^■^^  ""■"  n%. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


1.0 


I.I 


128 


IIIM 

12.2 


m 
•m  ^ 

:"    Hill  2.0 


1.8 


|l.25      1.4 

1.6 

< 6"     - 

► 

V] 


e3 


.^# 


% 


c-^* 


<$> 


/a 


.> 


/^ 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY    14580 

(716)  872-4503 


vV 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 

1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checited  below. 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 

n 
n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 


L'institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 

□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

n    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur6es  et/ou  pellicul^es 

0   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqu^es 

□Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

□    Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

□    Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
■I  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 


I — I    Only  edition  available/ 


D 


Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmies  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


n 


Additional  comments  / 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


0 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  U\m6  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

1 
1 

V 

ia)(                            16X                            20X                            24X                            28X                            32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  ha*  been  reproduced  thanke 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Douglas  Library 
Queen's  University 


L'exemplaire  filmi  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnArositi  de: 

Douglas  Library 
Queen's  University 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Las  images  suivantes  ont  4tA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin.  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  las  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  \ii^ith  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ►  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END  "), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sont  filmis  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  dtre 
fiimis  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  fiimA  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 

■PM 


wmmmmmmmmi 


OvAf-Jt) 


o>*tjt>  j'V  vVv^N 


THE 


COUES   CHECK    LIST    . 


OF 


North  American  Birds. 

SECOND      ElUTION, 
Brbteety  to  IBate,  ani)  entirelg  i^ctsrittcn,  unlicr  Bircctton  of  ttie  ^utijor, 


WITH   A   DICTIONARY  OK  THE 


I  *  •  •  • 


I  I  •  •  t 


•  I  •  •  • 
1  *  I  ■ « 


» •  » •  • 

1 

t  I  *  >  # 


■  I  ■ « I 
.  t  •  •  • 


I  *  •  •  • 

lit* 


ETYMOLOGY.  ORTHOGRAPHY,  AND  ORTHOEPY 


OF     illE 


SCIENTIFIC    NAMES, 

THE  CONCORDANCE  OF   PREVIOUS    LISTS,   AND   A   CATALOGUE   OF   HIS 
ORNITHOLOGICAL    PUBLICATIONS. 


BOSTON: 

ESTES    AND     LAURIAT. 

1882. 


^l-'^''/7.C'6 


J 


«  I  t  I  » 
I  •  •  t  • 


•  •  •  •  • 


t  < 

•      •     < 


I  •  -  • 
•  •  •  • 

•••  . 

ft     t 
•••• 


Copyright,  188S, 
By    ESTES    AND    LaURIAT. 


University   Press: 
John  Wilson  anu  Son,  Camdhid(;u. 


INTRODUCTION. 


In  1873,  shortly  after  the  publication  of  the  author's  "  Key  to  North  American 
Birds,"  appeared  the  original  edition  of  this  "  CMieck  List,"  which  was  almost  imme- 
diately reissued  in  connection  with  the  same  writer's  "  Field  Ornitiiology,"  in  1874. 
That  list  reflected  the  classification  and  nomenclature  of  the  "Key"  with  much 
exactitude,  although  it  included,  in  an  Ap|)cndix,  a  few  species  additional  to  those 
described  in  the  "  Key,"  and  made  son.e  slight  changes  in  the  nanu's.  Excepting 
some  little  comment  in  foot-notes  and  in  the  Ai)pendix,  Ihe  original  "Check  List" 
was  a  bare  catalogue  of  scientific  and  vernacular  names,  printed  h»  thick  type  on  one 
side  of  the  paper. 

Meanwhile,  the  science  of  Ornithology  has  progressed,  and  our  knowledge  of 
North  American  birds  has  increased,  both  in  extent  and  in  precision,  until  the  orig- 
inal  list,  faithful  as  it  was  at  the  time,  fails  now  to  answer  the  i)urpose  of  adequately 
reflecting  the  degree  of  perfection  to  which  the  subject  has  been  brought.  A  new 
edition  has  therefore  become  necessarj'. 

The  list  has  been  revised  with  the  utmost  care.  The  gratifying  degree  of  accu- 
racy with  which  it  represented  our  knowledge  of  1873  is  exhibited  in  the  fact,  that 
it  is  found  necessary  to  remove  no  more  than  ten  names.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  progress  of  investigation  has  resulted  in  adding  one  hundred  and  twenty  names 
to  the  list,  and  in  showing  the  necessity  or  exi)ediency  of  making  many  changes 
in  nomenclature.  The  exact  analysis  of  the  differences  between  the  two  lists  is 
given  beyond. 

In  revising  the  list  for  the  main  jnirpose  of  detemining  the  ornithological  sfatns 
of  every  North  American  bird,  the  most  scrupulous  attention  has  been  paid  to 
the  matter  of  nomenclature,  —  not  only  as  a  part  of  scientific  classification,  deter- 
mining the  technical  relations  of  genera,  species,  and  varieties  to  each  other,  but 
also  as  involved  in  writing  and  speaking  the  names  of  birds  correctly.  The  more 
closely  this  matter  was  scruthiized,  the  more  evidences  of  inconsistency,  negligence, 


F 


4 


INTRODUCTION. 


or  ignorance  were  discovered  in  our  habitual  use  of  names.  It  was  tlierefore 
dctcrniinvd  to  submit  the  current  catalogue  of  North  American  birds  to  a  rigid 
examination,  with  reference  to  the  spelling,  pronunciation,  and  derivation  of  ever)' 
name,  —  in  short,  to  revise  the  list  from  a  philological  as  well  as  an  ornithological 
standpoint. 

The  present  "Check  List,"  therefore,  differs  from  the  original  edition  in  so  far 
as,  instead  of  being  a  bare  catalogue  of  names,  it  consists  in  a  treatise  on  the  ety- 
mology, orthography,  and  orthoepy  of  all  the  scientific,  and  man}'  of  the  vernacular, 
words  employed  in  the  nomenclature  of  Noith  American  birds.  Nothing  of  the  sort 
has  been  done  before,  to  the  same  extent  at  any  rate ;  and  it  is  confidently  expected 
that  the  information  given  here  will  prove  useful  to  many  who,  however  familiar 
they  may  l)e  with  the  appearance  of  these  names  on  paper,  have  comparatively  little 
notion  of  the  derivation,  signification,  and  application  of  the  words ;  and  who 
unwittingly  speak  them  as  they  usually  hear  them  pronounced,  that  is  to  say,  with 
glaring  impropriety.  No  one  who  adds  a  degree  of  classical  proficiency  to  his 
scientific  acquirements,  be  the  latter  never  so  extensive,  can  fail  to  handle  the  tools 
of  thought  with  an  ease  and  precision  so  greatly  enhanced,  that  the  merit  of  ornitho- 
logical exactitude  may  be  adorned  with  the  charm  of  scholarly  elegance. 

The  purpose  of  the  present  "  Check  List"  is  thus  distinctly  seen  to  be  twofold : 
First,  to  present  a  complete  list  of  the  birds  now  known  to  inhabit  North  America, 
north  of  Mexico,  and  including  Greenland,  to  classify  them  systematically,  and  to 
name  them  conformably  with  current  rules  of  nomenclature ;  these  being  ornitho- 
logical matters  of  science.  Secondly,  to  take  each  word  occurring  in  such  technical 
usage,  explain  its  derivation,  significance,  and  application,  spell  it  correctly,  and 
indicate  its  pronunciation  with  the  usual  diacritical  marks ;  these  being  purely 
philological  matters,  affecting  not  the  scientific  status  of  any  bird,  but  the  classical 
questions  involved  in  its  name. 

In  the  latter  portion  of  his  task,  which,  as  is  always  the  cose  when  thorough  work 
of  any  kind  is  undertaken,  proved  to  be  more  difficult  and  more  protracted  than  had 
been  expected,  and  delayed  the  appearance  of  the  list  for  nearly  a  year  after  the 
ornithological  portion  had  been  practically  completed,  the  author  of  the  original  list 
has  received  invaluable  assistance  from  Mrs.  S.  Olivia  Weston-Aiken,  who  cor- 
dially shared  with  him  the  labor  of  the  philological  investigation,  and  to  whose 
scholarly  attainments  he  is  so  largely  indebted,  that  it  is  no  less  a  duty  than  a 
pleasure  to  recognize  the  co-operation  of  this  accomplished  lady. 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  TWO  EDITIONS. 


The  original  edition  of  the  "Check  List"  ostensibly  enumerates  only  635  species 
of  North  American  Birds.  This  is  owing  to  tiie  fact  that  only  full  species  are  num- 
bered, the  many  subspecies  being  given  as  a,  b,  &c.,  and  some  names  being  inter- 
polated without  corresponding  numbers,  both  in  the  body  of  the  list  and  in  the 
Appendix.  By  actual  count  there  are  found  to  be,  in  the  body  of  the  list,  750  ;  to 
which  28  are  added  in  the  Appendix  :  750  +  28  =  778. 

First,  with  regard  to  subtractions.  It  is  in  gratifying  evidence  of  the  general 
accuracy  of  the  original  list,  that  it  is  found  necessary  to  remove  only  ten  (10) 
names.  Four  of  these  arc  extra-limital ;  six  are  mere  synonyms.  The  following 
is  the  — 

LIST  OF  SUBTRAHEND  NAMES. 

1.  .aigiothiis  fuscescens.    Summer  plumage  of  ^.  linaria. 

2.  Centronyx  ochrocephalus.    Fall  plumage  of  Passercidus  bairdi. 

3.  Sphyropicus  williamsoni.    Male  of  S.  thi/rofdes. 

4.  Lampornis  mango.    Extra-limital. 
6.  Agjrrtria  linnaei.    Extra-limital. 

6.  Momotus  coeruleiceps.    Extra-limital. 

7.  Ibis  thalassina.     Young  of  Ple(jadis  <junrama. 

8.  Ardea  wuerdemanni.    Dicliromatism  of  ^.  occiWrn^n//.'!. 

0.  Sterna  "  longipennis."    Meaning  5.  pikii  Lawr.    Young  of  S.  macrura. 
10.  Podiceps  cristatus.    Extra-limital,  as  far  as  known. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  numerous  accessions  to  the  list  are  in  no  less  gratifying 
evidence  of  the  progress  of  our  knowledge.  There  are  no  fewer  than  one  hundred  and 
twenty  additions  to  be  made.  The  large  majority  of  these  are  bona  fide  species,  and' 
actual  acquisitions  to  the  North  American  list,  being  birds  discovered  since  1873  in 
Texas,  Arizona,  and  Alaska,  together  with  several  long  known  to  inhabit  Green- 
land. It  may  be  here  remarked  that  although  the  Greenland  Fauna  has  long  been 
usually  claimed  and  conceded  to  be  North  American,  yet  the  full  list  of  Greenland 


fw 


t 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  TWO  EDITIONS. 


li  >  ■ 


birds  has  never  before  •  been  formally  incorporated  with  the  North  American,  a8  is 
done  in  the  present  instance.  Aside  from  such  additions,  the  increment  is  reprc- 
Bcnted  by  species  or  (chiefly)  subspecies  named  as  new  to  science  since  1873  ;  by  a 
few  restored  to  the  list ;  and  by  two  imported  and  now  naturalized  sjKicics.  'I'iio 
following  is  the  full  — 

LIST  OF  ADDEND  NAMES.    [Continued  on  p.  10] 

1 .  Turdus  migratorius  propinquus.    Since  degcribcd  by  Ridgway.    Western  I'.  8. 

2.  Turdus  lliacus.    Greenland. 

3.  Harporhynohus  ourvlrostris  (verus).    Restored.    Arizona. 

4.  Oyaneoula  sueoioa.    Alaska. 

5.  Regulus  satrapa  olivaoeus.     Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

6.  Parus  rufescens  neglectus.    Since  described  by  Ridgway.    California. 

7.  Parus  cinctus.    Alaska. 

8.  Psaltriparus  melanotis.    Restored.    Nevada.     Arizona. 
0.  Catherpes  mexlcanus  (verus).    Restored.    Texas. 

10.  Thryothorus  ludovloianus  miamensis.    Since  described  by  Ridgway.    Florida. 

11.  Anorthura  troglodytes  pacificus.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

12.  Telmatodytes  palustrls  paludicola.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

13.  Alauda  arvensis.    Greenland ;"  Alaska ;"  Bermudas. 

14.  Motacilla  alba.    Greenland. 

15.  Mniotilta  varia  borealis.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

1 6.  Parula  nigrllora.    Since  described  by  Coues.    Texas. 

17.  Helminthophaga  lawrencii.     Since  described  by  Ilerrick.    New  Jersey. 

18.  Helminthophaga  leucobronchialis.    Since  described  by  Brewster.    Mass. 

1 9.  Helminthophaga  cincinnatiensis.    Since  described  by  Langdun.    Ohio. 

20.  Peucedramus  olivaceus.    Arizona. 

21.  DendrcBca  palmarum  hypochrysea.    Since  described  by  Ridgway. 

22.  Siurus  naevius  notabilis.    Since  described  by  Grinnell.    Wyoming. 

23.  Cardellina  rubrifrons.    Arizona. 

24.  Vireo  flavoviridis.    Restored.    Texas. 

25.  Vireo  solitarius  cassini.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

26.  Passer  montanus.    Naturalized. 

27.  Leucosticte  atrata.    Since  described  by  Ridgway.     Colorado. 

28.  Leucosticte  australis.    Recognized  as  a  species. 

29.  Leucosticte  tephrocotis  litoralis.    Recognized  as  a  snbspeclea. 

30.  .^giothus  linaria  holboelli.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

31.  .^giothus  hornemanni.    Greenland. 

32.  Astragalinus  notatus.    Restored.    Kentucky. 

33.  Passerculus  sandvicensls  alaudinus.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

34.  Ammodramus  caudacutus  nelsoni.    Since  described  by  Allen.    Illinois. 

35.  Peucaea  aestivalis  illinoensis.     Since  described  by  Ridgway.    Illinois. 

36.  Peucaea  ruficeps  boucardi.    Arizona. 

37.  Junco  hiemalis  annectens.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

38.  Junco  hiemalis  dorsalis.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

39.  Junco  hiemalis  cinereus.    Arizona. 

40.  Passerella  iliaca  megp.rhyncha.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

41.  Molothrus  aeneus.    Texas. 

42.  Sturnella  magna  rriexicana.    Texas. 

•  "  A  Catalogue  of  the  Birds  of  North  America,"  by  Robert  Ridgway,  in  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  ii,  pp. 
16.3-246,  published  since  the  above  was  written,  includes  Greenland  birds,  together  with  various 
Mexican  species  not  yet  found  within  our  limits. 


■i 


u 


ANALYSIS  OF  rilE    TWO  EDITIONS. 


43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 
51. 
52. 
53. 
64. 
55. 
56. 
57. 
58. 
59. 
60. 
61. 
62. 
63. 
64. 
65. 
66. 
67. 
68. 
69. 
70. 
71. 
72. 
73. 
74. 
75. 
76. 
77. 
78. 
79. 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 
84. 
85. 
86. 
87. 
88. 
89. 
90. 
91. 
92. 
93. 
94. 
95. 
96. 


Icterus  vulgaris,    lit'stored.    .South  Curolina.     , 

Quiscalus  purpureus  eeneus.    Kucugnized  um  a  MiibBp«>fiei. 

Cyanocitta  stelleri  anneotens.    Recognized  ud  ii  muIisih-lkh 

Perisoreus  canadensis  fumifrons.    Sincu  described  by  Kidgway.    Alanka. 

Sturnus  vulgaris.    Greenland. 

Pitangus  derbianus.    Texas. 

Myiodynastes  luteiventris.    Arizona. 

Mylarchus  erythrooercus.    Texas. 

Empidonax  flaviventris  difiioilis.    Kestored.     Western  U.  S. 

Ornithlum  imberbe.    'I'exas. 

Nyctidromus  albicollis.    Texas. 

Selasphorus  alleni.     Since  (lesiTil)ecl  by  llenshaw.    California. 

Calothorax  lucifer.    Arizona. 

Amazilia  fusoicaudata.    Texas. 

Amazilia  yucatanensis.    Texas. 

lache  latirostris.    Arizona. 

Chordediles  popetue  minor.    Florida. 

Crotophaga  sulcirostris.    Texas. 

Pious  stricklandi.    Arizona. 

Scops  asio  maxwellae.    Since  described  by  Ridgway.    Oilorado. 

Scops  trichopsis.    Inserted  on  Kidgway's  autliority.     Arizona. 

Strix  cinerea  lapponica.    Recognized  l)y  Ridgway.    Alasita. 

Strix  nebulosa  alleni.     Since  described  by  Ridgway.     Florida. 

Surnla  funerea  ulula.    Recognized  by  Ridgway.    Alaska. 

Speotyto  cunlcularla  florldana.     Since  described  by  Ridgway.    Florida. 

Astur  atrlcaplllus  strlatulus.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies.     Western  N.  Am. 

Falco  sacer  obsoletus.    Recognized  as  a  subspecies. 

Falco  Islandlcus.     Restored.    Greenland. 

Falco  sparverloides.    Florida. 

Buteo  albocaudatus.    Texas. 

Urubltlnga  anthraclna.    Arizona. 

Thrasyaetus  harpyla.    Texas. 

Hallaetus  alblcllla.    (Jreenland. 

Engyptlla  alblfrons.    Texas. 

Coturnlx  dactyllsonans.    Naturalized. 

Charadrlus  fulvus  (varus).    Alaska. 

Charadrlus  pluvlalls.    (ircenland. 

.^glalltes  hlatlcula.    Greenland. 

Vanellus  crlstatus.    (ireenland. 

Haematopus  ostrilegus.    Greenland. 

Galllnago  media,    (ireenland. 

Arquatella  couesl.    Since  described  by  Ridgway.    Alaska. 

Pelldna  alplna  (vera),    (ireenland. 

Actodromas  acuminata.    Alaska. 

Llmosa  aegocephala.    Greenland. 

Rhyacophllus    ochropus.    Nova  Scotia. 

Numenlus  phaeopus.    (Jreenland. 

Ardea  cinerea.    Greenland. 

Qrus  canadensis    (vera  =  fraterculus).    Recognized. 

Parra  gymnostoma.    Texas. 

Rallus  longirostrls  saturatus.     Since  described  by  Henslmw.    Louisiana. 

Porzana  maruetta.    Greenland. 

Cygnus  ferus.    Greenland. 

Cynus  bewickl.    Restored.    Arctic  America. 


I"*" 


A^'ALySIS  OF  THE  TWO  EDITIONS. 


V   1 


!  I 


97.  Anser  albl&ons  (verus).    Greenland. 

98.'  Berniola  brenta  nigricans.    Kecugnized  a§  a  lubgpeciei. 

99.  Somateria  mollissima  dresseri.    Kecognized  ai  a  subspecies. 

100.  Phaethon  eethereus.    Newfoundland. 

101.  Phalaorooorax  violaoeus  resplendens,    Kecugnized  aa  a  lubspecies.   California. 

102.  Larus  oaohinnans.    Alaska. 

103.  Larus  aiiinis.    Greenland. 

104.  Larus  oanus.    Labrador. 

105.  CEstrelata  bulweri.    Greenland. 

106.  Podioipes  auritus  (verus).    Greenland. 

1 07.  Braohjrrliamphus  braohypterus.    Restored.    Pacific  Coast. 

108.  Braohyrhamphus  hypoleuous.    California. 

109.  Braohyrhamphus  oraverii.  California. 

110.  Lomvla  troile  oalifornioa.    Uecognized  as  a  subspecies.    California. 

The  original  number  of  names,  778,  minus  10,  plus  120,  gives  the  total  of  888  of 
the  present  edition  of  the  "  Check  List."  The  number  seems  large,  in  comparison, 
and  I  am  free  to  confess  that  it  includes  some  —  some  twenty  or  thirty,  perhaps  — 
which  m}'  conservatism  would  not  have  allowed  me  to  describe  as  valid,  anc^  the 
validity  of  which  I  can  scarcely  endorse.  I  have  nevertheless  admitted  them  lu  a 
place,  because  I  preferred,  in  preparing  a  "  Check  List  "for  general  purposes,  lather 
to  present  the  full  number  of  names  in  current  usage,  and  let  them  stand  for  what 
they  may  be  worth,  than  to  exercise  any  right  of  private  judgment,  or  make  any 
critical  investigation  of  the  merits  of  disputed  cases.  Probably,  however,  there  are 
not  more  than  thirty  cases  of  birds  retained  in  this  list  whose  claims  to  be  recog- 
nized bj'  subspccific  names  can  be  scrioush-  questioned. 

It  should  be  observed,  that  the  list  is  not  yet  to  be  regarded  as  finall}-  filled. 
Our  southern  border  has  proved  so  fruitful  of  Mexican  species,  that  various  others 
douljtless  remain  to  be  there  detected ;  and  several  species  described  as  Texan  by 
Giraud  in  1841  remain  to  be  confirmed.  With  the  accessions  that  may  reasonably 
be  expected,  and  under  current  usage  in  the  discrimination  of  subspecific  forms,  the 
list  will  probably  in  a  few  years  contain  about  900  names  of  birds  occurring  in 
North  America  north  of  Mexico  and  inclusive  of  Greenland. 

It  is  to  be  added  here,  that  the  present  southern  boundar\'  of  "  North  America" 
is  a  political  one,  wholly  arbitrar}-  so  far  as  natural  Faunal  areas  are  concerned.  It 
would  be  far  more  satisfactory,  from  a  scientific  standpoint,  to  ignore  the  present 
political  line,  and  construct  the  "North  American"  list  upon  consideration  of  the 
limits  of  the  "  Nearctic  Region  "  of  Sclater  and  Baird.  This  would  be  to  extend  our 
area  along  the  table-lands  and  higher  region  of  Mexico  to  about  the  Isthmus  of 
Tehuantepec,  but  not  so  far  in  the  tierras  calientes  of  either  coast  of  that  countr}' : 
on  an  average  about  to  the  Tropic  of  Cancer.  Such  course  would  give  us  the 
natural  instead  of  the  political  Omts  of  our  country ;  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  it 
will  some  day  be  taken.  A  few  Cape  St.  Lucas  birds  have  been  so  long  in  the 
"North  American"  Hst,  that  it  is  not  thought  worth  while  to  displace  tliem ;  but 
with  these  exceptions,  it  is  not  intended  to  include  any  speci(;s  not  known  to  occur 
north  of  Mexico. 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  TWO  EDITIONS. 


9 


Aside  froi .  those  modifications  whicli  affect  tlie  ornitliological  or  scicntiflc  ttnhii 
oftlie  "  C'lu'ck  List,"  the  changes  in  noinenelaturu  are  numerous  antl  in  many  cases 
radical.  Witliont  counting  merely  literal  changes  in  the  spelling  of  words,  nominal 
clianges  are  made  for  one  or  another  seeming  good  reason  in  upwards  of  l.>0  cases. 
In  probably  not  more  than  .'50  of  these,  however,  is  the  ornithological  status  of  any 
l»ird  modified  ;  the  changes  being  simply  nomcnclatural. 

This  portion  of  the  subject  is  concluded  with  the  following  table,  showing  the 
number  of  birds  ascribed  to  North  America  by  several  authors  who  have  published 
complete  lists  from  1814  to  the  present  year. 


SUMMARY    COMPARISONS. 
Total  of  North  American  Birds  given  by  Wilson         in  1814 


<4 

ti 
u 
u 
u 
u 
« 


n 
<< 
n 
n 
it 
n 
n 


1( 
(( 
(( 
« 

it 

n 


Bonaparte 

"  1838  . 

Bkewer 

"  1840  . 

AunrnoN 

"  1844  . 

Bauiu 

"  1858  . 

COUES 

"  1874  . 

RinuwAY 

"  1880  . 

CoUES 

"  1882  . 

28.3* 
471  • 
401 

.'50<i« 

744 1 

778 1 
024  } 

88811 


•  Fide  Baird :  I  liavc  not  made  tlie  count  myself. 

t  The  number  ia  ostensibly  7-J8 ;  but  b  nunibers  are  duplieatcd  in  printing,  and  1  species  is  not 
numbered,  ninkiuK  744;  of  wliich  22  are  admitted  to  be  extra-limital,  but  enumerated. 

X  Total  of  numbered  species  in  the  body  of  the  Cheek  List  0.J5;  actual  number  of  sper-ics  and 
subspecies  750;  with  28  additional  in  tlie  Appendix,  making  778. 

§  Total  of  iiuml)ereil  species  in  the  Catalogue  704 ;  actual  number  of  species  and  subspecies  024 ; 
of  which  ;{7  are  admitted  to  be  extra-limital,  f  »r  all  that  is  known  to  the  contrary ;  and  several 
others  do  not  ap|)ear  to  be  fully  established  iiS  North  American. 

1  Being  the  778  of  the  orig.  eti ,  minus  10  subtracted,  ;</««  120  added,  =  888. 

Note.   Mr.  Bidgway's  Catalogue  contains  the  following  52  names  of  birds  which  I  do  not  admit 
...c  Check  List,  for  reasons  which  may  be  inferred  from  the  remarks  set  against  each  of  them. 
But  the  Mexican  (not  insular)  species  may  all  be  expected  over  our  border  ;  and  the  recognition  o£ 
subspecies  in  some  cases  depends  upon  the  perspective  in  which  we  may  elect  to  view  them. 

1.  ITarporhynchHs  (jrai/soni.     Extra-limital.     Socorro  Is.,  NW.  IMexico. 

2.  Hcguliis  ohsciints.     Extra-limital.     Guadalupe  Is.,  Lower  California. 

3.  lieguliiscuvicri.     "  Pennsylvania  "  (Audubon).    Not  since  identified. 

4.  Pariis  meridioiialis.     Extra-limital.     Mexico.     Since  found  in  Arizona. 

5.  Ceilliia  familiaris  merirana.     Extra-limital.     Mexico. 

6.  Salpinctes  ohsolctiis  guadnliipnisis.     Extra-limital.     Guadalupe  Is. 

7.  T/iri/omanes  brevicauda.     Extra-limital.     Guadalupe  Is. 

8.  Troijlodiftps  inmlaris.     Extra-limital.     Socorro  Is. 

0.  Panda  pitiayumi  insularis.     Extra-limital.     Socorro  Is. 

10.  Perissoglossa  carbonata.     "  Kentucky  "  (Audubon).     Not  since  idontifled, 

11.  Dendraca  montana.    "Pennsylvania "  (Wilson).    Not  since  i'       <\ed. 

12.  Wilsonia  minuta.    "New  Jersey  "  (Wilson).    Not  since  ideni-.^d. 

13.  Sctophagaminiala.     "Texas"  (Giraud).     Doubtless. 
U.  Ergaticus  ruber.    "Texas "  (Giraud).    Doubtless. 

15.   Basileuterus  culicivorus.    "  Texas  "  (Giraud).    Doubtless. 


10 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  TWO  EDITIONS. 


10.  Dasileutenu  belli.    "Texas"  (Giraud).    Doubtless. 

17.  Laniua  liidovicianus  roliustus.     "  California  "  ((ianibel).    Doubtful. 

18.  Progne  suits  crypldeuca.    Florida.    If  recognized  as  distinut. 

19.  Euphonia  elcijanlissima.    "  Texas"  (Giraud).    Doubtless. 

20.  Carpodacui  purpureus  call/ornicus.    California.     If  recognized  as  distinct. 

21.  Car/Mdacus  am/ilus.     Kxtra-liniital.    Guadalupe  Is. 

22.  Cltondcstes  grammictis  strifjatus  =  grammicus. 
2'3.  Junco  iiisularis.     Kxtra-limital.     Guadalupe  Is. 

24.  Pipih  maciilatiis  consoMnus.    Extra-limital.     (iuadalupe  Is. 

25.  Pipilo  macuiulus  carmnui.     Extra-limital.     Socorro  Is. 

20.  Passeriiia  pnrelliiia.     '      ra-liniital.     Mexico.     (Texas,  doubtless.)  ' 

27.  Icterus  wngleri.     Extra    .uital.     Mexico. 

28.  Quiscahis palustris.    "California"  (Gainbel).    " Louisiana?  "  (Ridgway).    Dubious. 

29.  Aphchcoma  tthramarina  coiirhi.     Extra-limital.     Mexico. 

30.  Myiozetetes  texensis.     "  Texas  "  (Giraud).     Doubtless. 

31.  Empidonaxfalvifrons  (verm).     "  Texas."  (Giraud).     Doubtless. 

32.  Paclii/rliiiwphus  major.     Extra-limital.     Mexico. 

33.  Hadroslomus  wjkike.     Extra-limital.     Mexico. 

34.  Picus  villosus  Icucomclas.    NE.  N.  Amcr.     If  recognized  as  distinct. 

35.  Colaptrs  .   ..otus  hybridiis.     Intermediate  specimens  of  unstable  character. 
30.  Cohptcs  riijipileiis.     Extra-limital.    Guadalupe  Is. 

37.  Moiiiotiis  cacrulehrps.     Extra-limital.     Mexico. 

38.  Ixhijnchopsittti  pachip-hipirha.     Extra-limital.     Mexico. 

39.  Coniirus  Imlochlorus  hrrvipcs.     Extra-limital.     Socorro  Is. 

40.  Biilio  ririp'nianiis  siibarcticus.     Wiscon.sin.     If  recognized  as  distinct. 

41.  liiilio  rirfiinifiniis  snliinitm.    N.  coast  of  N.  A.     If  recognized  as  distinct. 

42.  Falro  (lUiicjuhvis.     E.x^ra-llmital.     Mexico,  and  C.  and  S.  Am. 

43.  yEmlon  refiiilus.   Extra-limital.   "  At  sea,  off  Greenland,  lat.  57°  41'  N.,  long.  ^o°  23'  W.' 

44.  Tinnunculiis  nhiudan'us.     Extra-limital.     "  At  sea,  off  Cape  Farewell,  Greenland." 
46.  Poh/liorus  liitomis.     Extra-limital.     Guadalupe  Is. 

46.  Diitro  vulrjfin's.     Michigan  (Maynard).     Identification  in  question. 

47.  Hutro  liorralis  nocorrocn.sis.     Extra-limital.     Socorro  Is. 

48.  Orcortyr  picta  phtmi/era.     S.  and  L.  California.     If  recognized  as  distinct. 

49.  Siila  cyrinops.     Extra-limital.     Socorro  Is. 

50.  Siila  piscator.     Extra-limital.     Socorro  Is. 

51.  Diomcdea  cuhninnlti.    Extra-limital.    "Off  Columbia  Uiver  "  (Audubon). 
62.  Lomvia  arra  brunnkhi.    If  recognized  as  distinct. 


rOSTSCRII'T. 

During  the  printing  of  the  List,  and  since  the  preceding  pages  were  stereotyped,  the  following 
additions  have  been  announced.  They  will  be  found  at  the  end  of  the  list,  rait^ing  the  addend 
names  from  110  to  120,  and  the  whole  number  from  878  to  888. 

Parus  meridionalis.    Arizona. 

Myiarchus  crinitus  cooperi.    Arizona. 

Antrostomus  vociferus  arizonae.    Since  described  by  Brewster.    Arizona. 

Buteo  brachyurus.    Florida. 


111. 
112. 
113. 
114. 
115. 
116. 
117. 


Buteo  fuliginosus.    Florida. 
Eurinorhynchns  pygmseus.    Alaska. 
Fulica  atra.    Greenland. 

118.  Fuligula  ruflna.    New  York. 

119.  CEstrelata  gularis.    New  York. 

ISO.   Ptafiinus  borealis.    Since  described  by  Cory, 


MassBchusettB. 


[December,  1881. 


REMARKS  ON  THE  USE  OF  NAMES. 


$  1.  ETYMOLOGY,  OR  DERIVATION. 

Etymology^  the  «rv/ioA,oyi'a  of  the  Greeks,  consists  in  tracing  tlie  derivation  of  a 
word  back  to  the  root  from  which  it  springs,  exi)laining  its  formation,  inflection,  and 
application,  thereby  more  clearly  illustrating  its  virtue  or  quality  than  can  be  done 
i)y  merely  considering  any  one  of  the  various  meanings  it  may  in  time  acquire. 
Kor  a  good  illustration  of  this  definition,  sec  the  word  OirdinaUs. 

The  large  majority  of  the  scientific  names  of  birds  are  Latin  or  Greek  words,  or 
modern  compounds  of  such,  derived  conformaljly  to  the  rules  for  the  construction  of 
classic  terms.  In  general,  therefore,  it  is  easy  to  give  the  exact  meaning  of  the 
names  in  their  original  accei)tation,  and  to  point  out  their  applicability  as  terms 
descriptive  of  the  objects  designated.  On  the  whole,  it  has  not  been  our  design  to 
go  beyond  a  good  lixir  definition  of  these  Greek  and  Latin  words,  considering  that  all 
practical  purposes  are  thus  subserved.  Many  of  tiie  classic  words  being  themselves 
derivatives,  and  the  field  of  philological  inquiry  being  boundless,  it  was  necessary 
to  keep  within  certain  limits  ;  and  we  have  therefore  seldom  found  it  advisable,  even 
were  it  practicable,  in  a  case  like  the  present,  to  trace  words  back  of  their  recog- 
nized stems.  Y'et  there  will  be  found  in  tlie  present  little  treatise,  it  is  believed, 
much  philological  information  of  interest  and  actual  value  to  all  who  desire  to  be 
put  at  their  ease  in  the  use  of  tiie  Greek  and  Latin  names  of  birds. 

Many  pure  Greok  or  Latin  names  of  birds  known  in  classic  times  have  been 
transferred  in  ornithology,  in  a  wholly  arbitrary  maimer,  to  totally  ditferent  species. 
Thus  tiie  Tiochilui  of  the  ancients  was  an  Egyptian  Plover  ;  in  ornithological  nomen- 
clature, it  is  a  genus  of  American  Humming-birds.  So  also,  many  jiroper  names, 
and  many  of  the  epithets  which  classic  writers  were  so  fond  of  bestowing,  liave  been 
adopted  as  generic  or  specific  names  of  birds,  with  little  reason  or  with  none,  except 
the  will  of  the  namer.  The  genus  larhe  has  no  more  to  do  with  the  Greek  battle- 
cry  than  the  name  of  Smith  or  Brown  has  to  do  with  trade  or  color. 


r 


i 


12 


REMARKS  ON  THE   USE  OF  NAMES. 


1'    I 


:    1 


The  remaining  names,  i  ot  classic  in  origin,  are  a  miscellaneous  lot  not  cas}-  to 
characterize  tersel}'.  Many  arc  modern  geographical  or  personal  names  in  Latin 
form;  as,  wilsom,  genitive  case  of  Alexander  Wilson's  name,  Latinized  Wilsonun ; 
or  wilsoniamis,  an  adjectival  form  of  the  same ;  americana  for  American ;  hitdson- 
icus,  after  the  tcrritor}'  named  for  Henry  Hudson ;  noveborucensis,,  which  is  liter- 
ally, inhabiting  New  York.  Some  others  are  post-classic,  or  late  Latin,  thoiigli  in 
perfectly  good  form;  and  there  are  more  of  these,  we  find,  tlian  is  generally  sup- 
posed. Not  a  few  are  wholly  barbarous,  as  Pyranya,  Guiraca;  and  some  of  these,  as 
cheriway,  wurmizusume,  are  barbarous  in  form  as  in  fact.  Some  arc  monstrous 
combinations,  like  Embernagra  from  Emberiza  and  Tanagra,  or  Podilymbus  from  Podi- 
ceps  and  Colymbus.  Some  are  simply  Latin  translations  of  vernacular  names  ;  as, 
Pirffinus  anglorum,  the  puffin  of  the  English.  Finally,  some  are  anagrams,  like 
Dacelo  from  Alccdo,  or  pure  nonsense-words,  as  Dajila,   I'ircdca,  Xema. 

The  student  who  confidingl3-  expects  to  discover  erudition,  propriety,  and  perti- 
nence in  every  technical  name  of  a  bird,  will  have  his  patience  sorely  tried  in  dis- 
covering what  lack  of  learning,  point,  and  taste  man}'  words  imply.  Besides  the 
barbarisms,  anomalies,  and  absurdities  alrcadj"  indicated,  he  must  be  preparetl  to 
find  names  used  witli  as  little  regard  for  [)recision  of  meaning,  ahnost,  as  those  of 
Smith,  Brown,  and  Jones.  Nothing  like  the  nice  distinctions,  for  example,  tliat  tlie 
Romans  made  between  aler  and  niger,  both  meaning  "  black,"  or  between  albits  and 
candidiis,  "  white,"  obtains  in  modern  science,  where  names  are  too  often  mere 
sounds  without  sense,  and  where  the  inflexible  rules  of  technical  nomenclature  com- 
pel us  to  recognize  and  use  many  terms  of  slight  or  obscure  or  entirely  arbitrary* 
applicability,  if  onl\-  they  be  not  glaringly  false  or  of  express  absurdity.  Let  him 
for  example,  compare  tlie  several  birds  whose  specific  name  is  fuscus,  and  see  what 
color-blindness  this  word  covers. 

The  large  majority  of  tlie  names  being,  as  already  said,  of  Greek  or  Latin  deriva- 
tion, we  are  enabled  to  give  a  reasonably  full  and  fair  account  of  their  etymology, 
and  to  point  out  their  significance  and  application.  There  are,  perhaps,  not  two 
dozen  words  of  the  whole  list  which  we  are  unable  to  explain  and  define. 


\\ 


III 


$2.   ORTHOGRAPHY,   OR  SPELLING. 

The  literation  of  the  scientific  names  is  fixed  and  exact  in  nearly  all  cases. 
Their  derivation  being  known,  and  their  form  having  crystallized  in  a  language 
"  dead"  for  centuries,  the  proportion  of  cases  in  wliidi  the  ortliograi)hy  is  unsettled 
is  comparative!}'  small.  In  general,  there  is  no  alternative  spelling  of  a  Greek  or 
Latin  word,  and  the  modern  derivatives  are  or  can  be  compounded  according  to 
rules  so  fixed  as  to  leave  little  latitude.  In  some  instances,  of  course,  two  or  more 
admissible  forms  of  the  same  word  occur :  as  hyemaUs  or  /lienifdis,  ccertikus  or 
ceEruleus,  H(di(retiis  or  Halia'etus.  But,  in  general,  there  remains  only  one  rigiit  way 
of  spelling,  and  that  way  easily  ascertained.     We  say,  there  remains  ;  for  of  course 


REMARKS  ON  THE   USE  OF  NAMES. 


18 


i 


there  were  centuries  when  tlie  classics  were  undergoing  the  incessant  changes  inci- 
dent to  all  spoken  or  living  languages,  just  as  our  tongue  is  now.  But  having,  in 
the  usual  process  of  evolution,  reached  that  point  which  we  mean  when  we  use  the 
term  "  classic,"  the  Greek  and  Latin  have  come  down  to  us  in  a  certain  form,  so 
measurably  fixed  as  to  permit  no  decided  ulterior  modification.  Our  orthography, 
as  far  as  possible,  should  reflect  the  purity  and  lucidity  of  such  crystallization ;  and 
a  Uttlc  care  will  enable  us  to  make  such  reflection  dear. 

In  the  cases  of  actual  (Ireek  and  Latin  words  employed  as  names  of  birds,  there 
arc  probably  not  in  the  whole  list  a  dozen  instances  of  words  which  admit  of  defen- 
sible alternative  spelling.  In  the  modern  compounds  of  Greek  and  Latin  stems, 
tliere  is  necessarily  some  little  margin  for  variability  ;  but  in  all  cases,  perliaps,  at 
least  a  defensible  orthograi)hy  may  be  attained,  though  some  alternative  may  not 
be  without  its  claims  to  consideration.  We  can  oidy  eay,  that  in  this  matter  we 
have  endeavored  to  reach  good  results  according  to  definite  recognized  rules. 

In  the  much-vexed  question  of  forming  quasi-Latin  genitives  from  the  names  of 
persons,  we  have  adopted  the  ibllowing  simple  and  uniform  rule:  If  the  word  ends 
witli  a  consonant  add  single  i  for  a  man's  name,  ce  for  a  woman's  name ;  if  ending 
with  a  vowel,  cliange  that  vowel  to  i ;  as  bairdi,  cassini,  but  lawrencii,  bunapnrtii ; 
hhickburncp,  gracia.  There  are  but  few  cxce[)ti()ns  to  this,  as  aniice,  cost(e.  The 
letter  y  gives  the  most  trouble  :  it  is  best  generally  to  treat  it  as  a  consonant,  and 
say  sitck/eyi,  ridywayi ;  but  it  must  sometimes  be  rendered  b^-  t,  as  lucice  fur  Lucy 
(Latin  Lucia),  derbiaiuis  from  Derby.  It  is  rarely  that  a  case  occurs  that  sucb 
practice  cannot  readily  meet.  Names  of  birds  derived  from  those  of  persons  may 
of  course  be  from  any  language,  and  consequently  offer  combinations  of  letters 
unknown  in  Latin ;  but  it  is  useless  to  attempt  to  Latinize  them,  further  than  by 
giving  them  a  Latin  genitive  termination.  We  should  be  led  into  the  pedantry  of 
bmnonis  for  browni,  or  even  of  niyri  for  blacki,  if  we  attempt  any  systematic  Latini- 
zation  of  "  barbarous  "  proper  names.  It  is  best  to  apply  the  above  rule  even  to 
names  already  Latin  in  form,  and  write,  for  instance,  b/asitisi,  not  blasii.  The 
desirability  of  such  conventional  proceeding  may  be  illustrated  in  the  case  of  a  bird 
named  after  a  Mr.   Wilcox ;  better  wilcoxi,  and  be  done  with  it,  than  rilcocis. 

Hitherto,  we  have  spoken  of  Latin  and  Greek  names  of  birds  indiscriminately. 
It  will  be  remembered,  however,  that  we  are  snp[)osed  to  write  the  names  always  in 
Latin,  be  they  of  that  language  or  actually  Greek.  This  brings  up  the  subject  of 
the  transliteration  of  words  from  the  latter  into  the  former.  Most  of  the  letters  of 
the  Greek  al[)hal)et  have  their  exact  and  simple  equivalents  in  Latin  ;  but  some  car. 
only  be  represented  by  two  Latin  letters,  and  some  combinations  of  Greek  letters 
change  in  passing  into  Latin  words. 

The  Ibllowing  are  the  simple  equivalents  :  a  =  a;ftz=b,y-g;^  =  d;i  =  e; 
1^  =  z;  7)  =  e  ;  I  =  t ;  \  =  I;  n  =z  m  ;  V  =  n ;  $  =  X  ;  ()  =  0  ;  TT  =  p  ;  p  =  r  ;  if  or 
s  =  s ;  T  =  t ;  w  =  o. 

The  following  are  simple  substitutions :  k  =  c ;  v  =  y. 


14 


REMARKS  ON  THE  USE  OF  NAMES. 


The  following  are  expressed  by  two  letters :  0  or  0  zz  th  ;  <fi  =  ph;  \  =  ch  ; 
^  =  ps.     The  letter  ^,  though  written  single  z,  is  double,  and  equals  dz. 

There  being  no  letter  h  in  Greek,  the  aspirate  is  expressed  by  the  sign  ',  preced- 
ing a  vowel  or  written  over  it ;  thus  a,  «,  o,  «  =  //a,  he,  ho,  hy.  The  letter  p  also 
takes  the  asi)irate,  in  whieh  case  />  =  rh ;  and  when  p  is  doubled,  the  second  is  fol- 
lowed by  // ;  (p  =  rrh. 

Among  other  transliterations  frequently  occurring  may  be  noted  :  Final  --q  may  or 
does  become  -a;  final  -os  or  -oi-  becomes  •us  or  -urn.  The  diphtliong  ai  becomes  ce ; 
«['.,  l ;  ot,  oe;  ov,  u;  w,  yi.  The  letter  y  before  itself,  and  before  k  and  ^i  becomes  m  ; 
tlius  yy,  yK,  y^  =  ny,  nc,  nch. 

It  is  needless  to  give  formal  examples  of  these  rules  here  ;  for  the  reader  will  find 
one  or  more  of  them  illustrated  on  any  page  following  the  introductory  matter. 


II     * 


1) 


1       I  • 


5  3.   ORTHOEPY,   OR  PRONUNCIATION. 

Correct  pronunciation  of  Greek  and  Latin  is  a  lost  art.  The  best  we  can  do  now 
is  to  follow  the  usage  of  those  scholars  who  conform  most  nearly  with  what  thoy  show 
reason  for  supposing  to  have  been  the  powers  of  tl)e  letters  as  spoken  by  the  (J  reeks 
and  Romans.  Unfortunately  for  the  student,  there  are  three  reputable  schools  who 
pronounce  certain  letters,  especially  the  vowels  a,  e,  and  t,  so  differently  that  their 
respective  methods  are  irreconcilable. 

I,  The  Enylish  Method.  In  England,  and  generally  in  America,  excepting  in  the 
Jesuit  colleges,  the  letters  have  neaily  or  exactly  their  English  powers.  This  school 
teaches  us  "  how  not  to  do  it,"  that  is,  to  pronounce  as  the  Greeks  and  Romans  never 
did.  If  we  imagine  a  dialv^gue  between  an  English  Professor  of  Latin  and  the  Manes 
of  Cicero,  we  are  bound  to  infer  that  they  avouUI  not  understand  each  other ;  in  fiict, 
that  neither  would  know  that  the  other  was  talking  Latin  ;  though  they  might  write 
to  each  other  in  identical  words.  Obviously,  therefore,  the  Englisli  method  is  to  be 
siiunned.  If  the  student  will  pronounce  any  word  in  the  following  list  as  if  it  were 
English,  he  will  give  it  a  sound  the  furthest  possible  removed  from  the  right  sound. 
The  only  excuse  for  the  English  method  we  ever  heard  is,  that,  as  we  do  not  know 
the  rigiit  pronunciation,  a  conventional  and  consistent  substitute  is  better  than  any 
doubtful  approximation;  but  such  talk  is  a  mere  apology  for  the  English/)/*  idler, 
not  a  defence  of  that  sorry  makeshift. 

II.  Tlie  Continental  M<ihod.  This  is  universal  in  Europe,  excepting  in  England, 
and  lias  gained  much  ground  in  America  through  the  teaching  of  the  Jesuits  and 
other  learned  scholars.  It  is  also  known  as  the  Italian  school.  It  may  be  defined, 
in  brief,  as  a  compromise  between  English  Latin  and  Roman  Latin  ;  the  vowels  having 
nearly  or  quite  what  is  believed  to  have  been  their  sounds  as  spoken  by  the  Romans, 
while  the  consonants  are  heard  more  nearly  in  their  English  powers.  Leading 
features  of  the  school  are:  long  a  as  \n  father ;  long  e  as  English  a  in  fate  ;  long  i 
as  in  machine;  long  m  as  English  o  in  moon;  y,  as  a  vowel,  practically  like  i ;  j  like 


REMARKS  ON  THE   USE  OF  NAMES. 


li 


',  prcccd- 
tcr  p  also 
>nd  is  fol- 

-r)  may  or 
!comos  te  ; 
ccomes  n ; 


an  do  now 
thoy  sliow 
he  Grceka 
•hools  who 
that  their 

ting  in  the 

'his  school 

iins  never 

le  INIancs 

;  in  Aict, 

ght  write 

)d  is  to  be 

if  it  were 

it  sound. 

not  know 

than  any 

pis  idler, 

Kngland, 
esuits  and 
)e  defined, 
els  having 
3  Romans, 
Leading 
lie ;  long  » 
c  % ;  j  like 


y  ,•  c  and  y  hard  or  soft  as  they  would  be  in  English,  and  most  other  consonants  as 
in  English,  nearly  or  exactly. 

III.  T/ie  Roman  Method.  This  way  of  speaking  Latin,  if  prattieaMe,  is  obvionsly 
preferable ;  and  it  is  believed  that  a  close  ai)pioximation  to  Latin  orthoepy  is  fea- 
sib."  "  The  world  over,  nearly  all  the  Latin  grammarians  of  the  last  qnarter  of  a 
century  have  urged  a  return  to  first  principles.  T'le  Latin  has  rights  of  its  own, 
and  a  demonstrated  pronunciation  wliioli  should  be  respected."  *  The  credit  of  lead- 
ing this  reform  in  America  has  been  ascribed  to  the  late  Professor  S.  S.  llaldenian, 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  whose  "Elements  of  Latin  Pronunciation"  was 
published  at  Philadelphia  in  1851. 

Nevertheless,  the  practicability  of  introducing  such  radical  reform  among  natural- 
ists, to  most  of  whom  the  writing  and  speaking  of  classical  words  is  but  an  incident 
of  their  scientific  studies,  may  be  seriously  doubted,  however  desirable  it  is  to  do 
so.  We  question  whether  ornithologists,  of  tiiis  generation  at  lea^t,  can  be  induced 
to  say  Kikironta,  Kirke,  and  Piklcorwus,  or  Chichemnia,  Cfdrche,  and  Pichicorvus  for 
Ciceronia,  Circe,  and  Picicorvns,  or  wirraynce  for  virens.  It  ma3'  be  most  judicious 
at  present,  and  best  on  the  whole,  to  pave  the  wa}'  for  the  final  consummation  by 
carrying  into  practice  the  many  points  on  which  scholars  agree,  without  insisting 
upon  the  extremes  respecting  which  diversity  of  good  authority  is  admitted. 

Upon  such  understanding  we  offer,  for  pronouncing  the  Latin  names  of  North 
American  birds,  a  scheme  wliich  insists  upon  tlie  Roman  sounds  of  the  vowels  and 
diphtliongs,  but  yields  the  point  in  the  disputed  cases  of  certain  consonants  ;  conced- 
ing, for  example,  that  c  may  remain  soft  before  c,  /,  and  y,  and  that  v  need  not  be 
turned  into  w.  AVe  do  not  profess  to  go  into  the  subtleties,  or  even  all  tlie  niceties 
of  Latin  orthoepy.  Mucli  of  the  end  we  have  in  view  will  be  attained,  if  we  can 
succeed  in  preventing  those  barbarisms  and  vulgarisms  which  constantl}'  come  from 
the  lips  of  some  persons  of  great  accomplishment  in  the  science  of  ornithology. 
Having  ourselves  heard  Oh-nanth  and  Fidhj-rjewler  for  (Enanthe  and  Fuligula,  we 
need  not  affect  to  conceal  our  belief  that  some  orr,iti'ologists  ma}'  profitably  look  a 
little  further  into  the  matter  than  they  ai)pear  to  ha  ^  hitherto  done. 

Vowels. 

The  difference  between  a  "long"  and  a  "short"  vowel  is  essentially  one  of 
quantity  only,  not  of  quality :  it  is  actually  the  prolongation  of  a  sound,  not  neces- 
sarily involving  a  difference  in  sound.  Thus,  if  we  dwell  never  so  long  on  the 
"  short"  a  of  fat,  it  does  not  convert  tlie  sound  of  that  letter  into  that  heard  in  the 
"long"  a  oi fate.  The  phonetic  quality  of  a  vowel  should  therefore  be  distin- 
guished from  its  prosodiac  quantity.  Practically,  however,  no  such  discrimination 
is  to  be  made  in  the  case  of  the  Latin  vowels.  We  only  know  them  as  "  long  "  or 
"short;"  we  determine  their  quantity  by  prosodiac  rules,  and  make  their  quality 

*  W.  G.  IJichnrdson  on  Latin  rronunciation :  In  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education  for 
187G.    8vo,  Washington,  1878.    p.  484. 


"TT" 


i:    ! 


; 


H  'lii 


16 


REMARKS  ON  THE   USE  OF  NAMES. 


correspondent.  For  all  that  is  known  to  the  pontrar^',  the  Romans  may  have  had, 
for  example,  as  many  qualities  of  their  a  as  wo  have  in  Knglisii ;  hut  as  we  know 
only  their  "  long"  and  "  short"  o,  it  is  aimpl}-  a  matter  of  more  or  less  of  the  same 
sound  of  the  letter,  not  a  dilRrencc  in  sound.  Our  only  resource,  tliereforc,  is  to 
ascertain  the  natural  or  aecjuired  quantity  of  the  vowels  according  to  the  standard 
authorities,  and  i)ronounce  them  conformably  therewith. 

It  is  the  rule,  witli  few  exceptions,  tliat  a  vowel  before  two  consonants,  or  before 
the  double  consonants  x  and  z,  is  long.  We  arc  inclined  to  believe  that  in  man^' 
cases  the  full  length  of  tl.e  vowel  itself  is  not  implied,  but  rather  the  length  of  the 
whole  syllabic  in  which  it  occurs.  For  instance,  in  the  word  melnnorhi/nr/ms,  the 
vowel  »/  is  encased  in  five  consonants ;  and  the  time  retiuired  to  apeak  the  whole 
syllable  -rhynch-,  in  metric  composition,  is  what  makes  the  y  long.  The  Romans  may 
have  had  the  y  as  short  in  quality  as  the  y's  in  our  word  pygmy.  Nevertheless,  we 
have  no  assurance  of  this,  and  can  only  mark  the  y  long,  which  means  that  this  syl- 
lable is  to  be  pronounced  -rheench-.  Take  the  word  fnscescens,  again,  where  each 
vowel  is  followed  by  two  consonants.  In  this  country  we  seldom  if  ever  hear  any 
thing  but  sounds  of  all  three  of  the  vowels  as  short  as  if  the\-  were  Knglisli.  We 
must,  iiowever,  mark  tiiem  long,  which  is  equivalent  to  directing  tlie  word  to  be 
vivWciX  foosnysnyncc.  IJut  it  does  not  follow  tiiat  a  naturally  ishort  vowel  lengthened 
only  "  b}-  position"  is  to  be  sounded  at  full  length.  Thus,  in  fffinis,  tnsignis,  Ofiso- 
letiis,  from  inJ-,  in-,  oh-,  the  long  mark  indicates  the  quantity  of  tlie  syllable  rather 
than  of  the  vowel.  The  chief  exceptions  above  alluded  to  are  furnished  by  the  con- 
currence of  a  nnite  and  a  liquid,  when  tlie  preceding  vowel  remains  short,  in  prose, 
at  least. 

A  vowel  before  a  single  consonant,  or  before  another  vowel,  is  short,  as  a  rule  ; 
but  there  are  so  many  exceptions  to  this,  that  each  case  of  the  kind  requires  to  be 
considered  on  its  own  merits.  An  accented  vowel  is  likelv  to  be  long  from  this 
cause  alone.     Diphthongs  arc  long,  except  before  another  vowel. 

In  Latin  words  derived  from  the  Greek,  the  vowels  e  and  o  are  likely  to  be  long 
or  short,  according  to  whether  they  stand  for  Greek  eta  or  epsilon,  oniicron  or 
omega.  So,  also,  the  Latin  i  is  long  when  representing  the  Greek  diphthong  €i,  as 
it  often  does  ;  and  a  vowel  is  likely  to  be  long  when  in  any  case  it  comes  by  the  con- 
traction of  two  or  more  vowels  into  one.  Thus,  the  frequent  Latin  termination 
-pus,  from  the  Greek />oms,  is  long,  or  should  be,  like  the  proper  Latin  pes  (foot). 

With  these  slight  remarks,  we  take  up  the  vowels,  diphthongs,  and  consonants  in 
al[)habetieal  order. 

A.  Orthoepists  reckon  from  four  to  seven  sounds  of  this  vowel  in  English,  the 
four  usuall}-  recognized  being  those  heard  in  fa.  ,  fat,  far,  fall .  The  English  sounds 
of  rt  \n  fate,  fat,  and  fall  are  luiknown  in  Latin.  Long  a  in  Latin  is  always  sounded 
as  a  in  psalm;  it  is  almost  exactly  the  I^iglish  interjection  ah!  —  the  name  of  the 
letter  r  without  any  roll.  Short  Latin  a  is  the  same  sound,  but  with  less  stress  and 
less  prolonged,  like  the  a  in  diadem,  or  the  final  a  in  Maria,  Amelia,  Hannah.     Thus 


4 


1 


HEM  AUKS  ON  THE   USE  OF  NAMES. 


17 


have  had, 
I  we  know 
'  the  same 


,  or  before 
it  in  manj' 
gtli  of  the 
ytichns,  the 
the  whole 
wians  may 
Lholoss,  we 
at  this  syl- 
iv-hcre  each 
r  hoar  any 
jj,Hsh.     AVc 
ivonl  to  he 
longthcnod 
ii(/nis,  uhso- 
ahle  rather 
by  the  con- 
t,  in  prose, 

as  a  rnlc  ; 
uiros  to  be 
from  this 

to  be  long 
oniicron  or 
thong  ct,  as 

)y  the  con- 
tcnnination 
(foot). 

isonants  in 

•English,  the 
lish  sonnds 
ys  sonnded 
ame  of  the 
stress  and 
ah.    Thus 


in  th.  frequently  recurring  word  americana,  all  three  a's  have  the  same  quality,  but 
differ  in  quantity ;  the  first  and  the  last  a  being  sliort  and  the  middle  «  long,  sitnply 
because  there  is  where  the  accent,  or  stress  of  voice,  comes  to  prolong  the  sound. 
If  the  accent  in  this  case  were  on  the  antepenult,  all  three  a's  would  have  exactly 
the  same  quantity  and  quality. 

Long  a  as  in  psalm. 

Short  a  as  in  diadem. 

E.  Long  e  has  the  sound  of  French  c  in  fete,  or  English  e  in  tfiey,  or  English  a  in 
fitte.  Short  e  is  like  English  e  in  them,  not  quite  so  short  as  in  met ;  something 
between  mate  and  met.     Example  of  long  e :  ixillpis,  pronounced  ache-seal- i-pace. 

liong  c  as  in  (hei/. 

Short  e  as  in  them. 

I.  Long  t  is  invariably  like  the  English  i  in  machine, police,  oblique,  pique ;  that  is, 
the  English  ee  '\nfeet,  ea  mfeat,  &c.  ;  but  never  the  English  i  oifyht,  night.  Short  i 
is  the  same  soinid,  but  as  brief  and  abrupt  as  possible,  like  English  i  in  possible., 
ability,  imitate.     Short  and  long  t  are  both  heard  in  intrigue. 

Long  t  as  in  machine,  pique. 

Sliort  t  as  in  ability,  imitate. 

O.  This  letter,  long  or  short,  has  alwaj's  its  pure  English  sound,  there  being 
no  qualities  of  Latin  o  to  correspond  to  such  auouialies  as  the  English  o  in  movey 
more,  come,  «&c. 

Long  o  as  in  old,  no. 

Short  o  as  in  odd,  not. 

U.  It  is  not  easy  to  correctly  appreciate  the  powers  of  this  vowel  in  Latin. 
Long  tt  never  has  the  sound  of  English  u,  eu,  or  ew,  as  in  fury,  fend,  few ;  but  is 
always  broad  as  well  as  long,  like  o  in  move,  oo  in  moon,  fool.  Short  u  is  not  the 
i:nglish  u  in  tub  or  English  o  in  love,  but  quite  like  the  English  u  in  bull,  fill.  Take 
for  example  the  common  word  rufus,  where  the  first  u  is  long,  the  second  short. 
Tills  word  is  neither  roofiiss,  nor  rcirf-nss,  nor  rewf-ooce  ;  l)ut  if  the  consonants  per- 
mitted, it  would  rhyme  exactly  with  rue-fuL  If  I  am  asked  "  How  many  cats?"  I 
may  reply  "  I  say  ruefully  there  are  a  roof- full,"  and  in  so  saying  twice  speak  both 
the  long  and  the  short  Latin  u. 

Long  M  as  o  in  move,  oo  in  moon,  ve  in  rue. 

Short  M  as  in  bull,  full,  pull. 

Y.  This  letter,  as  a  vowel,  has  practically  the  sound  of  i,  long  or  short ;  more 
exactly,  that  of  the  German  ii  (uc),  as  in  Miller,  which  is  nearer  Mllhr  than  Mailer. 
It  is  scarcely  a  Latin  letter,  and  chiefly  occurs  in  words  from  the  Greek,  correspond- 
ing to  Greek  upsilon  ;  as  hyperboreus,  uropyginlis. 

It  is  to  be  remarked,  that  any  vowel  is  or  may  l)e  modified  in  quality  as  well 
as  in  quantity  by  its  consonantal  combination,  this  being  especially  the  case  when 
followed  by  the  letter  r.  It  is  as  if  the  r  were  rolling  away,  and  dragging  the 
vowel  after.     Compare  fuscus  with  turtur ;  the  first  with  the  last  syllable  of  tardus, 


jji 


ill 


18 


iiif 


Id 
I, 

t 


REMARKS  ON  THE   USE  OF  NAMES. 


I 


III 


if    M 


lill 


;t  1 


nil 


&c.  "We  suspect  that  some  of  the  less  evident  powers  ascribed  by  orthocpists  to 
various  vowels,  are  not  inherent  in  the  vowels  themselves,  but  due  to  consonantal 
uiodiiication  of  tlie  sound. 

Let  us  add  tiiat  orthoepists  commonly  and  with  great  propriety*  recognize  wlint 
they  call  the  ''neutral"  vowel-sound,  a  quality  so  slight  and  obscure,  that  any  one 
of  the  vowels  may  express  it  indifferentl}'.  Thus,  if  we  pronounce  the  word  martyr 
as  rapidly  as  p(  ,sible,  it  makes  scarcely  an}-  appreciable  difference  whether  it  be 
written  martar,  marter,  martir,  martor,  martur,  or  martyr;  as  we  say  scarce!}'  any 
thing  more  than  martr,  the  six  "  neutral"  vowels  are  phonetically  interchangeable. 

DiPFmiONGS. 

In  diphthongs,  each  v  A  must  be  sounded,  and  the  two  sounds  be  smoothly 
combined.  Two  vowels  coming  together  do  not  necessarily  form  a  diphtliong.  For 
example,  aer  is  a  word  of  two  syllables,  and  ae'don  one  of  three ;  tlie  vowels  in 
these  cases  to  be  separately  and  distinctly  uttered,  as  in  English  aerial.  Proper 
diphthongs,  »".  e.,  two  vowel-sounds  combined  to  make  a  third  different  from  either, 
are  comparative!}-  rare ;  and  all  the  following  components  of  diphtliongs  also  come 
together  without  combining. 

^  consists  of  ah-ay,  which  when  rapidly  spoken  becomes  so  nearly  like  Latin 
long  e  (see  above)  as  to  be  practically  the  same.  It  was  originally  written  ai,  and 
is  by  some  directed  to  be  so  sounded. 

AI  is  a  very  composite  sound,  t  itself  is  a  compound,  being  ah-ee,  the  whole 
being  therefore  ah-afi-ee,  which  when  run  together  becomes  very  near!}-  our  English 
eye  or  tlie  pronoun  /.     It  seems  quite  like  the  French  naif,  naive,  or  English  Lnife. 

A  and  O  do  not  combine,  and  seldom  come  together. 

AU  is  oftcnest  heard,  but  wrongly,  as  in  cause,  or  as  aw  in  awl,  law,  atc/ul.  It 
is  like  the  ow  in  how,  now,  owl.     It  is  precisely  the  German  an,  as  in  aud). 

E  and  A  do  not  combine ;  they  frequently  come  together,  especially  at  the 
ends  of  words,  but  each  is  separately  pronounced.     E.  g.,  yEne-as  Bore-as,  Arde-a. 

EI  is  frequent.  The  analysis  is  ay-ah-ee,  contracted  to  a  drawling  sound  little 
different  from  long  English  a  in  mate ;  more  exactly,  English  ei  in  vein,  eight. 

E  and  O  do  not  combine.     E-os,  E-npsaltria,  &c. 

EU  is  equal  to  ay-oo.  Strongly  and  rapidly  uttered,  it  becomes  the  long  Eng- 
lish u  in  tiihe,  ve  in  due,  etv  in  few,  eu  mfeiid,  ou  in  you;  and  especially  when  initial 
represents  the  whole  word  yon.  For  example  Eugenes  =  Yotigenes  =  Ayoogenes.  It 
seldom  occurs,  except  in  Greek  words. 

lA,  IE,  II,  10,  lU  do  not  combine.  The  very  frequent  ia,  especially  ending  a 
word,  and  the  it,  so  frequent  in  the  genitives  of  persons'  names,  are  always  two  full 
syllables.  The  common  iu,  in  the  ending  of  words  makes  two  syllables:  e.g., 
spuri-us.  So  seri-cs,  rati-o  have  each  three  syllables.  Some  apparent  diphthongs 
of  vocal  t  with  a  following  vowel,  are  really  of  consonantal  i,  which  is_/,  pronounced 
y  ;  as  plebeius,  ^=  plele-jus,  T^xonounccA  plehe-yus. 


i!:n 


REMARKS  ON  THE   USE   OF  NAMES. 


19 


loopists  to 
)iisonantal 

rnizc  what 
it  any  one 
ord  marlyr 
'tlicr  it  1)0 
arccly  an^' 
angcable. 


J  smoothly 
long.  For 
vowels  in 
il.  Proper 
•om  either, 
)  also  come 

like  Latin 
:ten  at,  and 

the  whole 
mr  English 
ish  knife. 

mcful.     It 

ally  at  the 
s,  Arde-a. 
sound  little 
iffht. 

long  Eng- 
rhon  initial 
togenes.     It 

I}-  ending  a 
ys  two  full 
blcs :  e.  g., 
diphthongs 
ironounced 


OA  and  00  and  OXJ  do  not  combine ;  bo-ops  l.as  two,  arcto-us  or  arcto-a  three, 
and  o-olugy  four  syllables,     ou  diphthong  very  early  passed  into  long  .3. 

OE,  when  fully  but  rapidly  said  in  combination,  seems  to  yield  ii\c  diphthong  a 
preceded  by  a  slight  w  sound ;  the  whole  nearly  as  the  English  word  way.  If  not 
this,  it  is  indistinguisliable  from  Latin  a.  We  are  incliiicd  to  say  teay-nunt/te  for 
cenanthe ;  if  not  this,  then  ay-nanthe,  not  ee-nanthe  nor  oi-nanthe.  The  combination 
U  sometimes  interchangeable  with  a,  as  calum  or  calum.  It  is  to  be  carefully  dis- 
tinguished from  0  and  e  uncorabined  ;  as  in  Arsinoe,  Cldo'ephaga. 

01.  These  two  letters  may  combine  or  not.  Generally  they  do  not,  each  being 
a  distinct  syllable.  Thus,  Pic-o-i-des  is  a  word  of  four  syllables,  the  second  and 
third  of  which  are  o-ee.  oi  in  combination  is  given  by  some  as  iu  English  oil,  but  is 
perhaps  more  nearly  the  French  oei  in  ceil.  As  ai  passed  into  «,  so  oi  early  became 
CB,  and  some  direct  the  letter  to  be  sounded  as  oi. 

UA  and  UE,  in  combination,  yield  sounds  like  English  wah  and  way ;  as  suaoii, 
suecica. 

UI,  equivalent  to  oo-ah-ee,  is  like  the  French  oui  (yes),  very  nearly  the  English 
pronoun  we.     The  rare  UU  seems  to  be  simpl}-  u  "X  extreme  length  :  equus. 

Y  making  a  diplithong  with  a  following  vowel  gives  the  sound  of  such  vowel 
preceded  by  w ;  as,  Myiarchus  =  Mweearchus.  It  only  occurs  iu  Greek  words,  by 
transliteration  for  upsilon. 

In  some  cases  three  or  four  vowels  come  together ;  but  the  pronunciation  va&y 
usually  be  determined  b^-  the  foregoing  rules.  Thus :  Agelceus,  Pocecetes,  Halieeetus. 
In  these  cases  respectively  ae  and  oe  are  combined,  and  pronounced  as  above  said  ; 
the  other  vowels  are  distinct.  Hal-i-a-'e-tus  is  a  word  of  five  syllables.  My-i-o-di- 
oc-tes  is  one  of  six  syllables,  though  in  practice  reduced  to  five,  by  slurring  the  y  and 
i  togctlier.  In  trudeaui,  again,  are  four  vowels  together ;  but  in  this  case  eau  com- 
bine into  long  o,  and  the  word  has  but  three  syllables. 

Consonants. 

Most  of  the  consonants  have  their  English  powers,  pure  and  simple.  Some, 
however,  call  for  remark,  especially  in  certain  of  their  combinations. 

The  letters  c  and  g  are  now  said  to  be  "  always  hard,"  without  qualification.  It 
is  a  much  vexed  question.  As  it  is  not  demonstrated  tliat  the  Romans  had  no  soil 
c  and  g,  we  do  not  see  that  we  may  not  be  permitted  to  retain  these  sounds. 

C  then  is  hard,  like  k,  before  a  consonant  or  a,  o,  ti,  soft  before  e,  i,  y,  and  before 
the  diphtliongs  ce,  ai,  oe,  oi.  ch  is  always  hard  ;  there  is  no  sound  of  ch  as  in  church, 
still  less  as  in  chaise,  in  Latin. 

G  is  hard  or  soft  under  the  same  circumstances  as  c,  with  the  important  excep- 
tion, that  it  is  hard  before  y  in  words  derived  from  the  Greek,  when  the  y 
results  from  the  Greek  upsilon  (v).     Example:    Gymnocitta,  not  Jymnocilta. 

J  is  simply  t,  interchangeable  with  it,  and  always  pronounced  like  the  y  in  yes,  or 
as  in  hallelujah. 


rr. 


rrr 


H  II 


I         1 

( 
1 

j 

1 

i 

j 

1 
1 

^    ♦ 


20 


liEMAIiKS  ON  THE   USE  OF  NAMES. 


N  followed  by  c  hard,  k,  g,  or  x  has  a  nasal  or  twanging  sound  of  ng ;  as  in 
English  aid/c,  auger,  pronounced  ang-kle,  ang-ger.  rrcccdod  by  m  or  g,  it  does  not 
destroy  tht-so  letters  :  as  Mntotilta,  Gnathodon. 

P  is  not  silent  before  t;  thus  \n  psallria  artieulatc  both.  So  in  the  digraph  ph, 
some  direct  to  sound  both,  as  in  vp-hill.  It  is  difllcult,  if  not  impossible,  to 
articulate  both  letters,  especially  when,  as  often  hai)pens,  a  th  succeeds.  For 
example,  in  erythrophthalmus  we  find  tluit  we  cannot  make  four  sounds  for  the 
phth  as  in  vp-hill  and  hot-house.  Practically  pli  becomes  something  between  /  and 
t\  just  as  \\\  Stephen  or  Steven.  So  also  the  original  Indo-European  asi)irate3  />//, 
rM,  (/A  are  not  retained  in  any  Uuropoau  language;  there  is  nothing  to  correspond 
to  log-house. 

QU  is  sometimes  followed  by  another  m,  as  in  altiloquus,  propinquus.  It  would 
seem  to  be  rendered  by  kwooce. 

R  is  strongly  pronounced  with  a  trill.  It  is  heard  at  the  height  of  its  power  in 
the  combination  rrh  ;  as  in  catarrhactes,  pgrrhoirhoa. 

S  invariably  retains  its  sharp  hissing  sound.  Thus  essence  is  a  rhyme  with 
fuscescens  (as  far  as  the  s-sound  is  concerned)  ;  so  also  virens  =  virragnce,  not 
n/-rem.  Compare  hiss  or  this  with  his.  So  particular  were  the  Komans  to  avoid 
tlie  z  sound  of  s,  that  they  even  altered  antecedent  consonants  ;  saying,  for  example, 
urps  and  pleps  for  vrbs  and  plebs. 

T  always  preserves  its  sound.  There  is  nothing  to  correspond  with  the  English 
-tionz=  shun,  «&c.     K.g.,  gra-ti-a,  rat-i-o,  itiit-i-um. 

V  is  directed  b^-  some  to  be  sounded  like  English  w  in  we.  But  this  is  rarely 
done. 

X  i.s  always  ks  or  cs,  never  gz  or  s,  even  when  initial,  as  in  Xema,  Xanthocephalus. 

Z,  which  only  occurs  in  Latin  words  of  Greek  extraction,  is  a  double  letter 
equivalent  to  r/r,  and  the  best  authorities  recommend  the  d  sound  to  be  articulated. 
Thus  Aphriza,  Spiza,  are  pronounced  A/reedza,  Speedza. 

A  word  in  regard  to  the  pronunciation  of  modern  i)roper  names,  as  of  persons  and 
places,  so  often  recurring  in  ornithology'.  After  mature  deliberation,  we  have  decided 
to  mark  tlicm  for  their  pronunciation  in  the  language  to  which  they  belong.  It  seems 
finical  and  pedantic  to  attempt  to  Latinize  them  ;  for  to  carry  out  that  plan  to  its 
logical  result  would  be  to  give  Irunonis  instead  of  hrowni ;  and  even  then  some 
names  would  utterl}-  defy  us,  unless  changed  beyond  all  recognition.  So  we  have 
adopted  the  rule  of  preserving  the  orthography  and  orthoepy  of  all  modern  proper 
names,  even  though  containing  the  letter  w.  Barbarous  geographical  words  of 
unsettled  or  no  known  orthography  may,  however,  be  sometimes  dressed  in  quasi- 
Latin  ;  thus  it  is  perfectly  permissible  to  render  anonalasehkae  by  unalascce.  We 
make  this  remark  to  explain  what  must  seem  inconsistent  in  our  use  of  diacritical 
marks  in  some  places ;  for  we  mark  the  vowels  long  or  short  as  the  syllables  are 
pronounced  in  the  language  to  which  the  word  belongs,  not  as  they  would  be  in 
Latin. 


BK MARKS  ON  THE   USE   OF  NAMES. 


n 


ng ;  as  ni 
I;  docs  not 

igrnph  ph, 
:)S8iblc,  to 
[ids.  For 
(Is  for  the 
iCon  /  and 
[)i  rates  Ui, 
correspond 

It  would 

I  power  in 

lijme  with 
at/nce,  not 
IS  to  avoid 
r  example, 

ic  English 

3  is  rarely 

ocephalus. 
uble  letter 
.rticulatcd. 

ersons  and 
ve  decided 

It  seems 
plan  to  its 
then  some 
0  we  have 
jrn  proper 

words  of 

in  quasi- 
scce.      We 

diacritical 
llablcs  are 
3uld  be  in 


Accentuation. 

This  is  a  matter  of  prime  importance.  For  elegant,  oven  for  bearable,  pronun- 
ciation, it  is  essential  to  place  the  accent  or  stress  of  voice  on  the  right  8yIIal)lc. 
Fortunately  tiie  rules  arc  simple,  with  comparatively  few  exceptione. 

Accent  the  penult  when  it  is  long. 

Accent  the  antepenult  when  the  penult  is  short. 

Tiiesc  two  rules  will  carry  us  safely  across  the  great  majority  of  Latin  words. 
In  many  cases  lengthening  tlie  syllable,  whether  penult  or  antepenult,  is  actually 
equivalent  to  accenting  it.  We  can  scarcely  recall  a  case  of  a  short  accented  peiuilt ; 
but  many  short  antepenults  take  the  accent,  which  is  simply  because  it  cannot  be 
thrown  still  further  back.  Modern  proper  names  of  three  syllables  with  the  accent 
on  the  first,  keep  it  there  after  addition  of  the  i  of  tlie  genitive  case ;  as,  aud'uboni, 
rich' nrdsoni. 

So  important  is  the  matter  of  accent,  that  were  all  other  diacritical  marks  dis- 
pensed with,  we  could  still  pronounce  the  words  with  measurable  accuracy,  knowing 
where  to  put  the  stress  of  voice. 

The  tendency  in  Knglish  is  constantly  to  throw  the  accent  back  as  far  as  possi- 
ble ;  and  there  is  much  of  this  same  practice  in  the  usual  pronunciation  of  Latin. 
For  the  latter  language,  and  especially  for  words  derived  from  the  Greek,  we  con- 
sider it  vicious  and  undesirable.  It  seems  to  us  much  more  sensible  and  natural 
in  the  case  of  a  word  compounded  of  two  (J reek  words,  to  keep  the  stress  of  the 
voice  on  the  stem  of  each,  than  to  throw  it,  for  sake  of  glibncss,  on  the  most  insig- 
nificant syllable,  often  the  mere  connective  vowel,  and  a  short  one  at  that.  Take 
for  example  TiogJodyles,  Lop/iopfimies,  PhyUoscopus,  or  anj'  similar  words  of  four 
syllables,  compounds  of  two  words  of  two  syllables  each.  It  is  glib  to  accent  the 
antepenult,  but  it  is  done  at  the  sacrifice  of  the  strength  and  dignity  of  the  stem 
which  stands  penult,  and  which  we  should  prefer  to  accent,  even  if  short.  Where 
we  have  found  it  i)racticable  on  etymological  grounds  to  lengthen  and  accent 
such  penults,  we  have  done  so ;  in  general,  however,  we  have  closcl3'  conformed 
to  routine  custom,  especially  as  there  is  to  be  strongly  set  before  the  inexperienced 
student  the  necessity  of  avoiding  the  glaring  impropriety  of  accenting  the  penult 
of  erylhrocephaUts,  for  example.  Tlie  tendency  of  all  persons  who  find  it  dillicult  to 
handle  a  long  new  word,  is  to  dissect  it.  with  two  or  even  three  accents ;  an(l  per- 
haps the  inclination  of  the  scholar  to  show  his  erudition  has  unconsciously  led  him 
to  the  opposite  extreme.  Any  "  rule"  or  custom  aside,  the  natural  accent  of  poly- 
syllabic words  is  rhetorical  —  as  if  each  syllable  were  a  word.  It  may  bo  seen  in 
those  words  whose  looseness  of  composition,  so  to  speak,  leaves  them  like  sen- 
tences ;  as  ne'i'ertfieless",  not'withstaHd"ing.  The  naturalness  of  a'naly"lic,  gti'o)net"ric 
contrasts  favorably  with  the  conventionality  of  ana'lysis,  geo'metry ;  and  there  is 
nothing  in  the  quality  of  the  final  syllables  to  account  for  the  ditrerences  in  accent. 
l>ut  we  are  aware  that  our  views  of  this  matter  will  not  pass  current,  even  if  they 
escape  adverse  criticism. 


£ 


i 


EXPLANATIONS. 


W 


% 


' ' ; :  • 


1.  The  names  In  the  Cheek  List  are  consecutively  numbered  from  first  to  last,  wliether 
they  be  of  species  or  of  subspecies.  Tlio  latter  are  sufFiciently  distiuguished  by  consisting 
of  three  terms  instead  «if  two. 

2.  The  names  in  the  Dictionary  arc  numbered  to  correspond,  each  page  containing  the 
same  nmiibers  of  the  two  series. 

3.  Tlie  person's  name  in  parentheses  immediately  after  each  bird's  name  is  that  of  the 
original  describer  of  the  species  or  8ubs)H'cie8.  The  unenclosed  name  succeeding  is  that  of  the 
authority  for  the  particular  combination  of  generic,  specific,  and  subspecific  terms  adopted. 
When  the  original  describcr  is  also  the  authority  for  the  combination,  a  single  unenclosed 
name  is  given.  —  The  following  arc  the  principal  abbreviations:  — 


All.,  Allen. 
And.,  Audubon. 
Bd,  IJaird. 
Bodil.,  Boddaert. 
Bp.,  Bonaparte. 
Cab.,  Cabanis. 
Cass.,  Cassin. 


Garni).,  Gambel. 
Gir.,  Giraud. 
Gm.,  Gmelin. 
Gr.,  Gray. 
L.,  Linnreus. 
Lafr.,  Lafresnaye. 
Lath.,  Latham. 


Later.,  Lawrence. 
Licht.,  Lichtcnstein. 
Nutt.,  Nuttall. 
licich..  Ueichcnbach. 
Eidri.,  Kiilgway. 
Scl.,  Sdater. 
Steph.,  Stephens. 


Sw.,  Swainson. 
Teinm.,  Teinminck. 
Towns.,  Townsend. 
v.,  Vieillot. 
Vi/j.,  Vigorsj. 
Watfi,  Waglcr. 
Wils.,  Wils.m. 


4.  After  these  terms  como  three  letters,  "  B,"  "  C,"  and  "  R,"  each  followed  by  a  number. 
These  stand  respectively  for  Baird's  List,  1858,  Cones' s  Check  List,  1874,  and  Itidrjwat/a 
Catalogue,  1880.  The  number  following  each  of  these  letters  is  that  which  the  bird  bears  in 
such  lists.  Thus,  Tardus  migratorins  was  named  by  Linna;us,  who  is  also  the  authority  for 
the  combination,  and  is  l.'iS  of  Baird's  list,  1  of  Coucs's,  and  7  of  Kidgway's.  The  dash 
.ifter  any  one  of  these  letters  shows  that  the  species  is  not  contained  in  B,  C,  or  R,  as  the 
case  may  be. 

5.  The  note  of  exclamation,  in  parentheses,  indicates  that  the  species  is  in  North  America 
only  a  straggler  from  the  country  that  the  following  initial  letter  denotes:  E.,  Europe, 
A.,  Asia,  M.,  Mexico,  W.  I.,  West  Indies.  G.  shows  the  bird  to  bo  only  North  American 
as  occurring  in  Greenland. 

6.  The  note  of  interrogation,  similarly  enclosed,  tneans  that  the  name  is  considered  to  be  of 
slight  or  uncertain  value,  —  as  of  a  subspecies  scarcely  distiuguished  from  its  stock,  or  of  a 
species  not  well  known. 

7.  The  Index  will  be  found  to  contain  matter  additional  to,  or  corrective  of,  that  in  the 
body  of  the  work.    See  p.  137. 


CHECK    LIST 


OK 


North  American  Birds. 


last,  wliothcr 
by  cdiiHisting 

untaining  the 

is  tliat  of  tlio 

is  that  of  the 

Tins  adopted. 

lo  uiicnch>sc(i 

I'ninson. 
Tomminck. 
Townsend. 
iMot. 
igors. 
Waglcr. 
IVilson. 

by  a  number. 
id  Ridgioaifs 
bird  bears  in 
authority  for 
.  The  dash 
or  R,  aa  tho 

Drth  America 
E.,  Europe, 
th  American 

lered  to  be  of 
tock,  or  of  a 

f,  that  in  the 


1.  Turdus  migratorius  L.    Bisa.  ci.  rt. 

Itobln. 

2.  Turdus  migratorius  propinquus  Rldg.    b  — ,  c  — .  r  u.  (?) 

Rocky  Mountain  Robin. 

3.  Turdus  migratorius  conflnis  (Bd.)  Coues.    b  — .  c  la.  r  8. 

St.  Lucas  Robin. 

4.  Turdus  iliacus  L.    b  — .  c  — .  r  6.  (g.  !e.) 

Redwing. 

6.  Turdus  nsevius  Gm.    b  ise.  c  2.  r  9. 

Varied  Thrush. 

6.  Turdus  mustelinus  Gm.  b  u%.  c  3.  r  i. 
Wood  Thrush. 


Tflr'-dfis  mi-gra-tS'-rl-iSs.    Lat.  Umhm,  a  thrush.    Lat.  m!nro,  to  move  from  one  place  to 
another  ;  mignttor,  a  wanderer,  a  migrant ;  mtqratorms,  migratory. 

T.  m.  pre-pin'-qtiQs  [propeenkwooeej.    Lat.  propinquas,  near,  neighboring;  as  related  to 
/.  mi;/ralonua. 

T.  m.  c5n-n'-nls  [confeenis].     Lat.  co,,/!„;s,  subs,  or  adj  ,  a  neighbor,  neighboring;  here 
in  sense  of  closely  related  to  T.  mi;,ralorius.  *>         -        f^  h. 

il-r-a-cQs.  Lat.  itiams,  relating  to  the  ilia,  or  haunches;  also,  Lat.  IHarus,  Gr.  'l\taK6,, 
reiatmg  to  Troy,  Trojan;  application  obvious  in  neither  case.  But  Aristotle  gives  a 
Kina  ot  thrush,  called  l\,ds.  supposed  by  old  ornithologists,  as  Oesner  and  Belon,  to  be 
tns  speces,  said  to  be  called  by  the  modern  Greeks  iKKd,,  rvKd.,  .IxKv  l\>ds,  or  KtxKa 
IMiSa;  and  the  actual  form,  Tnvdus  ilktcns,  was  an  old  name  when  Linnaeus  adopted  it. 
naS'-vI-tSs  Inayveusl.  Lat.  navim,  spotted,  from  mmts,  a  mole  (birth-mark).  —  The 
suh-^ronm  Hrsperocich/a  is  Gr.  tWcpo,,  Lat.  vesperns,  evening,  U.,  western,  and  nlx^a  or 
Klx^ri,  a  thrush.  ^ 

T.  mQs-te-H'-naa.    Lat.  must.limis,  weasel-like;  .'.e.,  in  this  case,  tawny. -The  sub-genus 
Hylocidifa  is  Gr.  PAr>,  a  wood,  and  Klx\a. 


4.    T 


6.    T 


6. 


lr 


24 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


I  i 


Ij 


'-I 


!    'i 


7.  Turdus  fliscescens  Steph.    b  isi.  c  6.  u  2. 

Wilson's  Thrush. 

8.  Turdus  unalascse  Gm.    b  iso.  c  46.  u  5. 

Western  Hermit  Tlirush.  ^ 

9.  Turdus  unalascae  auduboni  (Bd.)  Couos.    b  udvar.  C4a.  R5a. 

Audubon's  Hermit  Tlirush. 

10.  Turdus  unalascae  nanus  (Aud.)  Coues.    b  149.  C4.  R56. 

Eastern  Hermit  Thrush. 

11.  Turdus  ustulatus  Nutt.    b  152.  0  56.  r  4. 

Oregon  Olive-backed  Tlirush. 

12.  Turdus  ustulatus  aliciae  (Bd.)  Coues.     B  154.  c  6a.  R3. 

Gray-cheeked  Thrush. 

13.  Turdus  ustulatus  swainsoni  (Cab.)  Coues.    b  153.  C5.  R4o. 

Olive-backed  Thrush. 

7.  T.  fQs-ces'-c5ns  [foosaysaynccj.      Present  participle  of  a  supposed  Lat.  inceptive  verb 

fiisnsco,  I  grow  ilark  or  swarthy  ;  Lat.  fiisco,  of  same  signification.  It  means,  or  slioulil 
mean,  less  than  Jhsciis ;  i.e.,  somewhat  dark  ;  is  not  otherwise  applicable  to  the  lightest- 
colored  thrush  of  this  group. 

8.  T.  Q-n5-las'-caS.    Of  the  Island  of  Unalaska.    It  is  permissible,  indeed  desirable,  to  resolve 

Gmelin's  barbarous  word  aonalasvLkuc  into  a  purer  form.  With  this  orthography  the 
word  is  of  sufficiently  classical  aspect,  and  corresponds  with  alciscensis.  See  Aiiorllmm, 
No.  78,  and  Passerelbi,  No.  283. 

This  is  T.  jialliist  var.  nanus  of  the  orig.  cd.  of  the  Check  List.  For  the  change,  see 
Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  ii,  1880,  p.  1. 

9.  T.  u.  aud'-Q-b6n-L      To  John  James   Audubon,  the  "American   Backwoodsman,"  and 

famous  author  of  the  "  Birds  of  America." 

This  is  T.  pallusi  var.  auduhoni  of  the  orig.  cd.  of  the  Check  List. 

10.  T.  u.  na'-nQs.    Lat.  nanus,  from  the  Gr.  vdwos  or  vdvos,  a  dwarf. 

This  is  T.  pallasi  of  the  orig.  ed.  It  is  true  that  nanus  has  of  late  been  applied  exclu- 
sively to  the  Western  form,  the  true  unalascie  Gm.  But  the  name  nanus  was  originally 
based  by  Audubon  on  a  bird  from  Pennsylvania,  and  only  later  amplified  by  him  to 
include  the  Western  form.  The  long  survival  of  an  error  does  not  justify  its  continued 
perpetuation  after  detection. 

11.  T.  Qs-tQ-ia'-tQs.    Lat.  usluhtus,  perfect  participle  of  usfuln,l  scorch,  singe;  with  reference 

to  the  ashy  coloration,  as  if  the  bird  had  been  charred. 

This  stands  as  T.  swainsoni  var.  ustulatus  in  the  orig.  cd.  The  case  is  precisely 
parallel  with  that  of  nanus  \s.  pallasi ;  for  Nuttall  named  the  Oregon  bird  usliilahis  in 
1840,  and  Cab.-inis  did  not  apply  the  name  swainsoni  to  the  Eastern  Olive-backed  Thrush 
till  several  years  afterward. 

12.  T.  u.  a-lI'-cI-aS.    To  Miss  Alice  Kennicott,  sister  of  Robert  Kennicott,  of  Illinois.     See 

Scops,  No.  466. 

This  is  T.  .iwain.ioni  var.  alicict  of  the  orig.  ed.    See  No.  11. 

13.  T.  u.  swain'-sOn-i.     To  William  Swninson,  the  zealous  and  accomplished  English  natu- 

ralist. 

This  is  T.  swainsoni  of  the  orig.  ed.    See  No.  11. 


1:: 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOMTII  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


25 


R6a. 


la. 


inceptive  vcrh 

iSl^m           ^  ^  * 

cans,  or  siioiild 

^^B 

to  the  lightest- 

wk   ^^' 

•able,  to  resolve 

1 

•thograpliy  the 
See  Aiioilliiira, 

14. 

he  change,  see 

1 

)oJsnian,"  and 

15. 

16. 

applied  cxclu- 

was  originally 
fled  by  him  to 
y  its  continued 

17. 

with  reference 

H 

se  is  precisely 
ird  usfiildhis  in 

jacked  Thrush 

H   1^- 

Illinois.     See 

1          19. 

''M         ^°- 

IH         21. 

Englisli  natu- 

^?        83. 

14.  Oroscoptes  montanus  (Towns.)  Bd.    b  255.  c  7.  R  10. 

Mountain  Mocking-bird. 

15.  Mimus  polyglottus  (L.)  Bole.    B  253.  c  8.  R  11. 

Mocldng-bird. 

16.  Mimus  carollnensis  (L.)  Gr.    b  254.  c  9.  r  12. 

Cat-bird. 

17.  Haiporhynchus  nifus  (L.)  Cab.    B  201.  c  10.  R  13. 

Brown  Thrush ;  Thrasher. 

18.  Harporhynchus  rufus  longirostris  (Lafr.)  Coues.    b  200.  c  lOa.  r  13a. 

Texas  Thrasher. 

19.  Harporhynchus  curvirostris  (Sw.)  Cab.    b  259.  c  — .  r.  15. 

Curve-billed  Thrasher. 

20.  Harporhynchus  curvirostris  palmeri  Ridg.    b  — .  c  11.  r  15a. 

Bow-bllled  Thrasher. 

21.  Harporhynchus  bendirii  Coues.    b  — .  c  iiw*.  r  Ua. 

Arizona  Thrasher. 

22.  Harporhynchus  cinereus  Bd.    b  — .  c  12.  r  14. 

St.  Lucas  Thrasher. 


0-r5-sc5p'-tgs  [taccl  mon-ta'-ntis.  Gr.  &poi,  a  mountain,  <rKJ>irrr,,,  a  mimic;  ff/ccUirr™, 
I  mock,  deride,  jeer  at.  The  orthography  differs;  authority  may  be  found  for 
either  Oroscophs  or  Orcoscoples ;  the  former  was  originally  written  by  Baird ;  it  is 
shortest:  and  we  usually  say  orolo,;;/,  orcyraph/,  &c.  — Lat.  nwntanus,  relating  to'  mons 
a  mountain.  ' 

Mi'-mfls  fmeemus]  p61-^glot'-tQs.  Lat.  mimus,  Gr.  /i?;uoi,  a  mimic. -Gr.  tomJ^Awttoi, 
polyglot,  from  iroAui,  many,  yKuTra,  tongue. 

M.  c5.r8-lln-en'-sls.  Lat.  for  Carolinian,  of  Carolina;  Carohts,  Charhs,  h  the  modem 
Lat.  form  of  Germ.  Jtart,  or  tcrl,  a  peasant ;  A.  S.  norl,  Scot,  carle,  Eng.  r/mrl.  Cm;,linn 
IS  by  some  derived  from  Charles  IL  of  England;  but  Ribault.  in  1502,  built  in  Port 
Royal  a  fort  he  called  a,nrr,,rn,t,  and  Laud„nni5re,  who  came  to  relieve  Ribanlfs 
coh,n,sts  .n  IGW,  one  which  he  says,  "je  nommay  la  Caroline,  en  honneur  de  nostre 
prince  le  roy  Charles  [IX:.,  of  France]." 

Har-pa-rhyn'-chfls  [rh  very  strong ;  rh  as  ^1  ru'-ffls.  Gr.  fip,,,  a  sickle  :  ^oy^o,,  a  beak ; 
^..,bow-bdled.  rhe  former  word  is  seen  in  harp,;,  ,o  called  from  its  hooked  beak. 
Some  punsts  w.U  have  the  r  doubled  in  this  and  all  such  cases,  making  r/arporrhy.ch.s  ,■ 
bu  he  current  of  mo.iern  usage  has  set  too  strongly  against  it  to  be  stennned  without 
liability  of  seemmg  pedantic.  -  Lat.  ^,^.,,  rufous,  reddish. 

"'  beak."'^^''^^'"''''^  [loang-gi-roas-tris].    Lat.  lo„.jus,  long,  roslrh,  beaked,  from  rost,-uw, 

H.  cur-vl-r(5s'-trls.    Lat.  curvus,  curved  ;  and  rostris.  —  Not  in  the  orig.  -d. 

H.  c.  pal'-m«r.i  [sound  tlie  /].    Dedicated  to  one  Edward  Palmer. 

H.  ben-di'-rl-i.    To  Capt.  Charles  Beudire.  U.  S.  Army. 

H.  cIn-er'.«.iJs.    Lat.  cinfreus,  ashy,  or  ash-colored  ;  from  cinis,  genitive  cinms,  ashes.    Gr. 

k6.^s,  of  same  meaning,  apparently  from  Kalu,,  ndo,,  I  burn.     Related  English  words  are 

incinerate,  cinder,  &c. 


II         -■ 


I 


i 


I* 


!i 


26 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


23.  Harporhynchus  redivivus  (Gamb.)  Cab.    b  266.  c  is.  r  i6. 

Caltfbrnlan  Thrasher. 

24.  Harporhynchu!3  redivivus  lecontii  (Lawr.)  Coues.    b  257.  c  isa.  r  i6a. 

Yuma  Thrasher, 

25.  Harporhynchus  crissalis  Henry,    b  258.  c  14.  k  17. 

Crlssal  Thrasher. 

26.  Saxicola  cenanthe  (L.)  Bechst,    b  157.  c  15.  r  21.  (!e.) 

stone  Chat;  Wheat-ear. 

27.  Sialia  sialis  (L.)  Hald.    B  I68.  c  16.  R  22. 

Eastern  Blue-bird. 

28.  Sialia  mexicana  Sw.    b  159.  c  17.  R  23. 

Western  Blue-Tjird. 

29.  Sialia  arctica  Sw.    B  ico.  c  I8.  R  24. 

Arctic  Blue-bird. 

30.  Cinclus  mexicanus  Sw.    b  i64.  c  19.  r  19. 

Water  Ouzel ;  Dipper. 

31.  Cyanecula  suecica  (L.)  Brm.    b  — .  c  — .  r  20.  (!a.) 

Blue-throated  Redstart. 

23.  H.  rfi-dl-vi'-vQs.    Lat.  redlricns,  revived,  from  re-,  red-,  redi-,  in  sense  of  liack  agnin,  and 

vims,  livinj?.     Gaiiibel  discovcrt'd  in  tills  l)ird  a  long-lost  species  of  an  older  autlior. 

24.  H.  r.  Ie-c6n'-tl-i.        To  Dr.  Jolin  L.  Lc  Conte,  of  I'liiladelpliia,  tlie  famous  entomologist. 

25.  H.  cris-sa'-lls.     No  sueli  Latin  word ;   tliere  is  a  verb  criso  or  crisso,  used  of  a  certain 

motion  of  the  liaunclies  ;  ciissiiiii  is  a  technical  word  lately  derived  therefrom,  signifying 
in  ornithology  the  under  tail-coverts,  which  in  this  bird  are  rod.    Cf.  Or.  KpiaaSs,  KtpaSi. 

26.  Sax-I'-c6-la   oe-nan'-the    (oo-ay-nanthe,  as  if  way-nantlie|.     Lat.  saxicola,  a  rock-inhab- 

itant;  sarinii,  a  rock,  and  incola  {in  and  co/o),  an  inliabitant.  —  Lat.  viliJJora,  and  Gr. 
oiVo>'9jj,  signify  precisely  the  same  thing :  the  bird  is  prettily  named  "flower  of  tlic  vine  :  " 
Lat.  vitis,  the  vine,. //oca,  a  flower.  The  Gr.  olvivBii,  whence  Lat.  ananlhe,  is  an  uncertain 
bird  mentioned  by  Aristotle  and  Pliny  ;  the  name  was  definitely  applied  to  this  species 
in  1555.  The  word  primarily  relates  to  the  grape,  oKn,  ns  if  the  bird  were  one  which 
frequented  vineyards,  or  appeared  with  the  flowering  (Mos)  of  the  vino. 

27.  St-51'-I-a  sI'-ai-Ts.     Gr.  amKis,  a  bird,  in  " Ath.  JWi  F  ;  "  from  ir/dAoi/,  saliva ;  verb  aia\i(u, 

I  slaver,  or  make  some  sibilant  noise.     To  call  this  Anacreon  a  sloliberer! 

28.  S.  mex-T-ca'-nS.     Latinized  from   Mexican.      The  country  is  called  Mexico,  Mejico,  or 

Mchico,  from  Meritli,  the  Aztec  god  of  war. 

29.  S.  3rc'-tT-c5.     Lnt.  arrtira,  northern,  arctic  ;  i.  e.,  Gr.  ApK-roi,  a  bear,  apwrmdi,  near  the  bear. 
bO.    Cin'-clQs  mSx-I-ca'-nOs.    Gr.  KiyKKot,  Lat.  Cinrhis,  tlie  name  of  a  bird,  by  some  supposed 

to  be  the  European  Cinclus  aquaticus,  by  others  a  kind  of  Sandpiper  ;  KiyKMCi»  is  to 
wag  the  tail.  —  Lat.  mexicamis,  see  No.  28. 
31.  Cj>-an-e'-cQ-15  suS'-cT-cS.  Ci/aneciila  is  a  diminutive  substantive  lately  (perhaps  not  before 
Brisson,  1700)  formed  from  the  Lat.  adjective  cyaneus,  Gr.  Kvdvfos  or  Kvav6s,  blue ;  mean- 
ing, as  wo  might  say,  "bluet."  Rnl^'cnla  is  a  word  similarly  coined. —Lat.  sKcorn  or 
svrrira,  Swedish  ;  Sweden  having  been  called  Suecia  or  Sceria.  In  that  country  the  binl 
is  said  to  be  called  "  Cliarles's-bird,"  Carh-for/el,  whence  Avis  Carolina  of  s..me  of  the 
treatises  written  in  Latin.  —  "  Redstart  "  is  a  corruption  of  SRotllflerj,  meaning  "  redtail," 
Aud'jiulicllla  and  IVianicurus  are  among  the  translated  book-names  of  the  species. 
Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List.    See  Ibis,  1878,  p.  422.    Alaska. 


lilrSiS 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


27 


16. 

,  C  13a.  R  16a. 


32.  Phylloscopus  borealis  (Bias.)  Dress,    b  — .  c  20.  R  34.  (!A.) 

Kennicott's  Warbler. 

33.  Regulus  calendula  (L.)  Licht.    ^  I6I.  c  21.  R  so. 

Ruby-crowned  Kinglet. 

34.  Regulus  satrapa  Licht.    B  102.  c  22.  R  33. 

Golden-crested  Kinglet. 

35.  Regulus  satrapa  olivaceus  Bd.    b  — .  c  — .  r  33a.  (?) 

Western  Golden-crested  Kinglet. 

36.  Polioptila  coerulea  (L.)  Scl.    b  282.  c  23.  R  27. 

Blue-gray  Gnat-catcher. 

37.  Polioptila  melanura  Lawr.    b  284.  c  24.  r  29. 

Black-capped  Gnat-catclicr. 

38.  Polioptila  plumbea  Bd.    b  283.  c  25.  r  28. 

Plumbeous  Gnat-catcher. 

39.  Chamsea  fasciata  Gamb.    B  274.  c  20.  R  35. 

Wren-tit. 

40.  Lophophanes  bicolor  (L.)  Bp.    b  285.  c  27.  R  36. 

Tufted  Titmouse. 


'  back  ngnin,  and 
ilder  author. 
1U8  entomologist, 
iscd  of  a  certain 
•efroni,  siniiifyin); 
r.  (cpi(T(rrfs,  Kipa6i. 
ula,  a  rock-inhiib- 

•iliflom,  and  Or. 

■or  of  tlie  vine  :  " 

',  is  an  uncertain 
■d  to  tliis  species 

were  one  wliicli 

a ;  verb  (ri&A/C'"> 

er! 

Icxico,  Mfjlco,  or 

Is,  near  the  bear. 

ly  gome  supposed 

;   KiyKKlCu)  is  to 

erhaps  not  before 
av6s,  blue ;  nieaii- 
—  Lot.  siiccira  or 
country  the  bird 
J  of  si.nie  of  the 
?aning  "  rcdtail," 
le  species, 
ika. 


32.  Phyl-l5'-sc8-pQs  b6r-e-a'-lls.    Gr.  <pi\\ov,  a  leaf ;  trKowSi,  a  watchman  ;  aitoirfu,  I  look 

out,  survey,  examine ;  as  tliose  birds  peer  about  in  tlie  foliage.  —  Lat.  boreas,  the  north- 
wind,  h.  e.,  the  north  ;  borealis,  northern. 

33.  R6g'-u-liis  c51-en'-dii-13.    Lat.  reyulus,  diminutive  of  rex,  a  king;  exactly  equivalent  to 

"kinglet." — Calendula  is  a  substantive  whicii  may  be  formed  from  the  gerund  of  the 
verb  caleo,  I  am  warm ;  figuratively,  glowing;  in  allusion  to  the  fiery  color  on  the  liead. 
It  was  apparently  coined  by  Brisson,  17(50,  for  the  lOuropean  Reyulus  cristaliis,  but  was  in 
1706  approjiriated  by  Linnaeus  to  the  present  species.  The  early  ornithologists  liad  a 
great  variety  of  names  for  these  diminutive  birds,  mostly  indicating  royalty  or  other 
high  station,  in  obvious  reference  to  the  "crown  ;  "  as  Rex,  Re(/iilii.i,  lieyillus,  Tijmnnus  or 
Tvpavvos,  Dnsillsciis  or  haaiKiaKos,  Preshi/.i  or  ripfVjSiiy,  BatriAcus ;  to  say  nothing  of 
Orchilus  or  'Opxi\os,  Trochilus  or  TpoxlXos,  Parus,  Sylvia,  Motacilla,  Pass<ri:iiliis,  Tioi/lodi/tts, 
&c.     The  French  Roitelet  or  Rotjtckl,  and  the  Gernum  iloniijlcili,  correspond  to  "  kinglet." 

34.  R.  sat-ra'-p5.     Lat.  satraps,  sntrapes,  or  satrapa,  Gr.  caTpdmis,  from  the  Persian  Utshulrani, 

meaning  a  crown  or  a  kingdom  :  English  satrap.     Alluding  to  the  bird's  golden  crown. 

35.  R.  s.  fil-i-va-c6-fls.     Late  Lat.  olivaceus,  olivaceous,  olive-colored.     Sec  Vireo,  No.  170. 

36.  Pd-ll-op'-tl-la  coe-rul'-6-S  Isayrulca].     Gr.  vo\i6s,  hoary,  gray ;  irrlKov,  feather ;  in  allu- 

sion to  the  whitish  edgings  of  tlie  primaries.  —  Lat.  eo-nf/cu  or  carulea  or  ctru/tu,  blue, 
azure.     Any  of  these  forms  of  the  word  is  admissible.     We  prefer  cniruUa. 

37.  P.  mei-an-u'-rS.    Gr.  /ueAas,  fern.  ixtKawa,  black  ;  olpa,  tail.    Sec  Index,  p.  137. 

38.  P.  plum'-be-a.     Lat.  ;)/Mwi('Hs,  plumbeous,  lead-colored ;  from  ;)/hhi6u«i,  lead. 

39.  Cham-ae'-a  [kamay-ah]  fas-cl-a'-ta.     Gr.  x"Ma'.  adverb,  on  the  ground.  —  Lat.  fascis,  a 

bundle  of  faggots;  hence,  /(i,'.c(V(/».?,  striped.  The  allusion  is  to  tlie  indistinct  bands 
across  the  tail-feathers  of  the  bird  that  lives  in  bushes  close  to  the  ground. 

40.  L6ph-6'-pha-nes  [-nace]  bl'-cfil-Or.    Gr.  A(J<^os,  a  crest;  and  ^aivu,\  appear;  in  allusion 

to  the  conspicuous  crest.  — Lat.  i/ro/»r,  two-colored. 

N.  B.  —  The  accentuation  of  this  and  many  similar  words  is  questionable,  and  per- 
haps arbitrary.  We  give  tlie  above  in  deference  to  technical  rule,  conformably  with 
Aristo'phanis,  &c.    The  actual  usage,  in  this  cotmtry  at  least,  is  L6ph-6-pha'-nes ;  and 


^ 


'W 


! 


l' 

1 

j 

I 
j! 

I'i 


28 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEBIC  J  "  BIRDS. 


41.  Lophophanes  inomatus  (Gamb.)  Cass,    b        c  28.  r  38. 

Plain  Titmouse. 

42.  Lophophanes  atrocristatus  Cass,    b  286.  c  29.  r  37. 

Bladt-crested  Titmouse. 

43.  Lophophanes  woUweberi  Bp.    b  288.  c  so.  r  39. 

Bridled  Titmouse. 

44.  Pams  atricapillus  L.    b  290.  c  31.  r  41. 

Blaclt-capped       'cliadeC' 

45.  Parus  atricap.  "eptentrionalis  (HaiT.)  All.    b  289.  c  3io.  r  iu. 

Long-tailed  Clik        ^ee. 

46.  Parus  atricapillus  occidentalis  (Bd.)  Cones,    b  291.  c  su.  r  416. 

Western  Ciiicluidee. 

47.  Parus  carolinensis  Aud.    b  293.  c  316.  r  42. 

Carolina  Chiclcadee.  [Sec  Addenda,  No.  879. 

48.  Parus  montanus  Gamb.    b  294.  c  32.  r  40. 

Mountain  Cliicliadee. 

49.  Parus  hudsonicus  Forst.    b  290.  c  33.  r  45. 

Hudsonian  Cliicltadee. 


!f 


■:>',     i 


! 


we  instinctively  incline  to  the  latter,  both  as  throwing  the  stress  of  voice  on  the  radical 
Byllable,  instead  of  on  the  connecting  vowel,  and  as  the  a  in  -phunes  represents  two  vowels, 
ai  or  «'  as  in  phenomenon,  phirnoii<imoiis. 

41.  L.  In-or-na'-tQs.    Lat.  in,  negative,  and  ornatiis,  ornate,  adorned;  orno,  I  ornament. 

42.  L.  a-tro-cris-ta'-ttis.    Lat.  atcr,  utra,  niriini,  black  ;  and  cristatus,  crested ;  crista,  a  crest. 

Commonly  written  atricristatiis  ;  see  Parus,  No.  44. 

N.  B.  —  The  tenability  of  the  position  taken  by  Dr.  Coues  (B.  C.  V.,  i,  p.  117  ;  1878) 
respecting  atro-nishitus  has  been  queried  by  several  correspondents ;  among  them  Mr. 
W.  C.  Avery,  of  Greensboro',  Ala.,  who  some  time  since  furnished  an  extensive  com- 
mentary on  the  names  of  the  old  Check  List,  and  whose  suggestions  have  often  proved 
valuable.  Mr.  Avery  maintains  atricriskitus,  adducing  albicrrata  (sc.  Jims)  from  Pliny, 
15,  18;  and  o/n'-,  albi,  nuii/ni-,  &c.,  is  undoubtedly  a  correct  form  of  such  compounds. 
But  wo  take  cristatus  to  be  a  perfect  participle,  and  put  ater  in  the  ablative  of  instru- 
ment ;  there  being  no  such  word  as  atrirrislatus,  unless  we  coin  it.  We  consider  the  word 
equal  to  cristatus  atro,  conformably  with  usage  in  Pirus  alliolarratus,  Ti/rannus  auranliu-alro- 
cristatus,  &c.     Compare  also  the  actual  Latin  anro-davatus,  striped  with  golden. 

43.  L.  woll-web'-«r-i.    To  Wollweber. 

44.  Pa'-rQs  a-trl-cSp-il'-lfls.     Lat.  parus,  a  titmouse  ;  etymology  in  question,  but  apparently 

parus  for  parvus,  small,  petty,  like  the  actual  adverb  paruin,  little ;  Cr.  iravpot,  of  same 
signification,  th.  waueu  ;  cf.  pau-cus,  pau-lus,  pau-prr,  &c.  —  Lat.  atricapillus,  black-hair(ed) ; 
ca/iillus,  hair  of  the  head  ;  a  diminutive,  allied  to  caput,  and  Or.  Kf<paK-fi,  the  head.  Com- 
pare Knglish  capillar;;,  thready,  hair-like,  i.  p.,  as  fine  as  a  hair.  Notice  atri-,  not  atro- ; 
cf.  lophophanes.  No.  42.  If  the  compound  were  with  capillatus,  it  would  be  atrocapillatus. 
46.  P.  a.  sgp-tSn-trT-S-na'-lTs.  Lat.  septentrionalis,  northern  ;  scptcmtrioncs  (scptem  and  trio) 
being  the  constellation  of  seven  stars  near  the  north  pole. 

46.  P.  a.  5c-cTd-gn-ta'-lIs.     Lat.  occidentalis,  western  ;  occido,  I  fall ;  i.  e.,  where  the  sun  sets. 

47.  P.  c5-rai-ln-en'-sls.     See  Mimus,  No.  10. 

48.  P.  mon-ta'-nCis.    Lat.  montamis,  relating  to  a  mountain ;  mons,  genitive  montis,  a  mountain. 

49.  P.  hi5d-s6n'-I-cfls.    Latinized  f ro  n  the  name  of  Henry  Hudson,  discoverer  of  the  region. 


i 


■.<M» 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


29 


31a.  R  41a. 
.  R  416. 

Idenda,  No.  879. 


;e  on  the  radical 
ents  two  vowels, 

rnament. 
;  crista,  a,  crest. 

,  i,  p,  117  ;  1878) 
muoiig  them  Mr. 
I  I'xti'iisive  coin- 
ive  often  proved 
('(•lis)  from  riiny, 
iuch  compounds, 
jlativc  of  instni- 
.'onsider  tlie  word 
niiiis  aiinuitlo-alro- 
golden. 

1,  but  apparently 
.  rravpos,  of  same 
s,  black-liair(ed) ; 
the  head.  Com- 
e  nlri;  not  atro- ; 
be  atrocaiiilhitus. 
(scptem  and  trio) 

■re  the  sun  sets. 

>ntis,  a  mountain. 
;r  of  the  region. 


50.  Panis  rufescens  Towns,    b  2<j5.  c  34.  r  46. 

Cbestnut-backed  Chickadee. 

51.  Parus  rufescens  neglectus  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  R46a.  (?) 

Caltfornian  Chickadee. 

52.  Parus  cinctus  Bodd.    B  — .  c  — .  R  44.  (!a.) 

Siberian  Chickadee. 

53.  Psaltriparus  minimum  (Towns.)  Bp.    B  298.  c  36.  R  47. 

Least  Bush-tit. 

54.  Psaltriparus  plumbeus  Bd.    b  299.  c  36.  r  48. 

Plumbeous  Bush-tit. 

55.  Psaltriparus  melanotis  (Haiti.)  Bp.    b  297.  c  — .  r  49.  (!m.) 

Biack-eared  Bush-tit. 

56.  Auriparus  flaviceps  (Sund.)  Bd.     B  300.  c  37.  R  so. 

Yeiiow-headed  Verdin. 

57.  Sitta  carolinensis  Gm.    b  277.  c  38.  R  51. 

White-bellied  Nut-batch. 

58.  Sitta  carolinensis  aculeata  (Cass.)  All.     B  278.  c  38a.  R  5ia. 

Slender-billed  Nut-hatch. 


50. 


51. 


53 


54. 
65. 


56 


P. 
P. 


P. 
P. 


ru-fes'-cens.     Lat.  rnfi'sceiui,  present  participle  of  tlie  inceptive  verb  nifisco,  to  grow  red ; 
be  rufous.  —  "Cliickadee"  is  an  obvious  onomatopoeia,  from  the  bird's  note, 
r.  neg-lec'-tus.    Lat.  MP(/fcc/((s,  neglected ;  verb  nc (//(V/o ;  eijual  to  wc  (hoh),  not,  and  leclus, 
chosen,  picked,  taken ;  lego,  I  gather  in,  select,  &c.     Najkcl  is  a  nearly  exact  opposite 
of  collect. 
53.    P.  cinc'-tus.     Lat.  cinctus,  girdled;    perfect  participle  of   ciw/o,  I  surround,  encompass, 
encircle.     A  cimjulam  is  a  little  something  that  goes  around  as  a  girdle  docs,  whence 
surciwile,  cincke. 
P-sal-trl-pa'-riSs  min'-l-mfls  [sound  the  initial  p ;  the  a  in  parus  is  properly  long ;  some- 
times shortened  in  composition].     Lat. /(sa/<na,  Gr.  i^£{\Tpio,  one  who  plays  on  tiie  lute; 
from  the  verb  psallo,  }\i<i\\oi,  to  strike  such  an  instrument ;  English  psaltery,  &c. ;  and 
parux,  a  titmouse.     See  No.  44.  —  Lat.  minimus,  least,  superlative  of  parvus,  small. 
plum'-b6-iis.    Lat.  plumbeus,  plumbeous,  lead-colored. 

m6l-an-5'-tIS.     Gr.  fitKas,  genitive  ixeKavos,  black ;  oh,  genitive  airds,  ear. 

Not  in  tiie  orig.  cd.  of  tlie  Ciieek  List,  and  scarcely  establislied  as  North  American, 
thougli  given  by  Baird  in  1858.  Supposed  to  liave  been  spjn  by  Ridgway  in  Nevada, 
August,  18(38.     See  Rep.  Surv.  40th  Par.,  iv,  1877,  p.  415.     See  Index,  p.  1.37. 

Aur-I-pa'-rfls  [owriparus]  fla'-vl-ceps.  Lat.  aureus,  goli'r  .,  from  aurum,  gold  ;  and  parus, 
a  titmouse.  —  Lat.y?(/('((s,  yellow,  (or Jla(jrus,  from Jlacjro,  to  glow;  whence  English  defla- 
grate, flagrant,  &c.  Ceps  is  a  Lat.  termination,  from  Gr.  Ke(paK-ii,  the  head;  compare 
caput,  cephalic,  occiput,  &c. — A  more  strict  metiiod  of  compounding  aure-us  with  parus 
would  give  aureiparus;  but  it  may  be  taken  direct  from  aurum,  making  auriparus  admis- 
sible; as  we  should  say  "gold-tit,"  like"  bush-tit,"  "coal-tit." 

Sit'-t5  ca-r8-lln-5n'-s!s.  Gr.  (rtrra,  (titttj  ;  Lat.  sitta,  a  nut-hatch ;  the  word  occurs  in 
Aristotle.  It  is  related  to  o-tTrtiKTi,  (((ittokoj,  Lat.  sittare,  psitlacus,  a  parrot ;  the  implication 
being  some  sharp  sound  made  by  the  bird,  as  English  jisii !  There  is  a  Greek  verb 
i(/iTT({^(tf,  to  make  sticli  a  noise.  —  Lat.  carolinensis,  see  Mimus,  No.  ll). 

S.  c.  5-cQ-l6-a'-t5.  Lat.  no(/en^«s,  sharpened,  dim.  «n(/eHs,  sharp,  (((•».>.■,  a  needle  ;  from  ncpr, 
sharp,  tir.  axis,  a  point ;  compare  aKwy,  aKfuri,  (txpos,  &c.,  English  acme,  acropolis,  acer- 
bity, acrimony,  and  numberless  words  in  many  languages,  from  ^(i^-. 


67, 


58 


80 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


!|  lit 


:i!  I 


69.   Sitta  canadensis  L.    b  279.  c.  39.  r  tf2. 
Red-bellied  Nut-hatch. 

60.  Sitta  pusilla  Lath,    b  280.  c.  40.  r  cs. 

Browu-beaded  Nut-hatch. 

61.  Sitta  pygmaea  Vig.    b  28I.  C4i.  rm. 

Pygmy  Nut-hatch. 

62.  Certhia  familiaris  L.    b  275.  c  42.  r  55. 

Brown  Creeper. 

63.  Campylorhynchns  brunneicapiUus  (Lafr.)  Gr.    b  202.  c  43.  r  B6. 

Browu-headed  Cactus  Wren. 

64.  Campylorhynchus  aflanis  Bd.    b  — .  c  44.  r  57. 

St.  Lucas  Cactus  Wren. 

65.  Salpinctes  obsoletus  (Say)  Cab.    b  204.  c  45.  r  ss. 

liock  Wren. 

66.  Catherpes  mexicanus  (Sw.)  Bd.    b  203.  c  — .  r  59.  (!M) 

Caiion  Wren. 


59. 


60. 


61.    S 


63. 


63. 


64. 
65. 

66. 


S.  c5-nad-gn'-sls.  Latinized  from  Canadian.  —  Nuthatch  is  nut-liatcher  or  nut-hacker  (Fr. 
hacher,  Swed.  hticku),  tlie  bird  tliat  haclcs,  pecks,  nuts;  also  called  nut-jobber,  to  /o6 
being  to  peck,  or  tlirust  at. 

S.  pQ-sil'-ia  [puceellah,  not  pewzillerj.  Lat.  pusillim,  petty,  puerile ;  directly  formed  from 
putr,  pusus,  or  ptisiu  (Gr.  jrojs),  a  boy ;  here  and  connnonly  used  simply  as  signifying 
small.  The  Sanskrit  root  reappears  in  endless  forms  of  kindred  meaning, 
pyg-mae'-a.  Gr.  Truyni),  the  fist ;  hence  irvyfiaws,  Lat.  pyijtmtus,  a  pygmy,  fistling,  or 
tom-lhumb.  As  a  measure  of  length,  from  elbow  to  clenciied  list,  a  itvyn-h  was  about 
104  inches  ;  the  original  Pygmies  were  a  race  of  African  dwarfs  at  war  with  the  Cranes ; 
pi/ymiLits  came  afterward  to  mean  any  thing  pygmy,  dwarfed,  and  is  here  ai)plicd  to  a 
very  small  nut-hatch.    Compare  Machetes  pmjmij;  No.  (KO. 

Cer'-thI-5  f5m-ll-l-a'-rls.  Gr.  Kfpdios,  Lat.  cirlliius,  become  later  certhia.  The  name 
occurs  in  Aristotle,  who  apparently  uses  it  for  this  very  species,  which  he  also  calls 
Kvtvo\6yos,  rtiipoliHjHs ;  that  is  to  say,  a  gatlierer  of  insects  ;  Kvltft,  a  bug,  and  \tyu,  I  col- 
lect.—  JM.  familian's,  familiar,  domestic,  hence  common;  J'amilia,  or  older_/awii/ias,  the 
family,  the  household. 

Cam-pJ>-16-rhyn'-chQs  brun-nei-cSp-Il'-liSs  [broonaycapecUus].  Gr.  KoyuTriJAos,  bent,  from 
KdfxvTw,  I  bond  ;  and  pvyxos  (rhynclius),  beak.  —  Lat.  bniimciis,  brown  ;  capillus,  hair.  The 
adjective  brunneus  is  post-classic,  Latinized  from  It.  hnino,  ¥r.  Imiii,  Germ,  braui: ;  A.  S. 
hi/rnan,  to  burn  ;  related  are  hrami,  brunt,  and  many  similar  words,  among  them  brant ;  see 
licrniihi,  No.  TOO. 

C.  af-fin'-!s  laffeon'is],  Lat.  njfinls,  i.  c,  ad  and  Jinis,  at  the  end  of,  hence  bordering  on, 
neighboring ;   here  in  tin-  sense  of  related  to,  resembling,  having  nj/niilij  with.  No.  03. 

Sal-pinc'-tes  ob-sa-le'-tfls.  Gr.  craAiri7«T^i,  a  trumpeter,  becoming  in  Latin  salpinctes,  from 
(rrfAiri7{  (salpig.\==  salpinx),  a  trumpet ;  in  allusion  to  the  bird's  loud,  ringing  song. — 
Lat.  obsoletus,  unaccustomed,  from  oh,  against,  and  soleo,  I  am  wont ;  hence  obsolete,  in 
sense  of  effaced,  all  the  colors  of  the  bird  being  dull.  —  Wren  is  A.  S.  verenna. 

C5th-Sr'-p5s  mSx-I-ca'-nQs.  Gr.  KafltpTr^i,  a  creeper;  KaBipvw,  I  creep  down,  from  KarA, 
down,  iind  tpiru,  I  creep,  crawl.  The  stem  of  the  word  is  seen  in  herpes,  the  disease 
which  creeps  over  the  skin  ;  herpetoXoify ,  the  science  of  creeping  things,  reptiles  ;  repto  or 
rcpo,  I  creep,  in  Latin,  siniply  altered  from  fpir«.  —  Lat.  mexicanus,  see  No.  28. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


$1 


67.  Catherpes  mexican  as  conspersus  Ridg.    b  — .  c  46.  r  59a. 

Speckled  Caiion  Wren. 

68.  Thryothorus  ludovicianus  (Gra.)  Bp.    b  2(55.  r  47.  r  co. 

Carolina  Wren. 

69.  Thryothorus  ludovicianus  miamiensis  Ridg.    u  — .  0  — .  r  go6. 

Floridan  Wren. 

70.  Thryothorus  ludovicianus  berlandieri  (Couch)  Coues.  b  2(jc.  c 47a.  r  coa. 

Texan  Wren. 

71.  Thryothorus  bewicki  (And.)  Bp.    b  207.  c  48.  r  61. 

Bewick's  Wren. 

72.  Thryothorus  bewicki  leucogaster  Bd.    b  — .  c  48a.  r  6I6. 

Wiiite-bellied  Wren. 

73.  Thryothorus  bevAcki  spilurus  (Vig.)  Bd.    b  — .  C486.  R6ia.  (?) 

Speckled-tailed  Wren. 

74.  Troglodytes  domesticus  (Bartr.)  Couea.     B  270,  272.  c  49.  R  C3. 

House  Wren. 

75.  Troglodytes  domesticus  parkmani  (Aud.)  Coues.    B271.  C49a.  R63o. 

Western  House  Wren. 


68. 


69. 
70. 
71. 
72. 


67.  C  m.  con-sp5r'-sQs.  Lat.  conspersus,  speckled ;  perfect  participle  of  cnnsperrjo,  from  con 
and  s/;«)Y/o  (Gr.  vtrdpu),  I  strew,  scatter,  sprinkle  ;  whence  English  nimrse,  scattered,  and 
many  other  words,  as  disperse,  aspersion.  —  The  Span,  canon,  brutalized  as  Eng.  canyon,  is 
constantly  used  in  the  West  for     rocky  gorge  or  mountain-pass. 

Thry-8-tho'-rQs  lu-do-vI-cI-a'-nQs.  Or.  epiov,  a  reed,  rush,  and  Oovpos,  a  leaping,  spring- 
ing, from  {eSpa,),  0ptiaK(o,  I  run  or  rush  tiirougli.  The  penult  is  marked  long,  as  equiv.a- 
lent  to  Gr.  oO.  —  Lat.  Liuloviciana,  Louisiana,  of  or  relating  to  rMloriciis,  Louis  (XIV., 
of  France).     The  old  Territory  was  vastly  more  extensive  than  the  present  State  is. 

T.  1.  mI-5-mI-en'-sIs.     LaHnizcd  from  the  name  of  the  Miami  river  in  Florida. 

T.  1.  b6r-15n'-dl-er-i.    To  Dr.  Louis  Berlandier,  a  naturalist,  sometime  resident  in  Mexico. 

T.  be'-wTck-i.     To  Thomas  Bewick,  "  the  father  of  wood-engraving." 

T.  b.  Ieu-c6-gas'-ter  [lewco-|.  Gr.  \fv,c6s,  white,  and  yaariip,  stomach,  belly;  whence 
F^nglish  gastric,  gastronomy. 

73.  T.  b.  spll-u'-rfls.    Gr.  o-jr/Aor,  spotted  ;  oSpa,  tail. 

74.  Trog-W'-dy-tes  [-tace]  dem-es'-tl-cQs.     Gr.  rpwyXoUrvs,  a  cave-dweller,  from  Tpd,y\v,  a 

cave  (literally,  a  hole  iiiiule  l.y  gnawing  —  Tpci7a.,  I  gnaw),  and  Sirvs,  .an  inhabitant, 
from  Suva,  or  Uu,  I  go  in  or  inider.  The  TpwyhMrat  or  Troqiod ijhe  were  a  cave-dwelling 
people  of  ^Ethiopia.  The  name  was  later  applied  to  a  kind  of  wren.  — Lat.  domesticus, 
domestic,  from  domns,a.  house.  — The  specific  name  f,7'V/»».  applied  by  Yieillot  to  this 
bird,  is  the  Gr.  ar)h<iv,  a  songster,  par  excellence  the  nightingale;  from  aeiSa,  I  sing.  — The 
pronunciation  of  Trof/lodi/ies  wavers  ;  we  mark  it  as  commonly  heard,  and  also  as  seems  to 
be  defensible,  in  Latin,  the  penult  being  indubitably  short;  though  to  do  so  violates  one 
of  the  leading  principles  of  Greek  accentuation,  that  no  word  with  the  ultimate  long 
is  a  proparoxytone.  Many  persons  say  Tro(j'lodfi"tes,  conformably  with  English  Trog'- 
lodyte".  The  case  is  precisely  parallel  with  that  of  Lopho'phaiii-s,  q.  v..  No.  40;  and  the 
analogy  of  ArisMphanes  is  not  decisive,  the  Greek  being  ' kpurTo<pivns  or  'Aptarotpaults, 
not  'Api(rTd(pov7)s. 

75.  T.  d.  park'-m5n-I.     To  Dr.  George  Parkman,  of  Boston,  murdered  by  Professor  John  W. 

Webster,  in  1849. 


'jl'l!"^ 


32 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


76.  Anorthura  troglodytes  hiemalis  (WiU.)  Coucs.    B  273.  c  60.  R  65. 

winter  Wren. 

77.  Anorthura  troglodytes  pacificus  (Bd.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  r  660.  (?) 

Western  Winter  Wren. 

78.  Anorthura  troglodytes  alascensis  (Bd.)  Cones,    b — .  c  50a.  R66. 

Alaskan  Winter  Wren. 

79.  Telmatodytes  palustris  (Bartr.)  Cab.    b  268.  c  51.  r  67. 

Long-billed  Marsh  Wren. 

80.  Telmatodytes  palustris  paludicola  Bd.    b  — .  c  — .  r  67o.  (?) 

Tule  Marsh  Wren. 

81.  Cistothorus  stellaris  (Licht.)  Cab.    b  269.  c  52.  r  68. 

Short-billed  Marsh  Wren. 

82.  Eremophila  alpestris  (L.)  Boie.    b  302.  c  53.  r  300. 

Horned  Lark;  Shore  Lark. 

83.  Eremophila  alpestris  leucolaema  Coucs.    b  — .  c  536.  r  sooa.  (?) 

Western  Shore  Lark. 

84.  Eremophila  alpestris  chrysolsema  (Wagl.)  Bd.    b  — .  c  53a.  r  300c. 

Southern  Shore  Lark. 


l; 


li 


76.  An-5r-thu'-ra  tr6g-l6'-dy-t5s  hl-fim-a'-lls.     Or.  i.  or  iv,  privative,  opflrfy,  straiglit,  oZpa, 

tail.  The  name  was  invcntcil  by  Keniiie,  because  lie  considered  Troi]lodijles  etymologi- 
cally  inapplicable  to  a  wren.  —  Lat.  hiemalis  or  hijemalis,  of  or  pertaining  to  winter ;  from 
(hiemps)  hiems  or  hi/ems,  winter,  a  weakened  form  of  the  Gr.  x^'M"'  «  gusiiing,  a  torrent, 
or  x«/"^>'i  '''c  rainy,  tempestuous,  or  winter  season ;  Skr.  Iiiina,  snow.  We  oftener  use 
the  y  than  the  i,  but  the  latter  is  correct. 

77.  A.  t.  pa-cl'-ft-ctis.    Lat. /)aci/j''"s,  pacific,  peaceful,  literally  peace-making,  from  pax,  geni- 

tive pads,  peace,  anHfacio,  I  make,  do.  The  application  i.s  to  the  occurrence  of  the  bird 
on  the  west  coast  of  the  United  States. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List.     (Baird,  Rev.  Am.  B.,  i,  1804,  p.  145.) 

78.  A.  t.  I-l3s-cSn'-sTs.     Alascensis,  relating  to  Alaska. 

79.  Tel-m5-t6'-dy-tes  pal-us'-trls.    Gr.  tjA^o,  genitive  xeA^aToj,  a  marsh  or  swamp;  SiJrris,  an 

inhabitant,  from  Sva>,  I  go  in  or  under.  —  Lat.  palustris,  adjective  from  palus,  a  marsh, 
whenf'o  palustrine,  like  lacustrine  from  lams,  marine  from  mare. 

80.  T.  p.  pSl-u-dl'-cJhlS.    Lat.  pains,  genitive  paludis,  a  marsh;  and  {in)cola,  an  inhabitant. 

See  No.  79. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  tlie  Check  List.     (Baird,  Rev.  Am.  B.,  i,  1864,  p.  148.) 

81.  Cis-t6-th5'-rtSs  stel-la'-rls.    Gr.  Kiaros.  a  shrub,  an<l  Bovpos,  from  {edpu)  9piLaK«,  I  run  or 

rush  through  ;  compare  Tlin/olliorits,  No.  08.  Calmnis,  who  coined  the  word  in  1850,  gives 
Cifldd)lupfcr  as  the  German  translation.  Lat.  stellaris,  stellar,  starry,  adjective  from  stella, 
a  star,  like  aster,  Gr.  io-r^p  ;  here  in  the  sense  of  speckled. 

83.    Er-6-m6'-ph!-l5  al-p5s'-trls.     Gr.  iprjuos,  a  desert;   tpiK^w,  I  love.  —  Lat.  Alpestris  (not 
classic),  from  Alpes,  Alps  ;  perhaps  from  aK<p6s,  albus,  white  ;  that  is,  snowy. 

83.  E.  a.  leQ-cfi-IaS'-mS.    Gr.  \fvK6s,  white ;  \aifi6s,  the  throat. 

This  is  a  slight  variety,  lately  described  by  Coues  from  the  high  central  plains ;  it  is 
the  bleached  form  of  that  region.     (B.  N.  W.,  1874,  p.  38.) 

84.  E.  a.  chry-sfi-lae'-mS.    Gr.  xpi<f*of>  golden ;  that  is,  of  a  golden  color,  from  XP*>'^*!  8<>I<^  i 

and  Aoi;u<Ji,  the  throat.  —  A.  S.  la/erc,  Scot,  laverock;  Germ.  lerdje,  Eng.  lark. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


88 


85.  Alauda  arvensis  L.    b  — .  c  — .  R  299.  (!E.) 

European  Skylark. 

86.  Motacilla  alba  L.    b  — .  c  — .  r  go.  (g.) 

White  Wagtail. 

87.  Budytes  flavus  (L)  Gr.    B  — .  c  M.  R  70. 

Yellow  Wagtail. 

88.  Anthus  pratensis  (L.)  Bcchst.    B  — .  c  anbu.  r  72.  (!r.) 

Meadow  Pipit. 

89.  Anthus  ludovicianus  (Gm.)  Licht.    B  lor..  c  55.  R  71. 

Ijouisiana  I'ipit;  American  Titlark. 

00.  Neocorys  spraguii  (And.)  Kd.    b  lec.  c  oc.  r  73. 

Missouri  Skylark;  Spruguc's  Tipit. 


in  inhabitant. 


85.  A-lau'-dS  ar-v5n'-sls.    Lat.  alaiidn,  a  larlt,  said  to  be  literally  "  a  great  songstress,"  or  one 

wlio  sings  on  liigli;  from  tlie  Celtic  al,  great,  liigli,  and  ami,  song.  Some  say  from  (ir. 
iAij,  roaming,  and  uS-ii,  song ;  i.  e.  the  bird  tliat  sings  as  she  soars.  The  form  of  tlie 
word  might  suggest  tila,  wing,  and  laiis,  genitive  laudi:.,  praise;  as  if  the  bird  sang  praises 
on  wing.  But  tlie  Celtic  is  the  only  tenable  etymon.  —  Lat.  arvensis,  relating  to  a 
plougiied  field;  arcum,  arable  land;  arvits  for  armis,  ploughed;  aro,  I  plougii. 
Not  in  the  orig.  ed.    Said  to  occur  in  Greenland,  Alaska,  and  the  Bermudas. 

86.  M5-t5-cil'-15  al'-bS.    Lat.  motacilla  =  wagtail,  "  iiiiod  semper  caiidam  rnovet,"  early  applied 

to  some  small   bird ;    Lat.    moveo,  motiis,  I   move,  motion,  and  Gr.   KiWai   of  similar 
gignifieation.    There  is  a  Greek  word  KiWoupos,  for  the  wagtail ;  on  the  contrary  there 
arc  the  Lat.  alliicilla,  ulricilla,  meaning  white-tail,  black-tail,  &c.      The  implication  in 
either  ease  seems  to  be  tail,  considered  as  a  movable  part.    Compare  Vv.  hochequeuc. 
Not  in  the  orig.  ed.    The  species  is  North  American  only  as  occurring  in  Greenland. 

87.  BQ'-dy-t5s  fla'-viis.    Bixh/irs  is  an  unknown  word  to  us,  unless  conjectured  to  be  Sirris, 

with  the  augmentative  particle  fiov-.  See  Trmjhdijles,  No.  74.  The  particle  fiov,  however, 
Is  from  /Sous,  a  bull,  o.\,  cow,  and  becomes  "  augmentative,"  just  as  we  say  "  horse-laugh," 
"bull-finch,"  "elephant-folio,"  &c.,  being  therefore  of  obvious  inapplicability  to  this  deli- 
cate little  bird. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  Air.  Henry  T.  "Wharton,  of  London,  has  kindly  replied 
to  queries  respecting  various  words  of  which  we  were  in  doubt.  In  this  case,  his  MS. 
confirms  the  above  etymology,  but  in  a  different  application;  the  actual  form,  /3oi;Suttjs, 
being  found  in  "  Opj).,  I.\.  ;5.  2,"  for  some  small  binl ;  qit.,  one  that  goes  among  cattle  '>. 

There  is  some  question  whether  the  yellow  wagtail  of  Alaska  be  the  true  lljlavns. 

83.    An'-thus  pra-ten'-sls.     Lat.  nnlhis,  Gr.  Scfloi,  a  kind  of  bird.  —  Lat.  prtttrnsit,  adjective  from 
pratiim,  a  meadow.     For  authiis,  compare  itnanihe  =  vilijlora,  under  Sarirohi,  No.  2(i. 
This  is  North  Aniericnii  as  found  in  Greenland,  and  said  to  also  occur  in  Alaska. 

89.  A.  lu-do-vI-cI-a'-nOs.     Lat.  f.ndorlnis,  nom.  prop.     See  Thripthonis,  No.  08.     ripit,  little 

iised  in  this  country,  though  always  said  for  these  birds  in  Kngland,  is  an  onomatop<eia 
(ovo/ioToiroifa,  word-making  to  express  the  sense  by  the  sound),  like  the  Lat.  jiipio,  I  pip, 
peep,  chirp;  see  I'Ipiln,  No.  ;501.  Titlark  is  good  English  for  a  small  kind  of  lark,  like 
<iV-mouse,  Xm\\4it ;  tit  in  all  its  forms,  and  with  numerous  related  words,  conveying  the 
sense  of  something  little  or  otherwise  insignificant. 

90.  Ne-8'-c6-rj?s  spra'-gu!-i  [three  syllables].     Gr.  vios,  new;    Kopus,  primarily  a  helmet; 

hence  applied  to  the  crested  lark. — To  Isaac  Spraguc,  companion  of  Audubon  on  the 
Missouri. 


84 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


01.   Mniotilta  varia  (L.)  V.    b  107.  c  87.  R  74. 

Black-and-white  Creopor. 

92.  Mniotilta  varia  borealis  (Nutt.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  R  74a.  (?) 

Small-billed  Creeper. 

03.  Parula  americana  (L.)  Bp.    b  ics.  c  58.  R  88. 

Blue  Yollow-backod  Warbler. 

04.  Parula  nigrilora  Coucs.    b  — .  c  — .  r  89a. 

Sennett's  Warbler. 

05.  Protonotaria  citrea  (Gm.)  Bd.    b  igo.  c  59.  r  75. 

Prothonotary  Warbler. 

06.  Helmintherus  vermivorus  (Gm.)  Bp.    b  178.  c  go.  r  77. 

Worm-eating  Warbler. 


:| 


j      iii^li^ 


li 

1' 

i 

91.  Mnl-S-til'-ta  v5r'-I-5.     Or. /uvfox,  mosB,  nnd  riAAa,  I  pluck,  or  TiArrfj,  plucked.     Ncitlier 

the  ortliograpliy  nor  tlie  nppliciibility  of  tlic  word  ia  obvious.  Vicillot  -.vrote  sometimes 
mniotilta,  soiiiutimcs  mniotilla.  Tlie  conjectured  iij)|)lieation  is  to  tlie  weaving  of  moss  into 
a  nest. —  Lat.  varia,  variegated,  as  this  bird  is  witli  black  and  white. 

92.  M.  V.  bOr-e-a'-lIs.    Lat.  borealis,  northern.    See  Phi/lluscopiis,  No.  32. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Clicck  List. 

03.  Pa'-riS-15  5m-6r-l-ca'-n5.  Lat.  pimtUi,  diminutive  from  ]mrus,  a  titmouse,  7.  v.,  No.  44. 
—  Lat.  americana,  American.  America  is  generally  supposed  to  derive  its  name  from 
Amerigo  Vespucci,  Latini/ed  Amcricus  Vcspucius ;  and  is  said  to  have  first  appeared  in 
the  form  of  Ammica  I'lovincin,  on  a  map  published  at  Biisle  in  l.')22.  The  counter-argu- 
ment is :  (1)  The  name  if  from  the  Italian  navigator's  would  have  been  from  his  surname. 
(2)  HJs  nnmo  was  Albcrico  Vespuzio.  (3)  Amcric,  or  Amerique,  is  the  native  name  of 
a  range  of  mountains  in  Nicaragua.  "  It  is  most  plausible  that  the  State  of  Central 
America,  where  we  find  the  name  Americ  signifying  great  mountain,  gave  the  continent 
its  name."  (Blavatsky,  Isis  Unveiled,  i,  p.  f)02.)  The  author  cited  seeks  to  establish  a 
connection  witli  tlie  Hindu  Morn,  or  Meriiah,  of  similar  signification. 

94.  P.  nlg-rl-15'-r5.  Lat.  niijer,  black;  and  lorum,  a  thong,  strap,  a  bridle-rein;  lionco  the 
cheeks,  along  wliich  tlie  bridle  passes.  The  "  lore  "  has  become  in  ornitliology  a  techni- 
cal name  for  a  small  space  on  the  side  of  a  bird's  head  between  the  eye  and  the  bill. 

Not  in  the  first  ed.  of  the  Ciieck  List.    Lately  discovered  in  Te.xas  by  Jlr.  George  B. 
Sennett.    See  Coues,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  1878,  p.  11. 

05.  Pr5-t8-n6-ta'-rI-5  cit'-r6-5.  Low  Latin  for  prothonotary  ;  from  Gr.  irpiiroy,  first,  and  Lat. 
notarius,  a  scribe,  a  notary-public.  The  bird  is  le  Protonoliiire  of  Buffon,  Latinized  by 
Gmelin  na  prolonotariiis  in  1788;  but  for  tlie  name,  as  Pennant  observed  in  1785,  "  the 
reason  has  not  reached  us."  —  Lat.  citrea,  of  or  pertaining  to  the  citron,  in  allusion  to  the 
yellow  color. 

96.  Hel-min-the'-rQs  ver-ml'-vSr-Qs.  Gr.  tA/uivs,  genitive  i\fxtveos,  and  Biipiov,  from  O'fip,  an 
animal.  The  word  is  very  incorrectly  coniimunded.  Its  full  form  is  lielmintholherinm ; 
we  may  perhaps  reduce  it  by  elision  to  helmintherus,  but  helmithcrus,  as  originally  written 
by  Rafinesque,  is  inadmissible.  This  is  the  accepted  derivation;  but  we  may  suggest  a 
short  cut  to  the  same  etymon,  e^p,  an  animal;  iXfiiv6n9i\pas,  a  worm-hunter,  l-ke  t  .2 
actual  opvtdoBiipas,  a  fowler,  in  Aristoph.,  Av.  62 ;  being  t'A/uii'i  and  fl^o,  the  chase,  from 
6ilp;  though  we  hesitate  to  act  upon  this  by  writing  Ilelmintheras.  —  Lat.  vermivorus, 
worm-eating,  from  vermis,  a  worm  (verto,  I  turn,  in  the  sense  of  squirming  or  wriggling) 
and  voro,  I  eat. 


1 


t 


■■'■? 


:} 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


86 


') 


Iced.  Ncitlier 
)te  sometimes 
;  of  moss  into 


7.  v.,  No.  44. 
ts  name  from 
it  appeared  in 
countor-argu- 
11  his  surname, 
ntive  name  of 
te  of  Central 
tlie  continent 
to  establisli  a 

n ;   lience  the 
ojty  a  toL'hni- 
(1  tiie  bill. 
»Ir.  George  B. 

first,  and  Lat. 
Latinized  by 
in  1785,  "  the 
iiusion  to  tlic 

,  from  eiip,  an 
minthulherium ; 
inally  written 
lay  suggest  n 
titer,  I'ke  t  .2 
e  chase,  from 
it.  vermivorus, 
or  wrigglingj 


97.  Helminthenis  swainsoni  (Aud.)  Bp.    d  i7».  C61.  1170. 

Swainson'B  Warbler. 

98.  Helminthophaga  pinus  (L.)  Bd.    b  18O.  c  ca.  r  79. 

Blue-winged  Yellow  Wurbler. 

99.  Helminthophaga  lawrencii  Ilcrrick.    b  — .  c — .  R  so.  (?) 

Lawrence's  Warbler. 

100.  Helminthophaga  leucobronchialis  Brewster,    b  — .  c  — .  r  82.  (?) 

Whlto-throated  Warbler. 

101.  Helminthophaga  cincinnatiensis  Langdon.    b  — .  c  — .  r  — .  (?) 

Cincinnati  Warbler. 

102.  Helminthophaga  chrysoptera  (L.)  Bd.    b  I81.  c  C3.  r  81. 

Blue  GoUlen-wingcd  Warbler. 

103.  Helminthophaga  bachmani  (Aud.)  Cub.    B  182.  c  C4.  R  78. 

Bacliman's  Warbler. 

104.  Helminthophaga  luciae  Coop,    b — .  cos.  r  83. 

Lucy's  Warbler. 

105.  Helminthophaga  virginiae  Bd.    b  — .  cgo.  r  84. 

Virginia's  Warbler. 

106.  Helminthophaga  ruficapilla  (Wils.)  Bd.    b  183.  c  c7.  r  85. 

Nashville  Warbler. 

97.  H.  sw5in'-s8n-i.  To  Wm,  Swainson,  Esq.,  the  celebrated  English  naturalist.  Notice 
that  tills  word,  like  others  containing  tlie  letter  w,  cannot  be  Latinized  without  change ; 
the  nearest  Latin  would  be  sua-ln'-sOni,  in  four  syllables.  See  also  lawrencii,  next  but 
one  below  ;  this  sliould  be  laHren'-cU  or  lat'-ren'-cU.  But  it  is  futile,  finical,  and  pedantic 
to  undertake  sucli  transliterations  in  tlie  cases  of  modern  proper  names. 

HSl-min-th6'-ph5-g5  pi'-niSs.  Gr.  f\fns,  a  worm,  and  <payeTv,  to  oat.  —  Lat.  pimis,  Or. 
irlrvs,  a  pine-tree.  Notice  that  pimis  is  a  substantive,  not  an  adjective  ;  it  may  be  put  in 
the  genitive,  jiiims,  of  a  pine,  but  is  just  as  well  left  nominative. 

H.  iaw-r«n'-cl-i.  To  George  N.  Lawrence,  Esq.,  of  New  York,  long  time  one  of  the  lead- 
ing ornithologists   of  America. 

Not  in  orig.  ed.     Since  described,  Pr.  Phila.  Acad.,  1874,  p.  220,  pi   xv. 

H.  leii-c6-bron-chI-a'-lIs.    Gr.  \(uk6s,  white,  and  0p6yxos,  the  throat;  this  becomes  in 
Latin  hroiic/iiis,  wlionce  the  adjective  In-onrliidlis,  English  brnnrhinl,  hronrhllis,  &c. 
Not  in  orig.  ed.     Since  described,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  i,  1870,  p.  1,  pi. 

H.  cin-cin-n5-tl-5n'-sls.    Of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  discovered. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.    Lately  described  by  V.  W.  Langdon,  in  Jonrn.  Cine.  Soc.  Nat. 
Hist.,  ii,  July,  1880,  p.  119,  and  Bull.  Nuttall  Club,  v,  October,  1880,  p.  208.  pi.  iv. 

H.  chry-sop'-t6-r5.    Gr.  xpuaoitTfpos,  golden-winged,  from  xpv^s,  gold,  and  irrepdv,  wing. 

H.  b5ch'-m5n-i.  To  Rev.  John  Bachman,  D.D.,  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  collaborator  with 
Audubon  in  the  "  Quadrupeds  of  North  America." 

H.  Iu'-cl-a5.    To  Miss  Lucy  Baird,  daughter  of  Professor  S.  F.  Baird. 

H.  vir-gln'-l-ae.  To  Mrs.  Virginia  Anderson,  wife  of  Dr.  W.  W.  Anderson,  who  discov- 
ered the  bird. 

1 06.    H.  ru-fl-c5p-il'-15.    Lat.  riifu.i,  reddish,  and  capillus,  hair  of  the  head.     See  Pans,  No.  44. 


0S. 

99. 
100. 
101. 

102. 
103. 

104. 
105. 


80 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEBIC  AN  BIRDS. 


V\\ 


107.  Helminthophaga  celata  (Say)  Bd.    b  184.  c  C8.  R  so. 

OniiiKO-cruwuod  Wurblor. 

108.  Helminthophaga  celata  lutescens  Ridg.    b — .  c  csa.  u  son. 

Ptu'lUc  OruuKO-i*  row  lied  Wurblor. 

109.  Helminthophaga  peregriua  (Wils.)  Cub.    b  iso.  c  co.  r  S7. 

Teuiicsseo  Wurbler. 

110.  Peucedraraus  olivaceus  (Olr.)  Coues.    b  — .  c  — .  r  92. 

Olivo  Warbler. 

111.  DendrcBca  aestiva  (Gm.)  Bd.    b  203.  c  7o.  r  93. 

Summer  M'arblor. 

112.  Dendrceca  virens  (dm.)  Bd.    b  iso.  c  71.  R  107. 

Blttck-th routed  Circoii  Wurbler. 

113.  DendrcBca  occidentalis  (Tuwns.)  Bd.    b  i90.  c  72.  rio9. 

Western  Wurbler. 

114.  DendrcEca  townsendi  (Niitt.)  Bd.    b  191.  c  73.  r  los. 

Townseud's  Wurbler. 


107.  H.  c8-lS'-tI.    Lat.  cc/(ifi/s,  concealcil,  f n  .n  c«/o ;  tlic  orange  color  of  thu  crown  being  hidden. 

108.  H.  c.  lu-t5s'-cSns.     Lat.  inceptive  verb  lutenco,  present  participle  lutescens,  from  liiteKs, 

yellow  ;  from  liitiim,  an  herb  used  in  dyeing  yellow.  There  i.s  ai^tiially  no  such  verb  as 
luli'sco,  the  describcr  of  the  species  having  apparently  mistaken  lutism,  I  grow  muddy, 
become  miry,  for  a  supposed  lulcsi-o,  I  grow  yellow,  by  some  confounding  of  liiteus, 
muddy,  loamy  {hence  possibly  clay-colored  or  yellowish)  with  liiiina,  golden-yellow.  The 
bright  yi'llownes.s  of  the  bird  in  comparison  with  //.  alu/n  being  its  prime  characteristic, 
the  propriety  of  assuming  the  tlerivation  to  be  from  tutuiii,  and  lieitcc  writing  lutescens, 
from  a  supposed  lutrsio,  is  obvious. 

A  form  lately  distinguished  by  Ridgway,  Am.  Journ.  Sei.,  .3d  scr.,  iv,  1872.  p.  457. 

109.  H.  pgr-i-gri'-nS.    Lat.  peregrinus,  wandering,  alien,  e.xotic,  that  comes  from  foreign  parts  ; 

from  })er,  through,  and  wjer,  a  field  or  land  ;  literally,  "  across  country." 

110.  Peu-ce'-dr5-mi5s  fil-I-va'-cC-tSs.      Gr.  irtvicri,  a  pine-tree,  and  Spa/ufrc,  2d  aorist  infinitive, 

from  Tpf'xtti,  I  run.    Tlie  allusion  is  to  the  pine  creejiing  habits  of  the  bird.     N.  B.   Many 
genera  are  compounded  from  the  same  root,  and  spelled  either  ■(Intiiiiis  or  -ilromiis.    Either 
is  correct.  —  Lat.  olirareus,  pertaining  to  the  olive;  in  tiiis  case,  in  color,  oliraceous. 
Not  in  the  orig.  ed.     Since  discovered  in  Arizona  by  IL  W.  ileuiihaw. 

111.  D5n-droe'-c5  ags-ti'-v5  [diiyndrwaykah  aystcevah].     Gr.   SfvSpov,   a  tree,  and  oikcoi,  I 

inhabit  ;  oIkos,  a  habitation.  The  word  was  originally  compounded  Ihmlroica  by  G.  R. 
Gray  :  later  emended  as  above.  The  fidl  form  would  bo  Di'iidrwcelis,  like  PottciOs, 
Neiihircelfs  (oiwtjt^s,  an  inliabit.'int).  —  Lat.  a'Klirn,  adjective  from  (ruins,  the  summer 
season  ;  (cstus,  heat,  ardor  (Gr.  atdw,  I  burn).     Notice  the  long  accented  penult. 

112.  D.  vir'-ens  [pronounced  virraynce].    Lat.  virens,  participle  present  of  rirro,  T  grow  green. 

113.  D.  8c-cl-den-ta'-ll3.     Lat.  occidentalis,  occidental,  western;  that  is,  in  the  place  where  the 

sun  sets  ;  from  occido,  I  fall  down. 

1 14.  D.  town'-sgnd-I.    To  J.  K.  Townsend,  Esq.,  companion  of  Nuttall   during  his  travels. 

The  first  syllable  of  this  word  represents  the  exact  pronunciation  of  Latin  au  diphthong 
—  like  English  ow;  as  if  we  made  it  W-fin-. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOllTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


87 


being  Iiidilcn. 

from  luteiix, 
suuli  verb  iis 
ijrow  muddy, 
ling  of  iStcus, 
■yellow.  The 
Imraetoristic, 
iting  lutcsceiis, 

1872.  p.  457. 
orelgn  parts ; 

rist  infinitive, 
N.  B.   Many 
oiniis.    Either 
rareous. 

and  oiKfai,  I 
oica  by  (J.  U. 
like  PiMto'Us, 

the  summer 
nult. 

grow  green. 

ice  where  the 

X  his  travels. 
au  diphthong 


116.  Dendroeca  chrysoparla  Scl.  &  Snlv.    n  — .  c  74.  n  100. 

Guldon-choekod  Warbler. 

116.  Dondrceca  nigrescens  (Towns.)  lid.    n  192.  c  7B.  r  10a. 

Illiu-k-throutod  Gray  Warblor. 

117.  Dendrceca  ccerulescens  (L.)  Bd.    b  193.  c  70.  r  04. 

Illaek-throatol  Blue  Warbler. 

118.  Dondrceca  ccsrulea  (Wils.)  Bd.    B201.C77  Rus 

('ooruleaii  Warbler. 

119.  Dendroeca  coronata  (L.)  Gr.  b  194.  c  78.  r  95. 

Yellow-runiped  Warbler. 

120.  Dendrceca  auduboni  (Towns.)  Bd.    b  195.  c  79.  r  96. 

Audubon's  Warbler. 

121.  Dendrceca  blackburnae  (Gm.)  Bd.    b  196.  c  so.  r  102. 

Blackburn's  Warblor. 

123.  Dendrceca  striata  (Forst.)  Bd.    B  202.  c  81.  r  101. 

Black-poll  Warbler. 

123.  Dendroeca  castanea  (Wils.)  Bd.    b  197.  c  82.  r  100. 

Bay-breasted  Warbler. 


115.    D 

118.    D. 
117.    D. 


118.  D. 

119.  D. 

120.  D. 

121.  D. 

122.  D. 

123.  D. 


.  chry-s6-p5r-i'-5.  Gr.  xpvri',  gold,  and  waptid,  cheek.  Greek  diphthong  u  bocomps 
long  1  in  Latin :  hence,  -parla,  not  -pareia;  see  also  beyond,  among  the  names  of  pigeons 
ending  in  -/x/iu. 

nlg-res'-cSns.  Lat.  nigresco,  I  grow  black;  an  inceptive  verb,  present  participle 
tili/resreiis,  equivalent  to  being  blackish,  or  partly  black.     See  No.  120. 

coe-rul-es'-cens  [pronounced  sayruliaysaynce].  Lat.  cnrulcsco,  I  grow  blue;  a  coined 
inceptive  verb  from  canulais,  blue;  this  from  calnm,  the  (blue)  sky  ;  compare  Gr.  KOiXoi, 
hollow,  i.  e.,  the  vault  of  heaven,  and  cwlare  or  ctlare,  to  conceal,  as  if  in  a  hollow  place, 
&c.  N.  B.  Tlicre  is  constant  difference  of  orthography:  either  ae-  or  cir-  is  defensible; 
the  former  seems  preferable.  In  English  we  may  write  indifferently  cwrulean,  cctrulean, 
or  cerulean. 

coe-rul'-g-a.    See  last  word. 

c6r-5-na'-t5.  Lat.  comiatus,  crowned,  from  corom,  a  crown,  garland,  or  wreath.  Gr. 
Kopwt/ri. 

aQd'-fl-b6n-i.  To  John  James  Audubon,  "  the  American  backwoodsman;"  as  ho  liked 
to  be  called. 

black'-burn-ae.  To  Mrs.  Blackburn,  an  English  lady.  Commonly  written  hhrl-burnia; 
in  four  syllables,  with  accent  on  the  antepenult ;  more  correctly  as  above.  Diacritical 
marks  are  futile  in  such  a  case  as  this ;  the  English  name  is  never  pronounced  blark- 
boorn,  as  it  would  be  according  to  rule  for  the  quantity  of  the  vowels  in  Latin. 

strl-a'-t5.  Lat.  participial  adjective  from  strio,  I  furrow,  channel,  flute,  groove,  striate, 
stripe  ;  slria,  substantive,  a  furrow,  stripe,  &c. 

cas-tan'-e-5.  Lat.  castanea,  a  chestnut ;  in  allusion  to  the  bay  or  chestnut  color.  The 
word  is  a  noun,  but  is  constantly  used  adjectivally.  Gr.  Ktxaravov,  the  nut  of  Castana,  a 
city  of  Thessaly. 


'^jy^^ 


38 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


:  I 


i  ! 


124.  DendrcBca  pennsylvanica  (L.)  Bd.    b  200.  c  83.  r  99. 

Chestnut-sliled  Warbler. 

125.  DendroBca  maculosa  (Gm.)  Bd.    b  204.  c  84.  11  97. 

Blaek-and- Yellow  Warbler. 

126.  Dendrceca  tigrina  (Gm.)  Bd.    b  206.  c  85.  r  90. 

Cape  May  Warbler. 

127.  Dendrceca  discolor  (V.)  Bd.    b  210.  c  86.  r  114. 

Prairie  Warbler, 

128.  Dendrceca  graciae  Couos.    b  — .  c  87.  r  104. 

Grace's  Warbler. 

129.  Dendrceca  dominica  (L.)  Bd.    b  209.  c  88.  r  io.3. 

Yellow-throated  Warbler. 

130.  Dendrceca  dominica  albilora  Bd.    b  — .  c  ssa.  r  losa. 

Wliite-cheekcd  Warbler. 

131.  Dendrceca  kirtlandi  Bd.    b  205.  c  89.  r  110. 

KIrtland's  Warbler. 

132.  Dendrceca  palmarum  (Gm.)  Bd.    b  208.  c  90.  r  113. 

Yellow  Red-poll  Warbler. 


I  '< 


124.  D.  p8nn-syl-va'-nl-c5.    An  n(!jcctivc  coined  from  gi/lranus,  pylv.in,  this  from  si/Ira,  whicli 

18  sibilati'd  and  dipjaniniated  from  Or.  if\7/=  ((t)vKFi},  a  wood ;  iirecedi'd  by  tlie  name  of 
William  IVnn ;  "I'cnn's  woods."  Tho  modern  use  of  the  //  is  less  eorreet  tlian  /  would 
be.  The  whole  word  would  preferably  be  written  iwnsik-onica,  as  it  is  in  some  ornitho- 
logical works  of  the  last  century. 

125.  D.  mS-cQl-5'-si.    Lat.  maculosiis,  spotted  or  full  of  spots ;  mdcula,  a  spot. 

126.  D.  tlg-ri'-n5.    Lat.  /tV/nHM.s,  striped  (like  a  tiger,  ^V/ns,  Gr.  rlypis).    The  quantity  of  the 

antepenult  is  doubtful,  i)erliaps  connnon.  IJy  ordinary  rule,  it  is  long,  and  Tifiiis  makes 
the  final  spondee  of  some  hexan)eter  lines.  On  the  other  hard,  the  coirbination  of  a 
mute  or  y  and  a  liquid  does  not  n.cessarily  lengthen  a  preceding  vowel  in  j)rose ;  and 
some  other  combinations  of  consonants  also  permit  the  vowel  to  remain  short,  in  eases 
of  (Jreek  words,  as  Cijrniis  or  ('ijiimis.  We  leave  it  short,  as  usually  heard.  —  /'cn'.swi- 
glnsun,  a  generic-  name  now  often  used  for  this  species,  is  the  Gr.  wfpia-aos  and  yXucrna,  in 
allusion  to  the  peculiarity  of  the  laciniate  tongue. 

127.  D.  dis'-cfll-6r.    Lat.  (liscolnr  (post-classic),  party K'olored  ;  opposed  to  coiicnior,  whole-colored. 

128.  D.  gri'-cI-aS.    To  Mrs.  Charles  A.  Page,  h^c   Grace  Darling  Cones,  the  author's  sister. 

Would  more  oirictly  be  written  ijratiic  (Lat.  (]rat!a,  grace,  favor,  thanks). 

129.  D.  dfim-Tn'-I-c5.    Lat.  dominicus,  relating  to  the  lord  or  master  of  the  household,  domiima  ; 

(lom)is,  a.  house.  So,  to  domiimte,  to  have  dominion.  The  application  is  here  to  the  West 
Indian  island  named  originally  Ilayti,  then  San  Domingo.  The  bird  was  early  described 
from  that  locality. 

130.  D.  d.  Jl-bT-l6'-r5.    Lat.  albii.i,  white,  and  lonim,  the  lore  or  cheek.     See  Pnnila,  No.  04. 

131.  D.  kirt'-land-i.    To  Dr.  .Tared  1'.  Kirtland,  of  t)hio.    Sec  remarks  under /).  WdrWjHnio!. 

132.  D.  pal-mS'-rQm.    Lat.  palmarum,  of  the  palms,  genitive  plural  ot  imhna,  a  palm. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


39 


133.  Dendrceca  palmarum  hypochrysea  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  r  nsa.  (?) 

Yellow-bellied  Red-poll  Wurbler. 

134'.  Dendrceca  pinus  (liartr.)  Bd.    b  ids.  c  oi.  r  hi. 

Pine-creeping  Warbler. 

135.  biunis  auricapillus  (L.)  Sw.    b  isg.  c  92.  r  iis. 

Golden-crowned  Thrush. 

136.  Siurus  nsevius  (liodd.)  Coues.    B  i87.  c  93.  r  lie. 

Water  Thrush. 

137.  Siurus  naevius  notabilis  Grimiell.    b  — .  c  — .  r  nca.  (?) 

Wyoming  Water  Thrush. 

138.  Siurus  motacilla  (V.)  Bp.    b  188.  c  94.  R  in. 

Large-billed  Water  Thrush. 

139.  Oporornis  agilis  (Wils.)  Bd.    b  174.  c  95.  r  iis. 

Connecticut  Warbler. 

140.  Oporornis  formosa  (Wils.)  Bd.    b  its.  c  96.  r  119. 

Kentucky  Warbler. 


134. 
135. 


133.  D.  p.  hy-po-chry  -s6-5.  Gr.  M,  becoming  Lat.  hypo-,  under,  below,  beneath,  and  xpi<r^o,, 
gohU-n;  rofernnj,'  to  tl.c  un.lor  parts  of  tl.is  variety,  whiel.  are  yellower  than  tl.oso  of 
palmarum.  I  roperly,  %,„.  in  such  connection  sin.ply  diminishes  the  force  of  the  A^^i,. 
Uy^-/,;,poln,cus.  h/porhn/seus,  meaning  whit/./,,  yellow/.s/, ;  but  the  present  is  an  estab- 
lished usage  m  ornithology. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.- Since  described  by  Ridgway,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  i,  1870,  p.  84. 

D.  pi'-niis.     See  Ildminthophaga  pinus,  No.  08. 

Si-Q'-rils  aur-I-c3p-n'.liSs.    Gr.  tr./o,.  I  wave  or  brandish,  and  olpa,  tail.    The  word  is  pre- 
cisely equivalent  to  I.at.  motarilla,  I.>ench  la>ch„pm,e,  English  u-a,,U,iL      It  was  originally 

1«77   "'ooT  «r"',"""""'^  •"'""  '"■'"'""  •'''''■"'■'"•    <^^'^^  ^""^'«>  «""■  ^'"«""  <^l»l'.  ii.  •'"•  i 
, ;  •  ''■,'.'  ,   '-' ""''''''  *'"' ' '""«  ""  "-epresenting  (>.  ».  -  Lat.  anvum,  gold,  an.l  capiHus,  hair : 
golden-haired.    (See  Coues,  ibid.,  p.  ;J0.)    S..  also  l.ophaphau.s,  No.  42.  and  PaL,  No.  44. 

S.  nag-vI-iSs.    Lat.  mrvus,  a  birth-mark,  nevus,  or  spot ;  whence  mvvius,  so  marked  or  in 
general,  spotted  in  any  way.  .      .  '" 

S.  n.  na-t5'-bl-lls.    I,at.  mtahilis,  notable,  from  uota,  a  note,  and  the  ferniinalion  -W,\- 

Not  m  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Che-'k  List.     Later  described  by  It.  Ridgway,  from  Grin- 
nell  s  .M.S.,  m  IV.  Xat.  Mus.,  ii.  1880,  p.  12.     Very  doubtful. 
S.  mo-ta-cil'-ia.     See  Mtytarilla,  No.  80. 

Op-5r-5r'-nIs  S'-gl-lIs.  Gr.  i^uipa.  the  autumn,  ami  «>„„,  a  bird  ;  in  allusion  to  the  abun- 
<lanee  of  the  .species  in  the  fall,  in  comparison  with  its  scan-ity  in  tiie  spring.  -  Lat.  «.////.,, 
agile  from  ,,,;,,,  I  act ;  literally,  do-able.  that  is.  act-ive;  the  a.ljectival  termination  being 
simply  ai>plie.l  to  the  root  of  the  verb,  both  in  Latin  and  Knglish. 
140.  O.  f5r-m8'-s5.  Lat.. /;.■,»<«,,,  beautiful ;  primitively,  in  the  sen.se  of  shapely,  well-formed. 
m  good  or  full  proportion;  fornu,,  form.  So  said  of  Juno,  in  whose  "lofty  mind" 
renuimed  ;,«/„:,„,«  /'„,/,//,,  ^pnUvque  injuria  Jhnmr,  h.  e.,  of  her  slighted  beauta.     Verg., 


136. 
137. 

138. 
139. 


n 


mw 


40 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


i     I'l,.! 


11 


141.  Geothlypis  trichas  (L.)  Cab.    b  no.  c  97.  R  122. 

Maryland  Yellow-throat. 

142.  Geothlypis  Philadelphia  (Wils.)  Bd.    B  172.  c  98.  R  120. 

Mourning  Warbler. 

143.  Geothlypis  macgillivrayi  (And.)  Bd.    b  173.  c  99.  r  121. 

Miu-gilllvray's  Warbler. 

144.  loteria  virens  (L.)  Bd.    b  i76.  c  100.  r  123. 

Yellow-breasted  Chat. 

145.  Icteria  virens  longicauda  (Lawr.)  Coues.    b  177.  c  looa.  r  i23a. 

Long-tailed  Chat. 

146.  Myiodioctes  mitratus  (Gm.)  And.    B  211.  c  101.  R  124. 

Hooded  Flycatching  Warbler, 


141 .  Ge-5th'-ly-pls  trlch'-5s.    Gr.  7^  or  yfa,  the  cartli,  and  QKuiris,  "  a  proper  name."  —  Gr.  Spi'J, 

genitive  rpix^s,  hair;  there  is  also  the  actual  word  rpixoi,  for  some  kind  of  a  thrush, 
occurring  in  Aristotle.  Some  take  tlie  rptxas  of  Aristotle  to  be  the  bird  named  by 
Linnwus  Tardus  pilaris,  i.  e.,  the  hairy  thrusii ;  but  Sundevall  reasonably  identifies  it 
with  T.  inusiciis.  Of  course  it  had  originally  nothing  to  do  with  the  present  species,  to 
which  Linnaeus  applied  the  term  triclias  in  17G0. — Cabanis  coined  (Jiothli/pis  in  1847, 
simply  explaining  QKvirls  as  a  "proper  name."  The  meaning  of  the  term  is  obscure, 
but  we  think  it  may  be  explained,  considering  that  eKviris  is  the  same  as  Bpaviris,  wiiicli 
latter  occurs  in  Aristotle  as  the  name  of  some  conirostral  granivorous  bird  never  satis- 
factorily identified.  Sundevall  says  Bpaviris  „unirbc  ill  cinii^cn  codices  &\virls  (Thlypis) 
gcfrfnicbcn"  ;  and  the  identity  of  the  two  words  appears  to  be  established,  seeing  that 
6\d<i),  I  break,  bruise,  crush,  whence  6\auiris,  has  the  same  meaning  as  Bpavo),  whence 
Bpavirls.  (See  Aristoph.,  Av.  400.)  In  each  case  the  name  is  that  of  a  bird  considered 
as  granivorous  —  as  a  seed-eater,  i.e.,  seed-hrcaker,  famciifrciKiitcr,  coccoihrausles,  awopo- 
6\d(TTris.  K.T.K.  But  tlie  name,  though  thus  perfectly  explicable,  is  ver3'  badly  chosen 
to  designate  a  strictly  insectivorous  species,  its  only  pertinence  being  in  jco-,  signifying 
tlie  humility  of  this  bird  of  brake  and  briar. 

142.  G.  phIl-5-dsr-phI-a.    Named  for  the  "  city  of  brotherly  love."    Gr.  (piKfa,  I  love,  aStS<p69, 

brother;  the  latter  from  a  connective  (for  &ixa)  and  5fA(/)i5j,  the  womb,  that  is,  having 
one  mother.  But  the  compound  itself,  Philndel'jihla,  is  classic,  as  the  name  of  a  city,  and 
there  are  the  actual  words  <J)iAa8e'Ai/>€ia,  <^i\aZ(K<pia,  amorfraternus,  chariUisfraterna.  The 
Lat.  is  marked  for  quantity  as  above  in  the  authority  consulted;  but  some  contend  for 
the  Greek  accent,  pliiladiljihi'-a. 

143.  G.  m5c-g!l-llv-ray'-i.    To  William  Macgillivray,  Esq.,  of  Edinburgh,  author  of  much  of 

Audubon's  scientific  work,  besides  several  other  important  treatises. 

144.  Ic-t6r'-l-a  vIr'-Sns.     A  dialectic  form,  invented  by  Vieillot,  of  Gr.  XKTtpos  or  Lat.  icterus; 

primarily,  the  disease  jaundice;  also  a  certain  yellow  bird,  probably  the  golden  oriole  of 
Europe,  l>y  the  sight  of  which  jaundiced  patients  were  fancied  to  be  cured.  The  name 
was  in  1700  by  Brisson  applied  to  the  American  orioles  as  a  generic  term,  Tclenis ;  and 
by  Vieillot  later,  in  the  form  Ideria,  to  the  present  genus.  —  Lat.  virens,  present  parti- 
ciple of  i-i'iTo,  I  grow  green. 

145.  I.  V,  lon-gl-caud'-5  [-cowda].    Lat.  lonrjus,  long,  and  caudn,  tail. 

146.  Myi-fi-dl-5c'-t5s  mi-tra'-tfls.     Gr.  fivia,  a  fly,  and  Skukttjj,  a  pursuer.  —  Lat.  tnilratiis, 

wearing  a  turban ;  Gr.  /uiVpo.  a  turban  or  other  head-dress,  cf.  niT6a>,  1  weave.  The 
word  is  sometimes  six-syllabled,  but  properly  reducible  to  five,  the  jjJ,  from  Gr.  v7,  being 
slurred ;  the  sound  is  that  of  mwee-,  not  ml-  or  me-. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


41 


147. 

148. 

149. 

150. 

Ja. 

i 
1                                            -t 

151. 

1 

152. 

"  — Gr.  epi'l,             \| 
of  a  tlirusli. 

153. 

J  named  by 

identifies  it 
t  species,  to 

147. 

y/>/s  in  1847, 
is  obscure. 

148. 

oujrii,  wliich 

never  satis- 

149. 
150. 

is  (Tlilypis) 
seeing  tliat 
avo),  whence 

1  considered 

usies,   airopo- 

adly  cJiosen 

-,  signifying 

ve,  aS(\<t>6i, 

151. 

t  is,  liaving 

f  a  city,  and 

ticrna.     Tlie 

contend  for 

152. 

of  much  of 

r^at.  irtrnis ; 

153. 

en  oriole  of                ■ 

Tlic  name 

fcleriis ;  and 

escnt  parti-               - 

fit.  mlfmtiis,              i 

cave.    Tlie              ,j 

jir.  vT,  being          Jm 

Myiodioctes  pusillus  (Wils.)  Bp.    b  213.  c  102.  r  125. 

Green  Black-capped  Flycatching  Warbler. 

Myiodioctes  pusillus  pileolatus  (Pall.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  i02a.  R  I25a. 

Pacific  Black-capped  Flycatching  Warbler. 

Myiodioctes  canadensis  (L.)  Aud.    b  214,  215.  c  103.  r  127. 

Canadian  Flycatching  Warbler. 

Cardellina  rubrifrons  (Gir.)  Scl.    b  — .  c  — .  R  131. 

Red-fronted  Flycatching  Warbler. 

Setophaga  picta  Sw.    B218.  c  io5.  R  129. 

Painted  Flycatching  Warbler. 

Setophaga  ruticilla  (L.)  Sw.    b  217.  c  104.  R  128. 

American  Redstart. 


Certhiola  bahamensis  Reich. 

Bahanian  Honey  Creeper. 


B  301.  C  106.  R  159.  (!W.  I.) 


M.  piS-sil'-lCSs.     See  Sitta,  No.  60. 

M.  p.  pi-lS-6-la'-t0s.  Lat.  pileuin  or  pilcolum,  Gr.  vTKos,  a  kind  of  cap,  a  skull-cap ;  pileo- 
lulus,  capped.  In  late  days,  pileum  has  become  a  technical  word  in  ornithology,  meaning 
tlie  top  of  the  head. 

M.  can-5-den'-sIs.  Latinized  from  Canada,  with  the  termination  -ensis.  Canada  is  said  to 
be  the  Iroquois  word  Kanata,  a  village  or  collection  of  huts. 

Car-d5l-ir-n5  rtib-ri-frons.  Apparently  an  arbitrary  variation  from  Lat.  cardnelis,  a 
kind  of  finch,  from  airdmis,  a  thistle.  — Lat.  mh,r,  red,  and./rons,  the  forehead.  The  pro- 
nunciation of  rtihrijhms  is  in  question;  everybody  says  roo'lrJifrOiix ;  as  it  is  not  a  classic 
word,  we  can  only  mark  it  by  analogy  with  such  words  as  ruhrh-.o,  &c.  But  see  above, 
Leiidricm,  No.  120,  in  favor  of  nih'iyroiis,  as  the  /  here  comes  before./'and  a  liquid. 
Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  List ;  since  discovered  by  II.  W.  Ilenshaw  in  New  Me-xico. 

Sg-td'-ph5-g5  pic'-ta.  Gr.  <7^)i,  genitive  o-rjTdj,  an  insect ;  and  faytw,  to  cat.  The  con- 
necting vowel  0  need  not  lengthen  before  p/i,  as  this  is  only  equivalent  in  force  tof.— 
Lat.  pktiis,  painted,  pictured,  here  in  the  sense  of  brightly  or  highly  colored ;  yj%o,  I 
paint,  depict. 

S.  rfit-I-cil'-ia.  Lat.  ri/(//M,s-,  reddish  ;  for  the  rest  see  Moturllht,  Xo.80.  The  word  is  exactly 
equal  to  redstart,  which  is  Anglicized  from  the  Germ,  gfcthftcit  or  iKot(}|lcrj,  all  three  words 
meaning  simply  redtail. 

Cer-thl'-8-15  ba-h5-men'-sls.  Crrthhht  is  a  coined  diminutive  of  Crrthhi,  which  see, 
No.  02  ;  we  usually  hear  it  accented  on  a  long  penult,  which  is  certainly  vicious.—  Ihltti 
meiisls  is  Latinized  from  Bahama. 

In  the  first  ed.  of  the  Check  List,  this  species  stands  as  Cfawohi,  corrected  in  the 
Appendix.  If  we  were  *o  use  the  latter,  it  would  hv  JlSn'tld,' not  Jldn oh.  Cni/iioh  is 
correctly  formed  as  a  diminutive  from  Cnt/d,i.  like  linmla  from  llnrn  ■  for  the  general  rule, 
however,  in  cases  when  the  stem  ends  in  a  consonant,  we  may  recall  the  exquisite  lines' 
attributed  to  the  death-bed  of  Hadrian  ;  — 

Animula  vagula  blandula, 
Ilospes  comesque  corporis, 
Qua."  nunc  ahibis  in  loca, 
Pallidula  riglda  nudida, 
Nee,  ut  soles,  dabis  jocos  ? 


!iii  r 


42 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


164.  Pyranga  rubra  (L.)  V.    b  220.  c  107.  R  ici. 

Scarlet  Tanager. 

165.  Pyranga  aestiva  (L.)  V.    b  221.  c  108.  u  i64. 

Summer  Tanager. 

166.  Pyranga  aestiva  cooperi  (Ridg.)  Coues.    b  — .  c  losa.  r  i64a. 

Cooper's  Tanager. 

167.  Pyranga  hepatica  Sw.    b  222.  c  109.    r  lea. 

Hepatic  Tanager. 

158.  Pyranga  ludoviciana  (Wils.)  Bp.    b  223.  c  110.  r  ig3. 

Louisiana  Tanager. 

159.  Hirundo  erythrogastra  horreorum  (Bartr.)  Coues.    B226.  c  111.  r  154. 

Barn  Swallow. 

160.  Iridoprocne  bicolor  (V.)  Coues.    b  227.  c  112.  r  155. 

Wliite-belUed  Swallow. 

161.  Tachycineta  thalassina  (Sw.)  Cab.    B  228.  C113.  R  156. 

Violet-green  Swallow. 


164.  Py-ran'-g5  rfib'-rS.  The  word  Pyranga  has  a  classic  twang,  as  if  formed  in  part  from  the 
Gr.  TTvp,  fire ;  but  it  is  a  barbarous  word,  talten  from  some  Soutli  American  dialect. 
Several  similar  combinations  of  letters  occur  in  Marcgravc.  Vieillot  wrote  it  Piranqa 
in  1807,  and  Pyraiu/a  in  181(3.  The  latter  lias  come  into  general  use.  —  The  English 
tanwjer  is  simply  altered  from  the  South  American  Uwaijra  or  tawjnra,  both  of  whi(;h 
words  occur  in  the  older  authors,  the  latter  being  in  general  use  until  Linna}us,  perhaps 
by  a  misprint,  gave  the  former  currency. 

aes-ti'-v5.     See  Dendracn,  No.  111. 


155. 
156. 
157. 

158. 
159. 


P.  a.  coop'-6r-i.    To  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper,  of  California. 

P.  hg-pat'-i-ca.  Gr.  ffirap,  genitive  Ifitaros,  the  liver,  or  Lat.  hepnr,  hepati's,  the  same  ; 
wlicnce  T]iraTiK6s  or  hepulicus,  the  direct  adjective.  The  allusion  is  to  the  liver-colored 
plumage. 

P.  Iu-d8-vl-cl-a'-n5.     See  Thri/othonts,  No.  68. 

HIr-un'-do  6r-y-thr8-g3s'-tr5  h5r-r6-5'-rQm.  Lat.  hlnmdo,  a  swallow,  from  the  Gr. 
XcAiSuv,  of  same  meaning.  —  CJr.  fpv8p6s,  red  or  ruddy,  and  yaa-T-np,  the  belly.  —  Lat. 
fioirciim,  a  barn,  in  the  genitive  plural.  (On  the  etymology  of  liintmh,  and  various 
other,  including  the  Lnglish,  names  of  swallow     see  Birds  Col.  Vail.,  i,  1878,  p.  300.) 

160.  Ir-I-d5-proc'-n5  bl'-cfll-fir.    Gr.'Ipu,  genitive 'IpiSoi,  Lat. /r/.s-,  /ridis,  Iris,  the  messenger 

of  the  gods ;  also  the  rainbow  ;  from  flpw  or  ipd,  to  anno\ince.  The  allusion  is  to 
the  sheen  of  the  i)lumage.  Gr.  Up6Kvri,  or  Lat.  Procne  or  Prnrjne,  a  proper  name,  the 
daughter  of  Pandion,  fabled  to  have  been  transformed  into  a  swallow.  —  Lat.  Wco/or, 
two-colored. 

161.  Tach-y-cln-e -ta  thSl-as'-sT-n5.     Gr.  toxwch'Itos,  moving  rapidly,  i.e.,  a  swift  runner; 

raxis,  swift  (flf'o),  to  run);  Kivr)riip,  from  Ktviu,  to  move.  —  Gr,  SaXi(T<nvos,  sea-green, 
6i\aa<Ta,  the  sen,  from  &\t,  the  sea,  or  salt.  Observe  accentuation  of  thulassiiia.  We  keep 
the  penult  of  Tarhi/n'iw'ln  long  as  being  Gr.  tj,  but  are  not  sure  that  it  should  not  be 
transliterated  Tachycin'ita. 


i^p^ 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEBICAN  BIRDS. 


48 


162.  Petrochelidon  lunifrons  (Say)  Cab.    B  226.  c  114.  11 153. 

Cliff  or  Eave  Swallow. 

163.  Cotile  riparia  (L.)  Boie.    B  229.  C  115.  R  157. 

Bank  Swallow. 

164.  Stelgidopteryx  serripennis  (Aud.)  Bd.    b  230.  c  116.  R  158. 

Rough-wiuged  Swallow. 

165.  Progne  subis  (L.)  Bd.    b  231.  c  in.  R  152. 

Purple  Martin. 

166.  Ampelis  garrulus  L.    B  232.  c  118.  R  150. 

Bohemian  Waxwing. 

167.  Ampelis  cedrorurr..  (V.)  Bd.    B  233.  c  ii9.  u  151. 

Cedar  Waxwing. 

168.  Phainopepla  nitens  (Sw.)  Scl.    b  234.  c  120.  R  26. 

Black  Ptllogouys. 


162.  Pet-r5-chel-i'-don  lu'-nl-fr5ns.    Gr.  itirpa,  a  rock,  and  xfAi8(«»',  a  swallow;  alluding  to 

tliL'  places  wiicre  tlie  nests  are  often  built.  —  Lat.  lumi,  the  moon,  that  is,  a  crescent,  anil 
frons,  tiic  forelicad  or  front ;  referring  to  the  white  frontal  crescent.  Luna  is  contracted 
from  Liiciim,  a  proper  name,  epithet  of  Juno,  from  lucco,  I  shine  ;  lux,  light. 

163.  C5'-tI-le  ri-p5r'-I-5.     The  generic  name  was  originally  written  Colile  by  Boie,  afterward 

by  him  Coii/k.  The  latter  orthography  came  into  general  use,  the  alleged  etymology 
being  KorvKr),  a  cup,  in  supposed  allusion  to  the  excavations  in  wliich  the  bird  nests. 
The  proper  ortliography  is  Cotllc,  from  KmriXds,  the  swallow  ;  literally,  the  twitterer, 
babbler,  prattler,  from  kutiAAoi,  I  prate.  (See  Wharton,  Ibis,  October,  1879,  p.  451 ;  and 
Cones,  Bull.  Nuttall  Club,  April,  1880,  p.  90.)  — Lat.  riparia,  riparian :  ripa,  the  bank  of 
a  stream. 

164.  Stel-gl-d5p'-tfi-ryx  ser-rl-pen'-nls.    Gr.  o-reX-y/s  or  (rTAfyvfs,  a  scraper ;  and  Trrepuf,  wing. 

—  Lat.  scrn'iiiniiis,  saw-feathered  ;  srrra,  a  saw,  i>ciiii(i,  a  feather.  Both  words  mean  sub- 
stantially the  same  thing,  having  reference  to  the  peculiar  structure  of  the  outer  web  of 
the  first  primary. 

165.  Prog'-ne  sub'-Is.     Lat.  Prmpic ;  see  Tridnpromo,  No.  100.  —  Lat.  suhis,  a  word  not  known 

except  as  applied  by  I'liiiy  to  a  bird  said  to  break  eagles'  eggs ;  application  in  this  case 
unknown. 

166.  Am'-pfi-lls  gar'-rfl-lQs.    Or.  afiveKis,  or  &nwf\os,  the  grapevine;  also,  a  small  bird  wliich 

fre(iuented  vineyards,  l)y  some  conjectured  to  be  the  present  species  ;  ajUTTfAioii/  also 

occurs  as  the  name  of  a  bird.  —  Lat.  (idrniliis,  garrulous,  loquacious,  from  i/nrrio,  I 

chatter  (Gr.  yripia)  or  yapvu,  I  speak,  yyjpus  or  yiipvs,  voice) ;  also,  as  substantive,  a 
jaybird,  wlii'il'  is  the  implication  in  this  case. 

167.  A.  ced-ro'-rQm.     Lat.  crrfrHs,  genitive  plural  rcrfiwiim,  the  cedar  ;  Gr.  ice'Spos. 

168.  PhS-i-na-pep'-la  nTt'-ens.    Dr.  Sclater  says  (Ibis,  1879,  p.  223)  that  he  formed  the  word 

from  tpattvds,  shining,  and  that  it  should  be  written  as  above,  as  lie  originally  did. 
This,  however,  is  merely  a  poetic  f'lrm,  from  (pafivw,  itself  poetic  for  (paivai.  It  would 
appear  to  be  most  naturally  written  PhdiwpipJa,  like  phirunmrnnii,  ph<rmvjnmoHS,  &c.,  from 
the  same  source ;  but  if  the  orthography  PlmXiwpi pla ,  in  five  syllables,  be  |)reserved,  it 
can  be  easily  defended.  Gr.  irtTrAo,  poetic  plural  of  ire'jrAoi,  a  robe.  —  Lat.  nilcns,  present 
participle  from  nitco,  I  shine. 


44 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


m\ 


169.  Myiadestes  townsendi  (Aud.)  Cab.    b  235.  c  121.  \\  25. 

ToTvnsend's  Flycatchlng  Thrush. 

170.  Vireo  olivaceus  (L.)  V.    b  240.  c  122.  u  135. 

Red-eyed  Grecnlet. 

171.  Vireo  flaviviridis  Cass,    b  241.  c  — .  k  lao. 

Yellow-green  Grcenlct. 

172.  Vireo  altiloquus  barbatulus  (Cab.)  Couc3.    b  243.  c  123.  r  137. 

Block-whiskered  Grecnlet. 

173.  Vireo  philadelphicus  Cass.    B  244.  c  124.  R  138. 

Brother ly-love  Grecnlet. 

174.  Vireo  gilvus  (V.)  Up.    B  245.  c  125.  R  139. 

Warbling  Greenlet. 

175.  Vireo  gilvus  swainsoni  Bd.    b  — .  c  i25a.  r  i39o. 

Western  Warbling  Grecnlet. 

170.  Vireo  flavifrons  V.    b  252.  c  126.  r  ho. 
Yellow-throated  Greenlet. 

177.  Vireo  solitarius  V.    b  250.  c  127.  r  i41. 

Blue-headed  Greenlet. 

178.  Vireo  solitarius  cassini  (Xantus)  Ridg.    b  251.  c  — .  r  i4ia.  (?) 

Cassin's  Greenlet. 


169. 


170. 


171. 


172. 


173. 
174. 

175. 
176. 


177. 
178. 


MjH-i-des'-t5s  [inwccadaystacc]  town'-send-i.  Gr.  ixvla,  a  fly,  and  ^Seariis,  an  eater; 
fScK,  or  iSo/iai,  I  cat;  sec  Mijioilluetrs,  No.  140.  (Xot  to  bo  written  Mijiiutides,  as  if  fly- 
"  taker,"  J/Hsncn/)a,  from  ^um  and  Stftr^i,  from  Sfxojuai).  —  To  J.  K.  Townsend,  from 
wliom  Audubon  received  many  new  birds,  and  to  whom  lie  dedicated  several. 

VIr'-e-5  [vir'ryoh,  not  vi'rco]  61-i-va'-c6-fis.  Lnt.  t-irco,  a  kind  of  binl,  from  vireo,  I  am 
green  or  flourishing.  —  Late  Lat.  olicaccus,  olive-like,  olive-colored ;  green  obscured  with 
neutral  tint ;  olii-a,  the  olive,  from  olca,  Gr.  i\ala,  the  olive-tree ;  whence  oleum,  Gr. 
f\atov,  Eng.  oil,  oleaginous,  &c. 

V.  fia-vl-vlr'-l-dls.  Lat.  Jlurus,  yellow,  and  viridis,  green,  from  vireo.  See  Auriparus, 
No.  50.    Commonly  but  wrongly  written_//(iiw/)7(//,'i. 

Tliis  species  is  not  in  the  first  ed.  of  the  Check  List ;  it  has  only  recently  been  dis- 
covered in  the  United  States,  in  Texas,  by  J.  C.  Merrill. 

V.  al-tl'-lfi-qOtSs  bar-ba'-tQ-lfis.  Lat.  alius,  high,  from  alo,  I  bear  up,  sustain,  and 
loquus,  an  adjective  from  loqmr,  I  speak;  pronounced  ahlty'lockwoocc,  like  ventri'loquist, 
(/raiidi'loijiient,  &c.  —  Lat.  kirliatiilus,  liaving  a  small  beard;  barbatus,  bearded;  barba,  a 
beard.    The  allusion  is  to  the  dusky  ma.\illary  streaks. 

V.  phll-a-d5l'-phI-ciSs.     See  Geothhjpis  jihiludelphia,  No.  142. 

V.  gil'-vOs  \(i  hard].  Lat.  7iVi'»,'i,  fjilbns,  r/albus,  hrlrus,  yellowish,  greenish-yellow  ;  German 
gclb,  Ital.  (jinllo,  A.  S.  (jeletc,  ijeoluwe ;  related  to/iilvus,Jlauus,  &c. 

V.  g.  swain'-s6n-i.    To  William  Swainson. 

V.  fla'-vT-frons.    Lat. ^(imhs,  yellow  ;/)ohs,  forehead.    See /iHri/ionM,  No.  60. 

0ns.  —  It  would  appear  from  B.  C.V.,  i,  1878,  p.  404,  that  the  proper  name  of  this  species 
is  V.  och-r6-leu'-ctSs  (Gm.)  Coucs.    Gr.  iixpif,  ochraceous,  yellowish,  and  \(vk6s,  white. 

V.  so-lI-ta'-rl-iSs.     Lat.  solitarius,  solitary ;  solus,  alone. 

V.  c5s'-sln-i.  To  John  Cassin,  of  rhiladelphia,  sometime  the  "  Nestor  of  American 
ornithology  " ;  the  only  ornithologist  America  ever  produced  who  knew  any  consider- 
able number  of  Old  World  birds.  —  Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  since  recognized. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


45 


179.  Vireo  solitarius  phxmbeus  (Coucs)  Allen.    B  -.  c  i27a.  R  uu. 

Plumbeous  Grccnlct. 

180.  Vireo  vicinior  Coucs.    b  — .  c  i28.  r  147. 

Gray  Grcenlet. 

181.  Vireo  noveboracensis  (Gm.)  Ep.    b  248.  c  129.  r  143. 

White-eyed  Greenlet. 

182.  Vireo  huttoni  Cass,    b  249.  c  130.  r  144. 

Hutton's  Greenlet. 

183.  Vireo  belli  And.    b  24c.  c  131.  r  145. 

Bell's  Greenlet. 

184.  Vireo  pusillus  Coucs.     B  — .  c  132.  R  i46. 

Least  Grcenlet. 

185.  Vireo  atricapillus  VVoodh.    b  247.  c  133.  r  142. 

Black-cappcd  Greenlet. 

186.  Lanius  borealis  V.    b  236.  c  134.  r  us. 

Great  Northern  Shrike;  Butcherbird. 

187.  Lanius  ludovicianusL.    b  237.  c  135.  r  149. 

loggerhead  Shrike. 

188.  Lanms  ludovicianus  excubitorides  (Sw.)  Coues.    b  238.  c  135«.  r  i49«. 

n  hite-rumped  Shrike. 


179. 
180. 

181. 

182. 
183. 

184. 
185. 

186. 

187. 
188. 


V.  s.  plum'-b6-Qs.    Lat.  pluml^em,  plumbeous,  Icad^iolored  ;  plnmbnm,  lead. 

V.  yi-ci'-nl-or.  Lat.  comparative  degree  of  ./c/..,„.,  neighboring;  vicinia,  :,  neic^hborl.ood 
o  v.cm,ty  ;  Ins  from  .c,.,  digammated  from  Gr.  oUo..  a  house.  Tl.e  alius  In  U  to  the 
close  resemblance  of  the  species  to  otliers.  «"usion  is  to  tne 

V.  nav-«.bar-a-cen'-sls.     Very  late  Latin  for  of,  or  pertaining  to,  New  York;  nocus  new 

riLr.:n7z-'iS"'"'"''  ^^  ^'"'■"^"'"'  '"^' "''  "^'"^  °^  ^°^*''  ^"«'-^  ■'  ^v-.w«;::t; 

V.  hflt'-tan-i.     To  William  Hutton.  of  Monterey,  California 

^-  S";,  .SatLr,'  t^'"' '-  "■•■"  ^-  "■«  •»«■■  •-'■'"■  •«-  -  «.. 

V.  pfl-sir-ias.     See  Sim  pusilhi,  No.  00. 

V.  5-trI-c5p-Il'-lfls  Lat.  aUr,  atra,  black ;  the  opposite  of  nlhus.  It  properly  means  dead 
Unck  as  »;,,..  does  glo.ssy  black,  which  latter  would  have  been  iXr  1^'^  ease 
Ca,„llus,  ha.r  of  the  head,  fron.  .,nU,  head;  whence  Knglish  c„;„V/,„.;thready. 

^^N^rno  ''^'/'i'-"^-  ^'^'-  ''•"'"^'  •■»  '"'"^I'cr;  from  lanio,  I  rend,  lacerate  .See  Falco 
No.502.-  Lat.  l,.-eas,  the  north  wind,  /,.  ...  the  north  ;  whence  Jealis,  no    hern 

i or  reason  of  the  generic  ciu.ngo  fron,  Collurio  of  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List  an,l 
for  Shnkes'  na.nes  in  general,  see  Birds  Colorado  Valley,  i,'l878,  p  537  fse^ 

L.  m-ds-vl-cl-a'-nfis.  Lat.  r.u,hricus,  Louis,  a  proper  name.  The  application  here  is  to 
the  Icntory  of  Louisiana,  forn.eriy  of  great  extent.     See  nrj,othZ!^^T 68 

''■  one"  wh^'lt^'dinfr;  '^'''- r":'""'  <"  ^^■'^''^"--'-  -"tinel,  from  ...  out  of.  and  c,.!,Uar, 
one  who  hes  down,  fron.  cuho  .•  ,.  e.,  an  out-lier.  The  tern.ination  of  the  word  is  the  Gr 
.ISO,  appearance  or  rese„>blance  (.«„.  I  see).     There  is  a  difference  in  the  o  t  og  aphy 

w  U  "tricce'/t       1r''  'r  r''"'  "-""•""""'-■•  «"J  P~-ed  in  sLxs^Tl  b    s' 
With  the  accent  on  the  penult.     But  if  this  spelling  is  used,  it  should  be  ercuLoUe^ 


I  ■: 


t "  I 


4G 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


1S9.   Hesperophoua  vespertina  (Coop.)  Bp.    b  303.  c  lac.  p 

Kvening  <irosbeak. 

190.  Pinicola  enucleator  (L.)  V.    B  304.  c  137.  u  ico. 

Pine  Grosbeak. 

191.  Pyrrhula  cassini  (Bd.)  Tristr.    B  — .  c  138.  R  167.  (!A.) 

Cussln^s  BiilUinc-h. 

192.  Passer  domesticus  (L.)  Koch.    B — .  c  187.  n — .    [imp.  and  Nat.] 

Pbllip  Sparrow. 

with  tlic  diaeresis  over  tlie  (,  and  consequently  making  seven  syllables.  So  long  a  word 
is  therefore  preierably  sliortened  by  omitting  tiie  connecting  vowel  o;  wiiich,  witli  the 
usual  change  of  Ur.  *7  to  long  i  in  Latin,  gives  tlie  above  spelling  and  pronunciation. 
The  full  niiiiiber  of  letters  in  the  compound  is  cxcuhiturUidis. 

180.  Hgs-p«r-C-phS'-na  ves-p5r-ti'-n5.  Gr.  iairipa,  Hesperus,  the  west,  the  place  of  sunset 
(X<ipa,  region,  being  understood);  hence,  tlie  evening;  and  ipuvit,  the  voice;  <f>aiviu,  I 
speak;  <^ou,  <>»)/*/,  related  to  (^aivoi,  &c.  —  Lat.  Vcsjxrtiitnn,  pertaining  to  the  evening, 
V(S]nrus  being  the  same  as  llisperns.  —  The  genus-name  is  universally  written  Ilesperi- 
plioim,  as  lJonai)arte  originally  spelled  it,  but  the  above  is  certainly  correct,  as  it  is  pure 
Greek  for  what  1  "ts/ic/ /,<o»a  would  be  the  Latin  of.  The  pleonastic  name  signalizes  a 
belief,  formerly  entertained,  that  the  bird  sings  chiefly  at  evening.  —  Grosbeak  ov  i/rossbtak 
is  corrupted  from  the  l"r.  tjroshec,  thick-bill. 

190.  Pi-nl'-cfi-ia  e-nu-cl6-a'-t5r.     Lat.  jh'iiks,  a  pine,  and  iiiroh,  an  inhabitant,  from  colo,  I 

cultivate  ;  formed  like  many  other  words  in  -cula,  as  sit.rir<)l(i,  lujnmhi,  &c.  —  Lat.  enucleator, 
one  who  "shells  out,"  or  enucleates;  front  fimcUo,  I  take  out  the  kernel;  muleus,  the 
nucleus  or  kernel,  this  from  mix,  a  nut.  The  two  words  indicate  the  characteristic 
habitat  aiul  habit  of  the  bird. 

191.  Pyr'-rhQ-la  cSs'-sIn-i.     Lat.  pyrrhula,  a  bullfinch;    a  diminutive  of  Pi/rrhiis,  a  proper 

name  ;  Gr.  wvppos,  fiery -red,  from  irVp,  fire  ;  ni  allusion  to  the  bright  color  of  the  bird.  — 
To  John  Cassin. 

It  is  still  uncertain  what  relation  this  bird  may  best  be  considered  to  bear  to  the  Old 
World  form  P.  cordiua,  as  no  Alaskan  specimens,  since  the  type,  have  been  forthcoming. 
We  give  it  as  it  stan<ls  in  the  body  of  tlie  orig.  ed.  of  tlie  Check  List. 

Note.  —  Another  species  of  this  genus  has  lately  been  reported  from  Greenland  by 
Kumlein  (Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  JIus.,  No.  lo,  p.  74 ;  1870) ;  but  the  case  remains  very  dubious. 

192.  Pas'-s6r  dam-es'-tl-ciis.     Many  interesting  worrls  arc  grouped  about  this  ubiquitous  bird, 

which  has  been  named  in  nearly  or  quite  all  civilized  languages;  some  of  them  may  be 
here  noticed.  —  1,  Passer  domestinis,  literally  "  house  sparrow,"  is  itself  a  very  old  Latin 
biblionym,  though  used  for  less  than  a  century  as  a  technical  term.  Passer  is  good 
Latin  for  sparrow,  and  particularly  for  this  very  species,  which  is  said  to  have  been 
noted,  if  not  named,  for  its  salacity ;  but  the  etymology  ot  this  word  is  unknown  to  us, 
as  it  also  appears  to  be  to  the  authors  of  several  lexicons;  one  says /ki.'.'.stc  for /lurf.scr, 
from  pandn,  I  spread.  Passer  seeriis  to  have  become  of  general  signification,  almost  as 
broad  (is  Knglish  "  bird  "  or  "  fowl."  The  Ital.  is  passera,  passrre,  pass<ira,  and  this  lan- 
puage  also  had  passer  iloiiiestlcus  in  passara  ea:aren(/a.  The  word  passes  directly  into  the 
Fr.  passerat,  passereau,  and  to  the  Eng.  technical  adjective  passerine,  sparrow-like;  while 
the  Span,  paxaro  (as  if  parsaro)  or  pajaro  is  apjiarently  the  same.  —  2.  The  Gr.  name 
for  this  species  was  (npouB6s,  in  Aristotle;  which  in  modern  technic  has  become,  in  the 
form  slnilliio,  the  name  of  the  ostrich.  Slrulliio  eameliis  I,.,  and  has  given  our  Kng.  adjec- 
tive .s/n/M/o/w,  ostrich-like.  The  actual  application  to  the  ostrich,  however,  dates  back  to 
Aristotle,  whose  arpovBos  6  iv  Atfiuij,  or  Libyan  fowl,  was  the  ostrich  —  like  tlie  Lat. 
jxisser  wariiiiis,  i.  </.,  the  bird  brought  from  over  the  sea. — 3.  The  Gr.  word  irvpyiTris,  from 
vvfiyos,  a  tower,  and  meaning  a  dweller  in  the  tower,  has  been  of  late  years  used  to  some 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


47 


193.  Passer  montanus  (L.).    b  — .  c  — .  r  — .    [Fmp.  and  Nut.] 

European  Tree  Sparrow. 

194.  Carpodacus  purpureus  (Gin.)  Gr.    b  305.  c  139.  r  ics. 

Purple  Finch. 

195.  Carpodacus  cassini  Bil.    b  307.  c  i40.  r  ico. 

Cassin^s  Purple  Finch, 

198.  Carpodacus  frontalis  (Say)  Gr.    B  308.  c  141.  R  no. 

Crimson-fronted  Fincli ;  House  Finch ;  Burion. 

extent  as  tlie  generic  nnme,  under  the  form  Pi/njita:  though  having  originally  no  refer- 
ence to  the  speeies  wiiatever,  it  is  a  very  apt  designation  of  a  bird  wliieli  nests  so  habit- 
ually about  buildings.  — 4.  The  word  Frini/illa,  one  of  a  large  group,  giving  name  to  the 
Finch  family,  Frini/illidic,  and  to  the  English  adjictivo  /riiii/illine,  is  the  origin  of  the 
word  /inch  itself ;  though  it  is  only  for  about  a  century  that  it  has  had  any  thing  to  do 
with  the  present  species.  Fniiiiilln  is  the  Latin  nnme  of  the  same  bird  that  the  Greeks 
called  (TiriCa  or  <riri(ri,  spiza,  the  /■'.  ealihs  L.,  English  ChafHnch.  FriiniilUi  or  frimjuilla  has 
been  derived  by  some  from  fiamjo,  I  break,  as  the  bird  does  seeds  (just  as  we  have  in 
Gr.  OAiiir/i  or  OpauirU).  But  its  etymology  appears  when  we  regard  the  non-nasalized 
iovm  fnijilla,  inim  fii<nttio  or  fn'i/iilfio  (=  frinijntin  or  fiiinjullio,  formed  like  siiiguldo,  I 
hiccup),  I  twitter,  chirp,  stammer;  these  words  being  themselves  lengthened  from 
J'riijulo,  I  croak,  as  a  crow,  and  this  from  /nV/o,  I  squeak,  squeal.  (Cf.  Gr.  tppuyu,  and  the 
actual  (ppvylKos,  the  name  of  a  bird  in  Aristophanes,  and  source  of  the  modern  genus 
Freijihis,  a  jackdaw.  The  idea  seems  to  be  some  sliort  sharp  sound,  as  the  hissing, 
sizzling  of  something  cooking, — fi'Kjn  or  (ppvyai,  I  (iiwV.)  Friii^iilhi  reappears  in  several 
Italian  forms,  from  two  of  which  two  series  of  words  branch  off;  from  such  sisfrimjuiUo, 
fn'nco,  are  derived,  with  loss  of  the  r.  Germ,  fincf,  put,  and  Eng.  Jiiirh;  while  from  such 
as  f'riiisoni:  we  pass  through  (jrlnaott,  i/iiinson,  pliison,  or  later  Er.  pinqnn  to  Eng.  sp'wk,  a 
name  of  /•'.  cakhn.  —  5.  An  entirely  different  set  of  words  gives  the  pedigree  of  modern 
Eng.  sparmr,  back  from  which  we  pass  to  spanuwe,  or  sparowe,  or  spanrr,  Gothic  spanni 
or  spdi-ra,  A.  S  sjicanvu ;  related  forms  being  s/iiiir,  spar,  sper,  spmr,  spun;  spar/,  spat::,  spenj, 
sprrk;  sperllmjk;  round  again  to  the  present  Germ,  fpcrliiig  or  (lautffpcrlini^,  houfesparrow,  passer 
(loimsllciis.  —  0.  Eng.  sparrow  also  curiously  leads  us  back  again  to  Latin,  through  such 
a  form  as  spnrra,  Latinized  as  sparriiis ;  so,  also,  JTako  sparveriiis,  !.  q.  friuqiUarius, 
vTTi^ias,  Vr.  espcrvler  or  c'/icrricr,  anijlice  sparrow-hawk.  —  7.  There  is  said  to  be  an  old 
Flemish  name  iiioiische  for  this  bird,  which  may  not  improbably  connect  with  O.  Fr. 
mouvit,  moissnn.  —  8.  The  present  I'r.  is  molncau,  or  moinean  fravr,  or  moinean  de  rllle. — 
9.  Several  languages  have  applied  cant  names  to  this  sturdy  vulgarian ;  Span,  ijorrion, 
thief,  rogue,  scamp;  Fr.  ijamin;  American  tramp,  hoodlum.  — 10.  An  onomatopreia  as 
interesting  as  FriivjiUa  itself  has  arisen  from  the  sharp,  abrupt,  dissyllabic  note.  This  is 
represented  by  the  syllables  ijcllop  (cf.  Gr.  iK\6ir-oi),  i/'llup,  or  plu/lhip,  easily  becoming 
Philip.  Early  in  the  sixteenth  century  appear  the  '  Boke  of  I'hyllup  Sparrowe  "  and  the 
"I'raise  of  Philip  Sparrow  ";  and  this  name  is  Shakspearian. 
Introduced,  but  now  thoroughly  naturalized  everywhere. 

193.  P.  m5n-ta'-nus.     Lat.  mo»/n))».<!,  of  mountains. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  since  introduced  from  Europe,  and  naturalized  in  some  places. 

194.  Car-p6'-d5-cQs  pQr-pQr'-C-iSs.     Gr.  Kapw6i,  a  fruit,  and  Saxoi,  from  hiKvic,  I  bite  ;  2d  aorist 

HZaKov,  or  ii.Kov.  —  Lat.  purpureus,  purple;  Gr.  irop<pipeos,  English  porphyry,  &c. ;   cf. 
irvp(t>6pos  {irvp,  (pfpai)  the  fire-bearer,  an  epithet  of  Trometheus.  —  The  quantity  of  the 
penult  is  in  question  ;  we  usually  hear  carjmda'-cus  in  this  country;  but  carpS'nlacus  ia 
preferable, 
C.  cas'-sln-l.    To  John  Cassin. 


195, 
196 


C.  fron-ta'-lls.    liiii.frotitaliSf  relating  to  tlie  forehead ; //ons,  forehead,  front. 


1 1  ! 


48 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


197.  Carpodacus  frontalis  rhodocolpus  (Cab.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  i4ia.  u  i70a. 

Rose-breasted  Finch. 

198.  Loxia  leucoptera  Gm.    b  aio.  c  142.  r  173. 

Wblte-wlnged  Crossbill. 

199.  Loxia  curvirostra  americana  (Wils.)  Coues.    b  ois.  c  143.  r  172. 

Common  American  Crossbill. 

200.  Loxia  curvirostra  mexicana  (Strickl.)  Coues.    b  — .  c  i43o.  r  172a. 

Mexican  Crossbill. 

201.  Leucosticte  atrata  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  r  170. 

Rldgway^s  Rosy  Fincb. 

202.  Leucosticte  australis  Allen,    b  — .  c  — .  r  177. 

Allen's  Rosy  Finch. 

203.  Leucosticte  tephrocotis  Sw.    b  322.  c  144.  r  175. 

Swainson's  Rosy  Finch. 

204.  Leucosticte  tephrocotis  litoralis  (Bd.)  Coues.    B  — .  c  —  R  nsa. 

Baird's  Rosy  Finch. 


197.  C.  f.  rh6-d6-c5l'-pfis.    Gr.  p6Sov,  the  rose,  and  K6\iros,  the  breast;  in  allusion  to  tlie  rose- 

red  color  of  that  part. 

The  form  €./.  hnmonhous,  given  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List,  is  the  Mexican 
race ;  the  above  should  replace  No.  141a. 

198.  Lox'-I-5  leQ-c5p'-te-rS.    Gr.  Aortas,  an  epithet  of  Apollo,  whose  oracles  were  sometimes 

obscure  or  equivocal;  from  Aofdr,  oblique,  devious,  deviating  from  a  straiglit  line;  very 
pertinent  to  the  Crossbill.  — Ur.  KivK6s,  wiiite,  and  irrtp6v,  wing. 

199.  L.  cQr-vT-r5s'-tr5.    Lat.  chh-hs,  curved ;  and  i-os<n(Hi,  bill.    In  this  and  numberless  similar 

cases  of  a  noun  compounded  with  an  antecedent  a<ljective,  tiie  whole  word  is  treated  as 
an  adjective,  capable  of  inflection  according  to  gender.  Thus  cnrrimstra  is  as  if  curviros- 
ter  or  curciioslr-us,  -a,  -iim.  So  we  even  find  lontjicwul-us,  -<i,  -inn,  like  atiricoin-ux,  -a,  -urn, 
and  the  Vergilian  centiman-us,  -a,  -urn.  In  such  a  case  as  the  present,  the  adjectival  form 
curvlroslris  {like  -ventris)  might  be  more  elegant.  But  ciirriiustra  has  the  sanction  of 
several  centuries'  use  as  a  noun,  having  apparently  been  invented  as  a  Latin  synonym 
of  Luxki;  it  is  imt,  however,  classic.  Other  synonyms  are  crucirostra,  crucijWa,  cruciata; 
Fr.  Bcc-croisiT,  Germ.  JircutM'il)nabcl,  &o. 

200.  L.  c.  mex-I-ca'-n5.    Lat.  mexicana,  of  Mexico.     Sec  Sialia,  No.  28. 

201.  Leu-co-stic'-te  a-tra'-ta.    Gr.  Aturcrfr,  white,  and  o-tikt^,  variegated;  from  (rrlCa,  I  punc- 

ture, brand,  or  mark.  —  Lat.  almta,  blackened ;  a  participial  adjective,  from  an  obsolete 
or  rather  hypotiictical  verb  atro. 

Not  in  the  orig.  od.  of  the  Check  List ;  described  from  Colorado  by  Ridgway,  Amer. 
Sportsm.,  iv.  No.  10,  p.  241,  July  18,  1874. 

202.  L.  aus-tra'-lls.     Lat.  australis,  southern ;  from  attster,  the  south  wind,  hot  and  dry ;  this 

from  Gr.  aSu,  I  dry  up  or  parch. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List,  as  then  not  supposed  valid. 

203.  L.  t5ph-r6-co'-tIs.    Gr.  rt^p6s,  gray,  ashy,  from  riippa,  ashes ;  and  oZs,  genitive  iirds,  the 

ear  ;  the  connective  consonant  c  being  introduced  for  euphony. 

204.  L.  t.  li-tfir-a'-lls.    Lat.  Utoralia,  littoral ;  from  litus,  the  shore,  of  sea,  lake,  or  river.    The 

word  is  commonly  written  litloralis,  but  preferably  as  above. 

Not  in  the  first  ed.  of  the  Check  List,  as  not  then  supposed  to  be  valid. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


49 


205.  Leucosticte  griseinucha  (Brandt)  Bd.    b  323.  c  I44a.  r  174. 
Brandt's  Rosy  Flncb. 

306.  Leucosticte  arctoa  (Pall.)  Bp.    b  324.  c  i46.  r  — . 
Pallas's  Rosy  Finch. 

207.  ^giothus  linaria  (L.)  Cab.    b  320.  c  140,  i4Ca.  r  179. 

Common  Red-poll. 

208.  ^giothus  linaria  holboelli  (Brehm)  Coucs.    e  — .  c  — .  R  i79a.  (?) 

Ilolboirs  Red-poll. 

209.  ^giothus  homemanni  (Ilolb.)  Coues.    b  321.  c  — .  R  178.  (0.) 

Greenland  Mealy  Red-poll. 

210.  ^giothus  exilipes  Coues.    B  — .  c  14C6.  R  I78a. 

American  Mealy  Red-poll. 

21 1.  Linota  flavirostris  brewsteri  (Ridg.)  Coues.    b  — .  c  147.  R  I80.  (?) 

Brewster's  Linnet. 


ii 


205.  L.  grls-ei-nQ'-chS.    Lat.  griseus,  gray,  and  nucha,  the  nape  or  scrufE  of  the  neck.    Neither 

part  of  the  word  is  classic ;  yriseus  is  Latinized  from  sucli  a  word  as  seen  in  Fr.  gn's, 
Ital.  (jn'so,  English  grisly ;  and  nuclia,  a  tcclinical  word  in  ornithology,  is  Latinized  from 
Fr.  nuqiie,  tlie  nape  (A.  S.  cna-p,  a  knob,  knoll),  wliieii  is  tlie  same  as  Gaelic  aioc,  Welsh 
cmcc.  Nape  is  thus  closely  related  to  neck  itself;  A.  S.  hnevca,  Dan.  nakke,  Dutch  nak 
or  nek,  Germ,  nacfeii,  &c. 

206.  L.  arc-t5'-5.    Gr.  ipitros,  a  bear;   also,  the  constellation;   hence,  the  north;   adjective 

ipKTtfos,  same  as  apKrtKoi,  northern,  whence  Lat.  arctous  and  arcticiis,  of  same  signi- 
fication. 

207.  Aeg-I'-6-thQs  li-na'-rI-5.    Gr.  AtyloOos,  given  by  Cabanis  as  a  proper  name :  supposably 

derived  from  017/1,  a  goat-skin,  or  asgis,  and  riOitixi,  to  put  or  place,  as  if  the  shield- 
bearer,  like  -I'Egisthus.  The  application  is  far  from  being  evident.  The  word  is 
probably  only  another  form  of  aXyiQoi,  the  name  of  an  unknown  bird,  occurring  in 
Aristotle,  Hist.  i.\.  1,  conjectured  by  some  to  be  this  very  species. — Lat.  linaria; 
from  linum  (Gr.  Klvov),  fla.\ ;  the  root  is  seen  in  many  words,  as  line,  linear,  linen,  lint, 
linnet,  &c. 

208.  A.  1.  hai'-bo61-li.    To  Carl  v.  Ilolboll,  a  Danish  naturalist,  chiefly  known  in  ornithology 

for  his  researches  in  Greenland. 

Not  recognized  in  the  first  ed.  of  the  Check  List. 

209.  A.  horn'-6-m5n-nL    To Ilornomann,  who  had  to  do  with  Greenland  birds.  '' 

This  species  is  not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List.  It  is  only  American  inasmuch 
as  it  is  found  in  Greenland.  It  is  absolutely  confined  to  that  country,  and  is  the  bird 
usually  quoted  as  Grcenlandic  "  canescens." 

210.  A.  Sx-H'-l-pSs.    Lat.  exilis  (for  exigilis,  from  exigo),  small,  slender,  &c.,  and  jjcs,  foot.     See 

Ardetta,  No.  607. 

211.  Li-n5'-tSL  fla-vl-rSs'-trls  brews'-t6r-i.     See  ZmnnVi,  above :  the  word  is  not  classic,  being 

directly  Latinized  from  the  Fr.  linotte,  one  of  the  nimiberless  words  from  llniim,  linca, 
&c.  —  Lat.  Jlaviroslris,  yellow-billed.  —  To  William  Brewster,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  am 
excellent  ornithologist. 

This  is  questionably  North  American,  and  questionably  a  good  species. 


:.i 


60 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIllDS. 


212.  Chrysomitris  pinus  (Unrtr.)  Bp.    d  317.  c  i48.  u  laa. 

I'iiie  Lliiiii't;  Anioriouii  Miskin. 

213.  Astragalinus  tristis  (L.)  Cub.    B  313.  c  149.  u  I8I. 

Ainorioaii  GoUlflnoh. 

214.  Astragalinus  lawrencii  (Cass.)  Coucs.    B  310.  c  iso.  u  i83. 

I^iwrenec'ii  Cioltllliich. 

215.  Astragalinus  psaltria  (Say)  Cones.    B  3i4.  c  iBi.  R  182. 

ArkuntD.w  Goldtliivh. 

216.  Astragalinus  psaltria  arizonae  Coiios.    b — .  c  nu.  n  is'ja. 

Arizona  Goldfinch. 


212.  Chry-s8-mI'-trTs  pi'-nQs.    fSr.  xpi'<'''>/<'Tpit,  Imving  a  Roldcn  hpa'l-dross  or  girdlp  ;  xpvaioi, 

gohk'ii,  anil  ju/rpo,  a  iiiitrt'.  'i'liiTc  arc  otliiT  forms  of  tliu  word,  varyiiiy  in  tlio  vowels,  as 
XpvffofiiTpris  and  xp"<'°f'V'''pt*-  '^'I>l'  latter,  which  oeutirs  in  Aristutk-,  Is  translatitl  (iiiricillis 
liy  (iaza;  a^^  ISundwall  runiarks,  iK'i^hti'nin^  thi>  ])robaliility  that  it  is  tlii<  name  word  a<i 
Xpvfrofilrpris,  and  is  based  upon  the  hrijiht  apjiearancc  of  the  Kur(i|iean  (iohltiiich,  F. 
canliidis  L.  —  Some  other  names  of  elassie  origin  for  the  (iohlHneh  and  its  relatives  miiy 
be  here  conveniently  noted.  Aristotle  had  three  species  of  "  AcaullKijthiuin  "  as  he  called 
them  ;  i.e.,  birds  living  upon  i)rickly  plants;  as  we  should  say,  "  thistle-liirds."  1.  One 
of  these  was  the  Opavvls  or  BKvirCs,  concerning  which  see  (Imllihijiis,  No.  141.  2.  'J'ho 
XpvtronrJTpts,  as  juist  said.  .'!.  His  axavBls,  which  was  undoubtedly  the  FrimjiUa  canmi- 
himi  L.  This  in  Latin  becomes  sin'mis,  of  late  years  taken  as  the  specific  name  of  /•'. 
spimcs  L.  —  The  exact  Latin  of  "  thistle-bird  "  is  tanliulis,  occurring  in  I'liny  ;  it  is  from 
carcliiii.i,  a  thistle,  and  reajipears  in  numerous  sliipes  ;  as  Ital.  (•(trtlmllo,  ranhllo;  atrdiii  lino, 
cnrthllimi  (compare  Cardclliim,  No.  luO),  and  also  (jdrthUo  and  (iiinldliito;  Kr.  rlitinloimi'ivt, 
&c.  Aristotle  speaks  of  the  .slutrj)  voice  of  his  iicav6ls  —  Kiyvpi  ;  whence  liiiiiiiiius,  another 
of  the  many  names  for  birds  of  this  kind.  So  liave  we  later  derived  siskin  from  the 
sharp  note;  Swe<lish  si.ihi,  Dutch  sijuk-iii,  (ienn.  ;ici"iii,  Polish  r:i/:,  &c.  —  Another  (!reek 
name  for  some  kind  of  thistle-bird,  ])erhaps  the  European  Goldfinch,  is  CKTrpayaKifos,  in 
liSiiO  api)lied  by  C'abanis  to  the  American  Uoldfinuh,  as  a  generic  term:  see  next  word. 
—  Lat.  piiim,  a  pine-tree. 

213.  As-tr5-g5-li'-nfls  tris'-tls.     Gr.  i,(TTpaya\7vos  is  given  by  Cabanis  as  the  word,  and  as  a 

name  of  a  thistle-bird;  it  is  evidently  an  adjectival  form  from  &.aTpdya\os,  a  die,  one 
of  the  ankle-bones,  and  also,  in  Dioscorides,  the  name  of  some  kiixl  of  jilant ;  whence 
the  modern  botanical  genus  Aalnuialii.f.  The  original  application  of  aar pay aKTvos  is 
undoubtedly  to  some  bird  that  lived  upon,  or  frequented,  the  plant  in  mention,  its  recent 
transference  to  an  American  Goldfinch  being  of  course  arbitrary.  When  the  jiresent 
species  was  first  described  it  was  calle<l  chnrdoiment  de  rAiiiciiijiic,  i.  c,  rardudin  itineri- 
rami :  see  No.  "212.  —  Lat.  tri.slis,  sad,  in  allusion  to  the  plaintive  cry  of  the  bird. 

214.  A.  law-rfin'-cl-i.    To  George  N.  Lawrence,  of  New  York,  the  eminent  ornithologist. 

215.  A.  psal'-trl-S.      See  explanation  of    PiKiItn'iinrit.i,  No.   5:}.      Psaltria   is   not   a   Lat.   adj. 

to  be  made  agreeable  in  gender  with  Astnujalinus,  but  a  Greek  noun,  t/^rfArpio.  signifying 
a  female  lutist.  "  Arkansaw  "  is  not,  as  it  would  seem  to  be,  "  Kansas  "  with  a  jirefix, 
nor  is  it  the  name  by  which  the  aborigines  of  that  country  knew  themselves ;  nor  is 
"  Kansas "  the  right  name  of  any  tribe  of  Indians.  The  meaning  of  neither  of  these 
words  is  known.  "  Arkansaw "  is  preferable  to  Arkansas,  as  nearer  the  original 
"Arkanso." 

216.  A.  p.  5-rI-z5'-na5.    Named  after  the  Territory  of  Arizona,  where  discovered  in  1804. 

See  Peucaa,  No.  253. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOliTIl  AMEIilCAX  BllWS. 


61 


217.  Astragalinus  psaltria  mexicanus  (Sw.)  Coucs.    b  315.  c  I5i6.  R  18'J». 

Mcxioun  UoldJluuli. 

218.  Astragalinus  notatus  (I)ii  Bus)  Coucs.    b  310.  c  — .  u  184.  (!m.) 

Ului'k-licailcd  GolUlliioli. 

219.  Plectrophanes  nivalis  (L.)  Meyer.    Ba-ja.  c  10a.  11 180. 

Snow  Bunting;  Snowllako. 

220.  Centrophanes  lapponicus  (L.)  Kaup.    b  320.  c  133.  Pw  I8T. 

Luiplaml  Longspur. 

221.  Centrophanes  pictus  (Sw.)  Cab.    b  327.  c  154.  11 188. 

Fainted  Longspur. 

222.  Centrophanes  ornatus  (Towns.)  Cab.    B  328,  329.  c  155.  R  189. 

Clicstnut-coliMrcd  Longspur. 

223.  Rhynchophanes  maccowni  (Lawr.)  Bil.    b  330.  c  loo.  u  loo. 

Maccown's  Longspur. 

224.  Passerculus  bairdi  (Ami.)  Cones.    B  .131.  c  157,  I676i«  R  191. 

Balrd*8  Savanna  Sparrow. 


817. 
218. 


219. 


220. 

221. 

222. 
223. 

224. 


A.  p.  mSx-I-cS'-nS.     Lat.  mexkams,  of  Mexico.    See  Sialia,  No.  28. 

A.  nfit-S'-tQs.  Lat.  notatus,  noted,  marked;  nolo,  I  make  note  of.  In  allusion  to  the  dis- 
tinction between  tliis  species  and  C.  imu/clhtnicus. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  uf  tlic  Clicck  List.     Said  by  Audubon  to  have  been  actually 
taken  in  Kentucky.  (?) 

Pl5c-trO'-ph5-n5s  nIv-5'-lIs.  The  Gr.  irK'fiKTpov,  or  Lat.  plectrnm,  was  an  instrument  for 
striking  tlie  lyre,  from  irA^o-ffw,  I  strike;  also  used  for  a  quill,  a  spur,  &c. ;  tlie  nieanin;; 
in  tliis  ease  is  tlie  hind  claw  of  the  bird,  wliich  is  remarkably  long  and  straight.  The 
rest  of  the  word  is  from  ipaivw,  to  appear,  to  seem,  &c.,  the  claw  in  mention  being  likened 
to  the  instrument  spoken  of.  Obs.  There  is  continual  difference  in  opinion  respecting 
the  pronunciation  of  this  and  similar  words,  according  to  whether  we  consider  them  as 
Greek  or  as  Latin.  The  rule  iu  (ireek  would  retain  the  accent  upon  the  root  of  each  word 
entering  into  the  composition,  giving  Plec'-tro-]ili(i"-ncs.  But  in  Latinizing  it  is  allowable, 
and  indeed  j)referable,  to  accent  as  above  ;  as  we  have  also  done  iu  the  cases  of  Ilelmin- 
thu'i>ltiii;ti,  l.oiiho'jihiinrs,  &e.  The  gender  of  the  many  coined  words  ending  in  -phanes  is 
practically  in  question  among  ornithologists ;  we  make  them  masculine. 

CSn-trfi'-ph5-nSs  lap-p6n'-I-cus.  Or.  nivrpov,  a  prick,  nail,  claw,  &c.,  from  KfVTf'w,  I 
prick  or  goad.  Tiie  reference,  as  in  the  case  of  Pleclrojihitncs,  is  to  the  long  hind  claw. 
See  Plectrophanes.  —  Lat.  l<ii>ponicu3,  pertaining  to  Lapland,  formerly  Lapponia. 

C.  pic'-tiSs.  Lat.  pictus,  painted,  from  pinijo,  I  paint  or  ornament;  in  allusion  to  the 
variegated  colors. 

C.  or-na'-tiis.    Lat.  ornatus,  adorned,  decorated,  from  onto,  I  ornament. 

Rhyn-ch6'-ph5-n6s  mSc-c6wn'-i.  Gr.  fivyxos,  snout,  muzzle,  beak,  and  <l>aivti> ;  in  allu- 
sion to  the  large  bill.  See  Plectrophanes.  —  To  Capt.  J.  P.  McCown,  then  of  the  U.  S. 
Army. 

Pas-sEr'-cQ-ltSs  baird'-i.  Lat.  passerculus,  a  little  sparrow;  diminutive  of  passer.  —  To 
Spencer  F.  Baird,  long  time  the  leader  in  North  American  ornithology. 

Centronijx  ochrocephalus,  No.  1&7  bis  of  the  first  ed.,  is  this  species  in  fall  plumage. 


\   :1 


m 

' '  ''I 


:  ij^ 

i 

i 

i : ; 

i 

!     (■,  :■ 

.., 

i| 

52 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


225.  Passerculus  princeps  Mayn.    b  — .  c  158.  R  192. 

Ipswich  Savanna  Sparrow. 

226.  Passerculus  sandvicensis  (Gm.)  Bd.    b  333.  c  i696.  R  193. 

Sandwich  Savanna  Sparrow. 

227.  Passerculus  sandvicensis  savana  (Wils.)  Ridg     B332.  c  159.  r  i93a. 

Common  Savanna  Sparrow. 

228.  Passerculus  sandvicensis  anthinus  (Bp.)  Coues.    B334.  ci59a.  r  194. 

Pipit  Savanna  Sparrow. 

229.  Passerculus  sandvicensis  alaudinus  (Bp.)  Ridg.    b  335.  c  — .  R  1936. 

Larli  Savanna  Sparrow. 

230.  Passerculus  rostratus  (Cass.)  Bd.    B  336.  c  ico.  R  196. 

Bealced  Savanna  Sparrow. 

231.  Passerculus  guttatus  Lawr.    B  — .  c  icoa.  r  195. 

St.  Lucas  Savanna  Sparrow. 

232.  PooBcetes  gramineus  (Gm.)  Bd.    B  337.  c  ici.  R  197. 

Bay-winged  Bunting;  Grass  Finch. 

233.  Pocecetes  gramineus  confinis  Bd.    b  — .  c  16I0.  r  197«. 

Western  Grass  Finch. 

234.  Coturniculus  passerinus  (Wils.)  Bp.     r  338.  c  162.  R  198. 

Yvllow-winged  Sparrow. 


J    ij, 


'V'l 


m   V 


i    » 


225.  P.  prin'-cEps.     Lat.  princeps,  first,  principal ;  from  primus,  first,  and  -ceps. 

226.  P.  sand-vl-cen'-sls.    Nauieu  after  Sandwich  Island,  one  of  tlio  Kurile  or  Aleutian  Archi- 

pelago. 

227.  P.  s.  s5-va'-na.     Properly  Span,  sahana  or  sarana,  anglicized  savanna  or  savannah,  a 

meadow.  As  a  quasi-Latin  word,  it  should  have  but  one  n,  as  in  the  Spanisli.  Tlie 
quantity  of  the  penult  is  marked  by  the  general  rule  for  accentuation  in  Spanish,  that 
words  ending  in  a  vowel  have  the  accent  on  the  penult. 

228.  P.  s.  an-thi'-ni5s.     Arbitrarily  formed  from  anthus,  a  i)ipit,  which  see,  No.  89. 

229.  P.  s.  ai-aud-i'-n2s.    Arbitrarily  formed  from  Lat.  alauda,  a.  lark  ;  this  from  the  Celtic  at, 

high,  and  and,  song. 

Not  in  the  orig.  cd.,  as  then  not  recognized  as  valid. 

230.  P.  rSs-tra'-ttSa.    Lat.  rostratus,  beaked,  i.  c,  having  a  large  beak  ;  rostrum,  a  beak ;  this  from 

rndo,  to  gnaw,  corrode,  &c. 

231.  P.  gut-ta'-ti5s.    Lat.  ipttiatus,  spotted,  speckled;  from  gutta,  a  drop;  as  if  marked  with 

droppings. 

232.  Pa-o5'-c6-tSs  gra-mln'-g-Qs.    Gr.  irda,  rota,  wiv,  ""O'l.  grass,  herbage;   and  oiHfrris,  an 

inhabitant;  from  oIkos,  a  dwelling.  The  ortliograpliy  of  this  word  has  been  unsettled: 
it  was  first  written  Poncirtes  by  Baird  in  1858,  and  has  since  been  variously  spelled. 
The  stenj  of  tlie  first  word  is  to,  giving /io-;  and  oiKtrris  becomes  in  Latin  trceles ;  the 
above  form  seems  eligible,  as  first  emended  by  Sclater  in  1859.  It  may  be  suscept'ble, 
but  not  preferably,  of  further  contraction  into  Pacctes.  — Lat.  rjramiiieus,  grassy  fgura- 
tivcly  applied  to  a  bird  that  lives  much  in  the  grass ;  (jramen,  grass. 

233.  P   g.  cJSn-fi'-nls.    Lat.  coji/ihis,  like  (///ww,  allied  to,  &c.;  ron,  with,  and ^hw,  the  boundary, 

limit,  edge,  or  end  of  a  tiling. 

234.  Ca-tur-nl'-ctS-lfis  pas-sSr-i'-nils.     Arbitrary  diminutive  of  coturnii,  a.  quail;  said  to  be 

so  called  from  the  resemblance  of  the  sound  of  its  voice  to  tiio  sound  of  the  word.  — 
Passerinus,  an  arbitrary  adjective  from  iiasscr,  a  sparrow ;  sparrowlike. 


I' 
ill 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS.  53 

235.  Cotumiculus  passeriims  perpallidus  Ridg.    b  — .  c  i62a,  r  losa. 

Bleached  Yellow-winged  Sparrow. 

236.  Cotumiculus  henslowi  (Aud.)  Bp.    B  339.  c  163.  R  199. 

Ilenslow's  Sparrow. 

237.  Cotumiculus  lecontii  (Aud.)  Bp.    B  340.  c  164.  R  200. 

Le  Conte's  Sparrow. 

238.  Ammodramus  maritimus  (Wils.)  Sw.    b  342.  c  los.  r  202. 

Seaside  Fincb. 

239.  Ammodramus  maritimus  nigrescens  Ritlg.    n  — .  0  i(;5a.  r  203. 

Floridan  Seaside  Fincli. 

240.  Ammodramus  caudacutus  (Wils.)  Sw.    B341.  c  igg.  R201. 

Sliarp-tailed  Fincli. 

241.  Ammodramus  caudacutus  nelsoni  Allen,    b — .  c — .  R  20ia. 

Nelson's   Sliarp-tailed  Finob. 

242.  Melospiza  lincolni  (Aud.)  Bd.    b  3G8.  c  107.  R  234. 

Lincoln's  Song  Sparrow. 

243.  Melospiza  palustris  (Biirtr.)  Bd.     B  369.  c  108.  R  233. 

Swamp  Song  Sparrow. 

244.  Melospiza  fasciata  (Gin.)  Scott,  b  303.  c  109.  R  23i. 

Song  Sparrow. 

235.  C.  p.  pEr-pal'-II-dfls.    L.it. /jfj/ZiWHS,  pallid,  p.tlc,  ami  the  intensive  purticlc  per. 

236.  C.  hCn'-slow-i.     To  I'rof.  J.  S.  Hinislow,  of  (."anibriilgc,  i:ng. 
S37.    C.  le-c6n'-tl-i.     To  Dr.  .Tolm  L.  Le  Conte,  of  riiilailelpliia. 

238.  Am-ma'-drS-mQs  m5r-U'-I-mfls.      .r.  fi/i/uos,  saiul,  sea-sand ;  for  the  rest  of  the  word,  see 

under  I'litcdlramus,  Xo.  110.  The  name  was  originally  written  as  above  by  Swainson, 
and  we  see  no  necessity  of  ehanging  it  to  Aminodromus.  It  is  eouuiionly  accented  on  the 
penult.  —  Lat.  iiKtrilinms,  maritime  ;  iiKire,  the  sea. 

239.  A.  m.  nig-res'-cens.    Lat.  ii/i/ivscois,  present  participle  of  ui(jrcsco,  I  grow  black;  niycr, 

black. 

240.  A.  caud-5-cu'-tfls  (kowdakootus  not  eordak.^wtus].      Lat.  cniidn,  tail,  and  arutiis,  acute, 

sharp ;  urns,  a  pin  or  point,  tir.  0(07  or  oki'i,  whence  the  Lat.  verb  aciio,  of  which  aciitiis 
is  the  perfect  participle. 

241.  A.  c.  nfil'-sfin-i.     To  K.  W.  N'l'lson,  of  Illinois,  who  discovered  it  near  Chicago. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.    Siiue  described  by  Alien,  I'r.  Host.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xvii,  1875,  p.  0.1. 

242.  Mel-d-spi'-z5  lln'-c61-ni.    Gr.  /i»Aoi,  a  song,  melody,  and  (rirl^a  or  er-niCn.  som(>  small  bird  ; 

from  (Twii^w,  I  chirp.  Not  to  be  ('onfoimdi'il,  us  some  writers  have  done,  with  (rwtCia!,  a 
kind  of  hawk.  The  crwi^a  of  Aristotle  is  supposed  to  be  Fn'mii/ln  rnlilm. — To  Robert 
Lincoln,  sometime  a  companion  of  Audubon.  —  In  strictness,  the  above  generic  name 
should  be  pronounced  imlosprrdztili ;  and  the  /  in  liiirohii  be  he  .nl. 

243.  M.  p51-Qs'-trIs.     Lnt.  pnWns,  pertaining  to  a  swautp;  from /ki/im,  a  sw...    •>. 

244.  M.  fas-cl-a'-t5.     Lat.  /;i,<;rm/».«,  striped  ;  /7i.<!n'.s-,  a  bundle  of  fagots.    The  allusu.  ■  is  to  the 

indistinct  bands  upon  the  tail  feathers ;  so  obsulcte  are  they,  in  most  cases,  ti.  ♦  it  is 
only  recently  that  it  has  been  admitted  that  this  is  the  species  described  by  Omelin. 
But  the  markings  are  as  obvious,  in  some  eases,  as  those  on  the  tail  of  Chatiuva /asciaUi. 
The  species  is  given  as  M.  vulodia  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List. 


If 

w 


64 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


i:   .     • 

in 

'im 

245.  Melospiza  fasciata  fallax  (Bd.)  Ridg.    B  367.  c  icoa.  r  23ia. 

Gray  Song  Sparrow. 

246.  Melospiza  fasciata  guttata  (Nutt.)  Ridg.    B  — .  c  iCDfc.  R  23id. 

Oregon  Song  Spa'^row. 

247.  Melospiza  fasciata  rufina  (Brandt)  Ridg.    B  3C0.  c  icjc  r  23ie. 

Rufous  Song  Sparrow. 

248.  Melospiza  fasciata  heermanni  (Bd.)  Ridg.    B  304.  c  icorf.  R  2316. 

Heermann's  Song  Sparrow. 

249.  Melospiza  fasciata  samuelis  (  Bd.)  Ridg.    B  343,  3C5.  c  icoe.  R  23ic. 

Samuels'     Song  Sparrow. 

250.  Melospiza  cinerea  (Gni.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  igo/.  r  232. 

BischoflT' s  Song  Sparrow. 

251.  Peucaea  aestivalis  (Lidit.)  Cab.     B  370.  c  170.  R  226. 

Bachman's  Summer  Finch. 

252.  Peucaea  aestivalis  illinoensis  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  r  226a. 

Illinois  Summer  Finch. 

253.  Peucaea  aestivalis  arizonae  Ridg.    b  — .  c  i70a.  r  227. 

Arizona  Summer  Finch. 


i 


245.  M.  f.  fal'-lax.    Lsit.  fallax,  false,  fallacious,  deceitful ;  in  allusion  to  the  perplexity  attend- 

ing tlie  attempt  to  distinfjuisli  it  specifically  from  M./asciuta. 

246.  M.  f.  gut-ta'-t5.    Lat.  (/uHa/iis,  spotted  ;  (/HMa,  a  drop. 

247.  M.  f.  ru-fi'-na.    Lat.  riifiis,  reddish,  of  which  riijinus  is  an  arbitrary  form. 

248.  M.  f.  heer'-man-ni.    To  Dr.  A.  L.  Heermann,  of  riiiladclphia,  sometime  naturalist  of  the 

Pacific  R.  It.  Survey. 

249.  M.  f.  sSm-Q-e'-lIs.    To  E.  Samuels.     Samuelis  is  more  euphonic  than  the  usual  form 

samiielsi  would  be. 

This  is  M.  gouldii  of  the  first  ed.  of  the  Check  List,  the  name  now  adopted  hav-ng 
priority. 

250.  M.  cIn-6r'-6-Gs.      Lat.  cinerciis,  ashy(-colored) :  from  clnis,  genitive  cincris,  ash.      So  cin- 

der, in-c/«-erate,  &c. 

This  is  M.  iiisiijnis  Bd.  of  the  first  ed.  of  tlie  Clieck  List.  As  Ridgway  has  shown 
(Pr.  Nat.  .  !us.,  ii,  1880,  p.  S)  the  "Cinereus  Fincli"  of  Pennant,  on  whicii  Gmelin  named 
a  Frinffilla  cinerea,  from  Unalaslika,  is  this  bird. 

251.  Peu-cae'-5  aes-tt-va'-lls.     Gr.  wcvK'fi,  a  pine;  supposed  to  be  from  itukoi,  to  prick,  in  allu- 

sion to  the  "  needles  "  of  this  tree.  Lat.  astivtilis  =  cestivus,  pertaining  to  summer ; 
a'stiis,  summer. 

252.  P.  a.  fl-lI-nfi-Sn'-sIs.    To  the   State  of  Illinois,  with  the  termination  -ensis,  indicating 

locality.  Illinois  is  the  French  corruption  of  the  name  by  which  the  aborigines  called 
themselves  —  Illini,  "the  men." 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List ;  since  described  by  Ridgway,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club, 
iv,  1870,  p.  21!). 

253.  P.  a.  5-rI-zo'-naS.    To  the  Territory  of  Arizona.    Arizona  is  probably  a  corruption  of 

Orazona,  the  significance  of  which  is  unknown ;  but  it  may  be  observed  tliat  zona  is  tlie 
word  in  the  Opata  language  for  the  fruit  of  the  mezeal,  a  characteristic  product  of  the 
region. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


55 


254.  Peucaea  cassini  (Woodh.^  Bd.    b  371.  c  nobu.  r  228. 

Cassia's  Summer  Finch. 

255.  Peucaea  nificeps  (Cass.)  Bd.    B  372.  c  171.  R  230. 

Rufous-crowned  Summer  Fincli. 

256.  Peucaea  ruficeps  boucardi  (Scl.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  r  230a. 

Boucard's  Summer  Fincli. 

257.  Peucaea  carpalis  Coiics.    B  — .  c  nuu.  r  229. 

Bendire's  Summer  Fincli. 

2b.     Amphispiza  bilineata  (Cass.)  Cones.    B  355.  c  172.  R  224. 

Blaclt-throated  Fincli. 

259    Amphispiza  belli  (Cass.)  Coues.     B  35c.  c  173.  R  225. 
Bell's  Finch. 

260.  Amphispiza  belli  nevadensis  Ridg.    b  — .  c  i73a.  r  226a. 

Nevada  Finch. 

261.  Junco  hiemalis  (L.)  Scl.    b  354.  c  174.  r  217. 

Common  Snowbird. 

262.  Junco  hiemalis  aikeni  Ridg.    b  — .  c  i74a.  r  21G. 

White-winged  Snowbird. 


ft 


■I! 


254. 
255. 

256. 

257. 


258. 


259. 
260. 


261. 


262. 


P.  cas'-sln-l.    To  John  Cassin,  of  Philadelpliia. 

P.  ru'-n-ceps.     Lat.  rnfus,  reddish,  and  -cops,  a  termination  denoting  tlic  head;   from 

P.  r.  bou-car'-di.  To  Adolphc  Boucard,  a  French  naturalist,  who  collected  in  Mexico  and 
Central  America. 

P.  car-pa'-lls.  Or.  (capirrfs,  fruit,  berry,  grain;  also,  the  wrist;  Latinized  as  cwpus.  The 
derivation  supt.osed  to  he  Kdp<po,,  I  pither,  as  fruit ;  Lat.  mr,m,  I  take,  seize.  The  quasi- 
Latin  carpus  IS  only  use.l  as  signifying  the  wrist ;  the  adjective  rarpnlls  is  an  arbitrary 
form,  denoting  of  or  pertaining  to  the  wrist ;  airpns  and  cm-p,tl  are  common  terms  in 
anatomy.     The  allusion  is  to  the  br   -lit  color  on  the  carpal-joint  of  the  bird's  wing. 

Am-phl-spi'-za  bl-lln-e-a'-ta.     Or.  k,i<t>L  on  both  sides,  an.l  ,r^l(a.  a  fim^Ii ;  in  allusion  to 
the  dose  relation  of  the  genus  to  those  r.i.out  it.     See  }r,h,.ph„,  Xo.  212.     Lat.  biUneala, 
two-lined  ;  l,s,  twice,  an.l  linmtus,  strijied  ;  linoa,  a  line  :  see  Umiria,  Xo.  207. 
This  is  the  l\ms,,i:,i  biUmaht  of  the  first  ed.  of  the  Check  List. 

A.  ber-li.     To  J.  G.  Bell,  of  Xew  York. 

A.  b.  nfiv-a-den'-sls.  To  the  Territory  of  Nevada.  It  were  better  written  nivadrmk,m 
i>alin,  but  IS  directly  from  the  Spanish  adjective  „rrnda,  snowv,  white  as  snow  ;  Lat. 
mrr».s  snowy,  from  mx,  ironitive,  mris,  snow.  The  Territory  was  named  for  the  snow- 
capped  peaks  of  its  Sierras  Xevadas. 

Jun^-co  I  pronounced  yooncoj  hl-fi-ma'-lls.  Lat.  ,/»»n,.,.  a  reed  or  rush  ;  cf.  jnw,o,  I  join, 
.;»"r/,«,  joined ;  either,  reeds  growing  densely  together,  or  used  as  witlies  to  bind  with  1 
—  For  hlrumlis,  see  Amrthnm,  Xo.  70. 

J.  h.  ar-k8n-L    To  Charles  E.  Aiken,  of  Colorado,  its  discoverer. 

This  and  several  other  connecting  forms  of  Juno}  (Xos.  204,  200,  207)  are  not  in 
the  orig.  cd.  of  the  Check  List. 


ii 


lU  I 


56 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.:  BIRDS. 


263.  Junco  hiemalis  oregonus  (Towns.)  Coues.    b  352.  c  175.  r  218. 

Oregon  Snowbird. 

264.  Junco  hiemalis  annectens  (Bd.)  Coues.    b  — .  c  — .  r  219. 

Plnk-slded  Snowbird. 

265.  Junco  hiemalis  caniceps  (Woodh.)  Coues.    b  353.  c  176.  R  220. 

Gray-headed  Snowbird. 

266.  Junco  hiemalis  dorsalis  (Hcniy)  Coues.    b  351.  c  — .  r  221. 

Red-backed  Snowbird. 

267.  Junco  hiemalis  cinereus  (Sw.)  Coues.    b  360.  c  — .  r  222. 

Cinereous  Snowbird. 

268.  Spizella  monticola  (Gm.)  Bd.    b  357.  c  177.  r  210. 

Tree  Chipping  Sparrow. 

269.  Spizella  domestica  (Bartr.)  Coues.    B  359.  c  178.  R  211. 

Chipping  Sparrow;  Hairbird. 

270.  Spizella  domestica  arizonae  Coues.    b  — .  c  i78a.  r  2iia. 

Arizona  Chipping  Sparrow. 

271.  Spizella  agrestis  (Bartr.)  Coues.    B  358.  c  179.  R  214. 

Field  Chipping  Sparrow. 

272.  Spizella  pallida  (Sw.)  Bp.    B  3G0.  c  I80.  R  212. 

Clay-colored  Chipping  Sparrow. 


263.  J.  h.  ar-6'-ga-nQs.    To  the  Territory  of  the  Oregon.    The  name  is  much  in  dispute;  by 

some  derived  from  the  name  of  a  plant  (onV/njiMw)  growing  tiiere.  It  is  probably,  how- 
ever, tlie  Algonkiu  name  of  the  "  great  river,"  the  Columbia. 

264.  J.  h.  an-n5c'-t5ns.    Present  participle  of  aimecto,  I  join  together,  connect,  annex ;  ad,  to, 

and  necto,  I  fasten,  join.     The  bird  is  very  closely  related  to  several  others. 

265.  J.  h.  c3'-nl-ceps.    Lat.  canus,  hoary,  grayisli  white,  and  -ceps,  the  termination  indicating 

head,  from  k«(/)oAi^. 

266.  J.  h.  dSr-sa'-lIs.    Lat.  dorsum,  the  back,  whence  the  late  Latin  adjective,  dorsalis. 

267.  J.  h.  cIn-6r'-6-fis.    Lat.  cinpreH.s,  ashy  (-colored) ;  ci'n/s,  ash. 

The  true  Mexican  cinereus  has  been  found  in  the  United  States  (Arizona)  since  the 
orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List  appeared. 

268.  Spiz-el'-lS  [pronounced  speedzaylla]  m5n-tl'-c6-15.     An  arbitrary   diminutive,  in  Latin 

form,  from  Gr.  (Tiri^a,  a  finch. —  Lat.  monticola,  a  mountain-dweller,  from  mons,  genitive 
monlis,  a  mountain,  and  colo,  I  dwell,  ^fons  is  from  a  root  min,  wlionco  cmineo,  for  exam- 
ple, I  project ;  eminxnt,  Imminent,  prominent,  and  also  the  deponent  verb  minor,  to  threaten, 
whence  minatenj,  &c.,  are  all  allied. 

269.  S.  d0m-es'-tl-c5.    Lat.  domestica,  from  domus,  a  house. 

This  is  S.  .lociaiis  of  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List. 

270.  S.  d.  5-rI-z5'-na5.    To  the  Territory  of  Arizona     See  Pe.uceea,  No.  253. 

271.  S.  ag-rSs-tl3.    Lat.  oi;res<is,  of  or  pertaining  to  a  field ;  oiycr,  a  field,  supposed  by  some  to  be 

related  to  arjo,  as  something  that  may  be  worked ;  others  say  from  the  Gr.  iiyp6s,  land. 
This  is  .!^.  pusilla  of  the  orig.  cd.  of  the  Check  List. 

272.  S.  pai'-lI-dS.    Lat.  pallidus,  pale,  pallid. 


i  i 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


67 


273.  Spizella  breweri  Cass,    b  3Ci.  c  isoa.  r  212.         , 

Brewer^s  Chipping  Sparrow. 

274.  Spizella  atrigularis  (Cab.)  Bd.    b  362.  c  I8I.  R  215. 

Black-cliinned  Chipping  Sparrow. 

275.  Zonotrichia  albicoUis  (Gm.)  Bp.    B  349.  c  182.  r  209. 

Wliitc-throated  Crown  Sparrow. 

276.  Zonotrichia  leucophrys  (Foist.)  Sw.    b  345.  c  183.  r  200. 

Wlilte-browed  Crown  Sparrow. 

277.  Zonotrichia  leucophrys  intermedia  Ridg.    b  346.  c  1836.  r  207a. 

Intermediate  Crown  Sparrow. 

278.  Zonotrichia  gambeli  Nutt.    b  346.  c  I83a.  k  207. 

Gambel's  Crown  Sparrow. 

279.  Zonotrichia  coronata  (Pall.)  Bd.    B  347.  c  184.  R  208. 

Golden  Crown  Sparrow. 

280.  Zonotrichia  querula  (Nutt.)  Garab.    B  348.  c  185.  R  205. 

Harris's  Crown  Sparrow. 

281.  Chondestes  grammicus  (Say)  Bp.    b  344.  c  I86.  r  204,  204a. 

Lark  Finch. 


J  the 


to  be 
land. 


273.  S.  brew'-fir-i.    To  Thomas  Mayo  Brewer,  of  Boston,  long  the  leading  oiilogist  of  the 

United  States. 

Tliis  is  given  in  the  first  cd.  of  the  Check  List  as  a  var.  of  pallida. 

274.  S.  a-trl-gul-a'-rls.    Lat.ater, atra.atrum, hlnak;  and  j«/a//s,  pertaining  to  the  throat;  jfw/a, 

tlie  tliroat,  gullet. 

275.  Zo-no-trich'-!-a  fprononnced  Dzonotreekeya]  al-bl-col'-lls.     Gr.   ('^''V,  <*   girdle,  band, 

zone,  and  rpixds  or  rptxtds,  some  kind  of  bird ;  in  allusion  to  tlio  conspicuously  banded 
heads  of  sparrows  of  tliis  group.  Or,  tiie  latter  part  of  the  word  may  be  directly  from 
Tptxlai  (9p'|,  genitive  rpixos),  hairy;  i.e.,  having  the  head  striped.  —  Lat.  alLicolli.i, 
white-throated;  alhu.i,  wiiite,  and  colliim,  the  collar,  neck. 

276.  Z.  Ieu-c5'-phrys.    Gr.  \tvK6s,  white,  and  oippis,  eyebrow. 

277.  Z.  1.  in-ter-m6d'-I-5.    Lat.  inlermediiis,  intermediate,  between  two  things ;  inter,  between. 

among,  and  meditm,  middle ;  related  to  Gr.  jueVor,  of  same  meaning. 

Not  in  the  orig.  cd. ;  since  discriminated  botli  from  leucophrys  and  from  gnmheli. 

278.  Z.  gam'-b61-T.    To  William  Gambel,  of  Philadelphia,  one  of  the  pioneers  in  Californian 

ornitiiology. 

In  the  orig.  ed.  this  is  given  as  a  var.  of  lencnphri/s ;  since  decided  to  be  distinct. 

279.  Z.  cSr-o-na'-tS.     Lat.  romnatus,  crowni.,i,  participle  of  rnroiio,!  crown;  rnrnna,  a  crown. 

Coronis  or  Koptivts  was  the  name  of  a  Thessaiian  princess  ;  also,  a  scroll  witli  whidi 
writers  marked  tlie  end  of  a  piece  of  writing  —  "  tinis  eoronat  opus."  Cm-one  or  Koptivrj 
was  also  a  crow  or  raven,  into  which  the  princess  was  fabled  to  have  been  transformed 
by  her  spouse  Apollo,  and  survives  in  ornithology  in  the  term  Covviis  corone  L. 

quCr'-fi-ia.  Lat.  quendus  or  qiierulosus,  plaintive,  querulous ;  from  qucror,  to  complain, 
lament. 


280 
281 


Chon-d8s'-t5s  gram'-ml-cOs.  Gr.  x"^"'?"*.  cartilage  ;  also,  a  kind  of  grain;  -eslen  is  from 
the  root  ?8ai,  I  eat.  Is  not  the  word  more  properly  to  be  written  rhondrestes  ?  We  suppose 
it  to  be  masculine.  —  Lat.  grammicus,  from  yramma,  &  line,  word,  mark,  in  allusion  to  the 


ill 


C8 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIliDS. 


282.  Passerella  iliaca  (Merr.)  Sw.    b  374.  c  188.  R  235. 

Fox  Sparrow. 

283.  Pas-^ercila  iliaca  unalascensis  (Gm.)  Ridg.    b  376.  c  i89.  r  235a. 

Townsend^s  Fox  Sparrow. 

284.  Passerella  ilit  ca  schistacea  (  Bd.)  All.    b  37g.  c  isoa.  r  236c. 

Slate-colored  Fox  Sparrow. 

285.  Passerella  iliaca  megarhyncha  (Bd.)  Ilcnsh.    b  — .  c  — .  r  2356. 

Large-billed  Fox  Sparrow. 

286.  Jalamospiza  bicolor  (Towns.)  Bp,    b  377.  c  loo.  r  25G. 

Lark  Bunting. 

287.  Spiza  americana  (Gm.)  Bp.    b  378.  c  loi.  r  254. 

Black-throated  Bunting. 

288.  Spiza  townsendi  (And.)  Ridg.    b  379.  c  192.  r  255.  (?) 

Tow^nsend's  Bunting. 


stripes  on  the  head ;  Gr.  ypdn/m,  ypamtiKSs.  Usually  written  fjrammara  or  grammacus,  for 
wliiiih  there  is  no  authority.  And  even  the  corrected  form  is  bad  enough  ;  for  graminiciis 
does  not  mean  lincatus,  striped,  marked  with  lines,  but  linearis,  linear,  iiaving  the  quality 
of  a  line. 

283.  Pas-sfir-el'-lS  i-lI'-5-c5.  An  arbitrary  diminutive  of  Lat.  passer,  like  splzella  from  spiza. 
—  For  iliaca,  see  Tiirdus  iliacus,  No.  4.  Applicability  of  the  name  inobvious  ;  it  may  be 
intended  to  note  some  resemblance  to  the  thrush  in  mention,  or  refer  to  the  conspicuous 
markings  of  the  flanks. 

283.  P.  i.  u-nS-Ias-c5n'-sIs.    The  name  of  the  Aleutian  Island  for  which  this  species  is  named, 

has  no  settled  orthography  :  Unalashka,  Unalasclika,  Unalasclia,  Ouna-,  Oona-,  Aoona-, 
Aona-,  &c.    In  the  present  case,  Pennant  wrote  Unalasclia  Bunting,  of  wliich  Gmelin 
made  Emtieriza  unalascheensis,  and  was  nearly  followed  by  Ridgway  ;   but  the  word  may 
be  euphonized  as  above,  just  as  we  have  alascrnsis  as  the  name  of  a  wren,  No.  78. 
Tliis  stands  as  Passerella  lownsendii  in  the  orig.  ed. 

284.  P.  i.  sch!s-ta'-c6-S.    Lat.  (late)  .•sc/y/.s/afpii.'!,  slaty,  relating  to  slate;  in  this  case,  in  color; 

srhislns  or  trxiirTifj,  split,  cleft,  or  fissile,  capable  of  easy  cleavage,  as  slatc-sione  is.  The 
same  stem  is  seen  in  srhism,  schismatic. 

This  stands  as  P.  lownscmlii  var.  schistacea  in  the  orig.  ed. 

285.  P.  i.  m6g-5-rhyn'-cha.    Gr.  la^ya,  great,  large,  and  ^vyxos,  Lat.  rhi/nchiis,  snout,  muzzle, 

beak.    More  exactly  to  be  written  merjalnrhi/ncha. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List ;  since  revived  bj'  II.  W.  Ilcnshaw. 

286.  C51-5-m5-spiz'-S  bi'-cai-8r.    Lat.  calamus  or  Gr.  Kd\afjios,  a  reed,  rush,  cane,  flag;  and 

spiza.  See  under  Passer,  Xo.  102,  and  Afrlospiza,  No.  212.  —  Lat.  bicolor,  two-colored;  bis, 
twice  ;  in  allusion  to  the  black-and-white  of  the  male. 

287.  Spiz'-5  [pronounced  Speedzali]  5m-er-T-ca'-n5.     See  under  Mdnspiza,  No.  242. 

Tills  stands  as  Euspiza  amcr.  in  the  orig.  ed.  For  the  change,  sec  Ridg.,  Pr.  Nat. 
Mus.,  II,  1880,  p.  3. 

288.  S.  town'-s«nd-i.    To  J.  K.  Townsend. 

Given  as  Euspiza  towns,  in  the  orig  ed.  No  second  specimen  of  this  alleged  species  is 
known,  and  it  is  not  improbable  that  the  type  came  from  an  egg  laid  by  .S'.  americana. 
But  even  such  Immediate  ancestry  would  not  forbid  recognition  of  "  specific  characters ; " 
tlie  solitary  bird  having  been  killed,  it  represents  a  species  which  died  at  its  birth. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


m 


289.  Zamelodia  ludoviciana  (L.)  Cones,    b  sso.  c  193.  r  244. 

Rose-breasted  Song  Grosbeak. 

290.  Zamelodia  melanocephala  (Sw.)  Coues.    B  381.  c  194.  R  245. 

Black-headed  Song  Grosbeak. 

291.  Guiraca  ccerulea  (L.)  Sw.    b  382.  c  195.  r  246. 

Blue  Grosbeak. 

292.  Passerina  ciris  (L.)  Gray.     B  384.  c  196.  r  251. 

Painted  Finch  ;  Nonpareil. 

293.  Passerina  versicolor  (Bp.)  Gray.    B  385.  c  197.  R  250. 

Versicolor  Painted  Fincb. 

294.  Passerina  amcena  (Say)  Gray,    b  386.  c  198.  u  249. 

Lazuli  Painted  Fincli. 

295.  Passerina  cyanea  (L.)  Gray,    b  387.  c  199.  R  248. 

indigo  Painted  Finch;  Indigo-bird. 

296.  Spermophila  moreleti  riichcran.    B  388.  c  200.  R  252. 

Morelot's  Seed-eater. 

297.  Phonipara  zena  (L.,  1758)  Bryant.    B  — .  c  201.  r  253.  (!  w.  I.) 

Black-faced  Finch. 

289.  Za-mSl-o'-dl-a  Iu-d5-vl-ct-a'-n5.  Gr,  f<£,  an  intensive  particle,  and  ;ufXy8/o,  singinp, 
nieloily  ;  in  nIlu:jion  to  tlie  strilcingly  ricli  song.  —  To  Louisinnii ;  si'e  Thnjatliorifi,  No.  6S. 
This  is  given  as  Gonkiphea  lad.  in  tlie  orig.  cd.  For  tiie  clumgo,  see  Cones,  Bull. 
Nutt.  Club,  V,  1880,  p.  98. 
Z.  mel-5n-6-ceph'-5-ia.  Gr.  ni\as,  feminine  fieKatva,  neuter  /xtXav,  blaek  ;  Kt<pa\'fi,  the  head. 
GuIr'-5-c5  [pronouncid  Gweeraheah]  coe-rfll'-C-S.  The  generic  word  is  barbarous,  from 
some  South  American  vernacular,  and  of  uncertain  meaning.  It  occurs,  witli  several 
similar  words,  as //w/id,  in  Marcgrave.  We  mark  the  accent  {for  which  there  is  no  author- 
ity) as  usually  heard.  —  For  cariika,  see  Polloplila,  No.  30. 
Pas-s6r-1'-n5  ci'-rls.  Passerina,  formed  from  Passer,  as  PasscreUa  and  Passemiliis  also  are. 
—  C'irls,  (Jr.  K(7pis,  a  kind  of  bird,  into  which  Scylla,  daughter  of  Nisus,  is  fabled  to  have 
been  changed.  —  Non|)areil  =  "  the  incomparable." 

For  use  of  Passerina,  instead  of   Cyanosjiiza  of  the  orig.  ed.,  see  Coues,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Club,  v,  1880,  p.  !)0. 
293.    P.  ver-sT'-c61-fir.     Lat.  versia>h>r,  of  changing  or  versatile  colors,  many-colored,  party-col- 
ored ;  vrrso,  I  turn  about,  change,  am  occupied  with,  versed  in,  &c. ;  color,  color. 

P.  5-moe'-na  [ahmwaynah].    Lat.  amwna,  delightful,  charming,  dressy. 

P.  cy-Sn'-e-S.    Lat  eyaneus,  Gr.  Kudvfos  or  Kvavot,  dark  blue. 

Sper-mfl'-phl-lS  m8re-let'-i.  Gr.  o-Trc'p/ua,  genitive  (rirfpfiaros,  a,  seed  ;  from  imtpai,  equal 
to  the  Lat.  spanp,  I  sow  seed:  and  <pl\os.  from  (piKfw,  I  love.  The  word  is  contracted; 
the  full  form  is  .tpermatophila.  —  To Morelet,  a  French  naturalist. 

Ph5-nl'-p5-r5  ze'-n5.  Gr.  0«v^,  a  sound,  the  voice  ;  (^tj/u/,  I  speak  ;  the  Fnglisli  "phonetic" 
is  from  the  same.  The  rest  of  the  word  appears  to  l)e  from  Lat.  jmrio,  1  bring  forth,  beget, 
produce,  having  the  same  root  as  is  seen  in  primi-/)(ii-(7,  /»(r-turient,  vivi-/)ur-ous,  &c. ;  if 
so,  the  word  is  a  hybrid  which  would  be  better  written  sonlpara  or  roeipara.  The  mean- 
ing of  :ena  we  do  not  know  ;  we  suppose  it  not  to  be  of  Greek  or  Latin  derivation. 

This  is  given  as  P.  hieolor  in  the  orlg.  ed.  of  the  Check  List,  after  Frinyilla  hicolor  L., 
1700;  but  it  seems  that  /'.  zena  L.,  1708,  is  the  prior  tenable  name. 


290 
291 


292. 


294. 
295. 
296. 

297. 


3 


1  ■  ',1 

!      ■!  1 

i    'M 
j   .1 


n 


60 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


298.  Pyrrhuloxia  sinuata  Bp.    b  38o.  c  202.  r  243. 

Texas  Cardinal  Grosbeak. 

299.  Cardinalis  virginiana  Bp.    b  300.  c  203.  r  242. 

Cardinal  Grosbealc;  Virginia  Redbird. 

300.  Cardinalis  virginiana  ignea  (Bd.)  Cones,    b  — .  c  203rt.  n  242a. 

Fiery-red  Cardinal  Grosbeali. 

301.  Pipilo  erythrophthalmus  (L.)  V.    b  391.  c  204.  r  237. 

Towliee  Bunting;  Cliewinlc. 

302.  Pipilo  erythrophthalmus  alleni  Cones,    b  — .  c  204a.  r  2?un. 

White-eyed  Towhee  Bunting. 

303.  Pipilo  maculatus  oregonus  (Bell)  Cones,    b  392.  c  205.  r  2;;86. 

Oregon  Towhee  Bunting. 

304.  Pipilo  maculatus  arcticus  (Sw.)  Coues.    b  3!)3.  c  205a.  r  238. 

Arctic  Towhee  Bunting. 

305.  Pipilo  maculatus  megalonyx  (Bd.)  Couos.    b  394.  c  2056.  r  238a. 

Spurred  Towhee  Bunting. 


S98.  P}rr-rhiS-15x'-T-S  sIn-Q-a'-t5.  A  forcible  combination  of  Pijrrhula  and  Lo.rin :  sec  these 
words,  Nos.  100  and  100 ;  or  may  be  said  to  be  more  properly  conipoinulod  of  pj/nhim, 
itv^(>os,  fiery-red,  and  Kollas;  in  wliicli  event,  it  siiould  be  written  pijrrhutoxM.  —  Lat.  siima- 
tiis,  bent,  bowed,  curved,  as  the  bill  of  the  bird  is;  from  siniio,  the  verb;  slims,  the  noun, 
a  curve,  bending,  bay. 

290.  Car-dln-a'-lls  vlr-gln-l-a'-n5.  Lat.  cardinalis,  pertaining  to  a  door-hinge  :  canlo,  genitive 
cardiiils,  a  door-hinge  ;  hence,  that  upon  wliicli  something  turns  or  depends  ;  as,  cardinal 
points  of  the  compass ;  hence,  any  important  thing  or  person ;  applied  with  obvious  sig- 
nification to  the  chief  officials  of  the  I'ope.  These  ecclesiastical  dignitaries  wear  red ; 
hence  the  phrase  "cardinal-red."  The  term  is  ajjplied  to  the  bird  as  descriptive  of  its 
rich  red  color.  As  a  Latin  word,  cardinalis  is  only  an  adjective;  used  substantively,  its 
gender  is  either  masculine  or  feminine.  We  take  the  latter,  because  most  words  ending  in 
IS-  are  feminine. —  Lat.  virginiana,  of  Virginia,  euphemistically  named  for  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Henry  VIII. 

300.  C.  V.  ig'-n6-S.    Lat.  igneus,  fiery,  flaming ;  said  of  color  as  well  as  of  other  properties ; 

iijnis,  fire. 

301.  Pi'-pH-S  6-rjrth-r8ph-th51'-miSs.    Vieillot,  in  forming  tlie  word,  wrote  both  pipilo  and 

pipillo.  It  is  a  Latin  verb,  meaning,  like/)//)/o,  I  pip,  peep,  chirp.  Notice  the  accentua- 
tion and  quantity  of  the  vowels.  —  Gr.  4pv0p6s,  red  or  reddish;  ipdBw,  I  redden  ;  oipOaX- 
Ii6s,  the  eye,  from  iirroiiai,  a  verb  obsolete  in  the  present,  or  opiui,  I  see  ;  we  find  both 
words  in  "ophthalmic,"  "  optic."  The  species  is  red-eyed.  —  The  curious  Knglish  words 
"  towhee  "  and  "  chewink  "  are  onomatopecic :  that  is,  coined  to  imitate  the  sound  of 
the  bird's  voice. 

P.  e.  51'-l6n-i.  To  Joel  Asaph  Allen,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  one  of  the  leading  naturalists 
of  the  United  States. 

P.  m5-cQl-5'-tfls  6r-6-g5'-niSs.    Lat.  winrH/a/us,  spotted  ;  mncH/a,  a  spot.  —  To  the  Oregon 
River.     Quantity  of  the  penult  in  q\iestion,  perhaps  bettor  ore'gdnus. 
The  stock  species,  P.  maculatus,  is  not  North  American. 

P.  m.  arc'-tl-c5.     See  Slalia,  No.  20. 

P.  m.  m6-gSl'-fi-n"x.  Gr.  /itydKri  (feminine  of  fityas),  large,  great,  and  6vu^,  Lat.  oni/x,  a 
nail,  claw,  talon.  The  word  is  connnonly  accented  on  a  long  penult;  a  practice  perhaps 
defensible  on  the  ground  that  niegalS-Onyx  =  megalonyx. 


302. 
303. 


304. 
305. 


ft  :. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


CI 


306.  Pipilo  fliscus  mesoleucus  (Bd.)  Ridg.    b  397.  c  200.  R  240. 

Brown  Towhee  Bunting;  Cuiion  Bunting. 

307.  Pipilo  ftiscus  albigula  (Bd.)  Coues.    B  — .  c  20C0.  r  240a. 

IVblte-throated  Towheo  Bunting. 

308.  Pipilo  fiiscus  crissalis  (Vig.)  Coues.    B  396.  c  2066.  R  2406. 

Crlssal  Towhee  Bunting. 

309.  Pipilo  aberti  Bd.    b  395.  c  207.  R  241. 

Abort's  Towhee  Bunting. 

310.  Pipilo  Chlonirus  (Towns.)  Bd.     B  398.  C  208.  R  239. 

Green-tailed  Towlieo  Bunting. 

311.  Embernagra  rufovirgata  Lawr.    b  373.  c  209.  r  236. 

Green  Finch. 

312.  Dolichonyx  oryzivorus  (L.)  Sw.    b  399.  c  210.  r  257. 

Bobolink;  Reed-bird;  Rice-bird. 


Mi 


308.  P.  fus'-ciSs  m£s-fi-leQ'-ciis.    Lat./iMcis,  fuscous,  dark,  dusky,  likcyi/wis;  both  allied  to 

Gr.  optpds,  of  same  meaning,  from  6p(f>i  ■f),  night  or  darkness  '.  —  Gr.  fiiaoi,  middle,  \fvK6s, 
wliitc;  in  allusion  to  the  color  of  the  middle  under  parts.  This  word  is  derived  from 
Afi/fTo-oi  or  yKaixKTw,  I  shine ;  this  from  ay\aia,  splendor,  the  name  of  one  of  the  Muses. 

This  is  given  as  P.  ftiscus  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  but  the  bird  of  Arizona  is  said  to  be  dis- 
tinguishable from  the  Mexican  stock  species. 

307.  P.  f.  ai-bl'-gfl-ia.  [Not  albii/cw'ler.]  Lat.  alhiis,  white;  gula,  throat.  This  is  one  of  num- 
berless cases  where  the  termination  of  the  word  is  in  question.  AUiigulu  may  be  taken 
as  a  feminhie  noun,  and  left  in  this  form,  whatever  the  gender  of  the  word  with  which 
it  is  associated ;  or  it  may  be  considered  an  adjective  in  -us,  -a,  -urn,  and  made  masculine 
to  agree  with  P./itsnis.  There  is  ample  authority  and  precedent  for  the  latter  course, 
which  our  taste  disinclines  us  to  take.  Knglish  affords  a  parallel  latitude  of  construc- 
tion, as  when  we  say  indifferently  "yellow-rump  warbler  "or  "yellow-rumped  warbler," 
"  Carolina  chickadee  "  or  "  Carolinian  chickadee."  A  better  form  than  either  altn'i/ithis 
or  albifjuhi  would  be  (Mujiilmis. 

303.  P.  f.  cris-sa'-lls.  Late  Lat.  nissalis,  pertaining  to  the  crissum,  or  under-tail  coverts,  which 
in  this  bird  are  highly  colored.  There  arc  no  such  classic  words,  thej-  having  been  in- 
vented by  llliger  in  1811:  but.  there  is  a  verb  crisso,  expressing  a  certain  action  of  the  parts. 

309.  P.  5'-bert-i.    To  Lieutenant  .J.  W.  Abert,  of  the  U.  S.  A  n-  ,  who  discovered  it. 

310.  P.  chlo-ru'-riis.     Gr.  x^aipc^j,  green,  from  x^fia,  green  grass;  oZpa,  tail. 

311.  Em-ber-na'-grS  ru-fd-vir-ga'-t5.     EmlHrmuim  is  a  villanous  word,  concocted  by  Lesson 

out  of  Emhcrha  and  Tanw/ra.  Euihrrizn,  a  bunting,  is  a  word  the  derivation  of  which 
is  not  classic.  It  is  said,  doubtless  correctly,  to  be  Latinized  from  the  O.  II.  G.  Kmhritz: 
"Charleton  (1008)  has  Emliri/:a  "  CVVharton's  MS.) ;  and  we  may  add  that  there  were 
various  other  forms  of  the  word  before  it  settled  into  the  present  one.  —  There  are  Latin 
words  Tnniiger  and  Tmuujra  ;  but  these  are  geographical  proper  names,  having  nothing 
to  do  with  the  present  case.  Tamjam  or  TamKjra  is  a  South  American  vernacular 
word.  —  Lat.  rnfiis,  rufous,  reddish,  and  rirrjatns,  literally,  made  of  twigs;  from  vin/a,  a 
rod,  switch,  the  application  being  the  stripes  with  which  the  bird  is  marked.  Commonly 
written  rufivinjota :  see  f.ojthoiih(ims.  No.  42. 

312.  D61-Tch'-6-nyx  6-ry-zI'-v6-riSs.    Gr.  8oAix<^s,  long,  and  it^uf,  a  nail,  claw,  talon.    The  gender 

is  in  question  ;  but  the  Greek  uw^,  Lat.  oniix,  is  masculine,  though  Latin  words  in  -yx  are 
usually  feminine.  The  usual  pronunciation  is  dolicho'nyx:  but  see  Pipilo,  No.  305.  Gr. 
Spu(a,  or  Lat.  oiyza,  rice,  and  voro,  I  devour. 


»i 


i.i 


IIP 


62 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


313.  Molothrus  ater  (Codd.)  Gray,    b  400.  c  2H.  r  268. 

Cowbird. 

314.  Molothrus  ater  obscurus  (Gm.)  Coues.    b  — .  c  211a.  r  268a. 

Dwarf  Cow-bird. 

316.  Molothrus  aeneus  Cab.    B  — .  c  — .  r  269. 

Bronzed  Cowbird. 

316.  Agelseus  phceniceus  (L.)  V.    b  401.  c  212.  r  2C1. 

Red-winged  Marsh  Blacltbird. 

317.  Agelaeus  phceniceus  gubemator  (Wagl.)  Coucs.    B402.  C2i2a.  R2Cia. 

Red-sliouldered  Marsli  Blacltbird. 

318.  Agelseus  tricolor  Niitt.    b  403.  c  2126.  r  202. 

Red-aud-whito-sliouldered  Marsli  Blaclibird. 


wi:y-^ 


313.  M8-ia'-thr0s  a'-t€r.     Undc  derivnttirl    The  ortliogrnpliy  and  etymology  of  molothrus  are 

alike  in  dispute.  Swainsun  liiinsclf  says,  "  noKoOpos,  qui  <wii  vncalu.i  nliemi.i  avdi-s  inlrat;  " 
that  is,  an  uninvited  guest.  There  being  no  such  Greek  womI  as  noKodpos,  but  tliere  being 
a  good  Greek  word  tio\ofip6s,  meaning  one  who  roams  in  quest  of  food,  a  vagabond,  a 
beggar,  a  i)arasite,  a  "  tramp"  (as  we  siiould  say  now),  and  therefore  exactly  answering 
to  Swainson's  explanation  of  his  molothrus,  it  has  been  supposed  by  Cabanis  that  Swain- 
son  meant  to  say  molohrus,  and  the  word  has  consequently  been  changed.  Though  this 
is  very  true,  it  is  also  to  be  observed  that  Swainson  wrote  molothrus  mere  than  once, 
showing  it  not  to  be  a  misprint  or  other  mistake,  and  that,  further,  it  is  quite  possible  to 
construct  the  word  molothrus  from  fiuXos  and  OpdirKw  {Bopetv,  e6pw,  0ua>),  and  answer  all 
the  conditions  of  Swainson's  definition  ;  molothrus  being,  in  this  case,  a  bird  whicli  takes 
uninvited  possession  of  other  birds'  nests,  and  there  leaves  an  alien  egg  in  mockery  of 
the  rightful  owners.  We  therefore  see  no  necessity  to  rcj)lace  molothrus  by  molohrus.  The 
first  o  is  marked  long  as  being  Or.  ai,  the  second  as  lengthened  by  position. 
This  stands  in  the  orig.  ed.  as  M.  pccoris,  corrected  in  a  footnote. 

314.  M.  a.  5b-scu'-rfls.     Lat.  obscurus,  obscure,  dark;  ohscuro,  I  darken;   Gr.  ffKid,  shadow, 

shade. 

This  stands  as  M.  pccoris  var.  obscurus  in  the  orig.  ed. 

315.  M.  a.  aE'-n6-Qs.    Lat.  eencHs,  of  brass,  brassy,  brazen,  bronzed;  from  <rs,  genitive  erris,  brass. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  since  discovered  by  J.  C.  Merrill,  in  Texas. 

316.  A-gel-a5'-Qs  phoS-ni'-cC-Qs.    Gr.  iytAoioj,  pertaining  to  flocks  and  herds,  from  i-yt'ATj,  a 

flock  :  this  from  ayftpw,  I  assemble,  from  Syoi,  I  lead ;  in  allusion  to  the  gregariousness 
of  these  Blackbirds.  —  Gr.  ipoivlKtos,  or  Lat.  phceniceus,  deep  red ;  "  a  color  first  intro- 
duced into  Greece  by  the  Phoenicians."  The  fabulous  bird  Phuunix,  and  the  name  of 
Phoenician,  and  the  word  for  flame-color,  are  all  the  same,  tpolvt^.  This  itself  is  a  ra<li- 
cal  word,  but  related  through  <t)ow6t,  <p6vos,  with  (ptvai,  (fxia,  I  kill,  slay,  as  if  the  idea  of 
the  whole  set  of  words  were  that  of  murder,  from  its  traditional  color  of  blood.  The 
obvious  application  is  to  the  scarlet  on  the  wings. 

317.  A.  p.  gflb-Er-na'-t6r.      Lat.  ijubcmator,  Gr.  KvBfpvfirris  (cybcrnetcs),  a  pilot,  helnisman  ; 

fjuhernum  or  ipthcrnaoilum,  a  rudder,  tiller  ;  r/uhcriio,  Gr.  Kufifpvda)  or  Kvfitpvu.  I  steer  a  ship  ; 
hence,  to  direct  or  govern  in  general.  Govern,  governor,  are  directly  from  ijuhcrno,  and 
the  actual  Latin  lingers  in  gubernatorial.  The  ini])lication  is  the  red  shoulder-knots  or 
epaulettes  of  the  bird,  as  if  signs  of  rank  or  command. 

318.  A.  trl'-c61-5r.    Lat. /nco/or,  three-colored ;  /res,  three,  becoming  in  composition  <n-. 

This  stands  as  A.  phctniceus  var.  tricolor  in  the  first  ed.,  but  proves  to  be  sufliciently 
distinct. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


68 


319.  Xanthocephalus  icterocephalus  (Bp.)  Bd.    b  404.  c  213.  R  260. 

Yellow-headed  Swamp  Blackbird. 

320.  Sturnella  magna  (L.)  Sw.    b  400.  c  214.  r  203. 

Meadow  Starling;  Flold-lark. 

321.  Sturnella  magna  mexicana  (Scl.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  r  203a. 

Mexican  Meadow  Starling. 

322.  Sturnella  magna  neglecta  (Aud.)  Allen,    b  407.  c  2i4a.  r  204. 

Western  Meadow  Starling. 

323.  Icterus  vulgaris  Daud.    b  408.  c — .  r  2C5.  (»w.i.) 

Trouplal. 

324.  Icterus  spurius  (L.)  Bp.    b  414.  c  216.  r  270. 

Orchard  Oriole. 

325.  Icterus  spurius  affinis  (Lawr.)  Coucs.    b  — .  c  2i6a.  r  — .  (?) 

Texas  Orchard  Oriole. 

326.  Icterus  galbula  (L.,  1758)  Coues.    b  41B.  c  216.  r  271. 

Baltimore  Oriole. 


i  > 
i  ■ 


cntly 


319.  X5n-th8-ceph'-51-fls  Ic-ter-fi-ceph'-SI-iSs.    Gr.  {oi/9rfi,  bright  yellow.  — Or.  Urtpot,  or  Lat, 

icterus,  see  Icteria,  No.  144.    Kelntcd  apparently  to  1k(d,  I  attack,  as  disease  does. 

320.  Stur-n5l'-15  mag'-nS.    Diminutive  of  Lat.  «<i(rnMs,  a  starling;  as  spizelln  from  spiza.  —  Lat. 

mat^niia,  great,  large  ;  root  nuu/,  as  seen  in  Gr.  n^yas;  whence  also  viacttis,  magnified,  glo* 
rifled  :  mayl,  mar/icicin,  miu/ic,  are  all  allied. 

321.  S.  m.  m5x-I-ca'-n5.    Latinized  Mexican.     See  S'/a^/o,  No.  28. 

Not  in  the  orig,  ed.    Since  discovered  in  Te.xas  by  J,  C.  Merrill. 

322.  S.  m.  n5g-lSc'-t5.    Lat.  ne<jkcia,  neglected,  that  is,  not  chosen,  not  heeded ;  from  ncc,  not, 

and  l((jo,  I  elioose,  select,  &c.     See  Pants,  No.  51. 

323.  Ic'-ter-fis  vQl-g5'-rIs.     See  Sittrmts,  No.  .30.1.  —  Troupial  or  (roopial,  from  the  Fr.  trouper,  is 

simply  trooper,  tlie  bird  that  goes  in  troops. 

Not  in  the  orig.  cd.   Said  to  straggle  to  Southern  States.  No  late  case  of  its  so  doing. 

324.  I.  spG'-rl-Qs.     For  Icterus,  see  Icteria,  No.  144,  and  Xnuthocrplmlus,  No.  310.  —  Lat.  spurius, 

illegitimate,  bastard,  spurious  ;  related  to  the  Gr.  <Twopd,  seed,  generation,  birth,  &c., 
irirtlpoD,  I  sow  seed.  The  bird  was  formerly  called  "  Bastard  Baltimore  Oriole,"  whence 
the  undeserved  Linna?an  name. 

335.    L  s.  af-fi'-nis  [accent  the  penult].    Lat.  affinis,  ad,  aniljiuis,  allied,  affined. 
This  subspecies  is  very  slightly  distinguislicd  from  its  stock. 

326.  I.  gSl'-bfi-lS.  Lat.  ijaUiula  or  (jahjnla,  some  small  j-ellow  bird  of  the  .nncients ;  doubtless 
derived  from  some  word  signifying  yellow:  there  are  Latin  wonh  (/allms,  iiallianus,  Germ. 
gcK',  &c.,  of  such  meaning.  —  The  curious  English  word  oriole,  for  which  no  derivation 
is  given  in  some  standard  works,  has  evidently  a  similar  reference  to  the  color  yellow, 
being  equivalent  to  aureole ;  Lat.  anrnm  or  Gr.  avpov,  gold  :  such  form  of  tlie  word  for 
gold,  with  or-  instead  of  aur-,  is  seen  in  the  Fr.  or.  —  "Baltimore,"  the  former  specific 
name  of  the  bird,  is  not  directly  from  the  city  of  that  name,  but  from  the  name  of  Sir 
George  Calvert,  first  Baron  of  Baltimore,  the  colors  of  the  bird  being  chosen  by  him  for 
his  livery,  or,  as  Cate.sby  has  it  (N.  II.  Car.,  i,  1731,  p.  48),  the  bird  being  named  from  its 
resemblance  in  color  to  the  Lord's  coat  of  arms  —  "  which  are  Paly  of  six  Topaz  and 
Diamond,  a  Bend,  interchang'd."  The  name  bnllimore,  L.,  1700,  as  given  in  the  orig.  ed. 
of  the  Check  List,  is  antedated  by  Coracias  galbula  L.,  1758 ;  see  Coucs,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club, 
April,  1880,  p.  98. 


»n 


I 


64 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOllTH  AMERICAN  BIliDS. 


327.  Icterus  buUocki  (Sw.)  Bp.    B  4io.  c  217.  u  272. 

Biillock^s  Oriole. 

328.  Icterus  cucullatus  Sw.    n  413.  c  218.  u  200. 

Iloodod  Oriole. 

329.  Icterus  parisiorum  Bp.    n  411.  r  2i!>.  n  scs. 

Stott'a  Oriole. 

330.  Icterus  melanocephalus  auduboni  (Gir.)  Coucs.    n  400.  c  220.  R  20(5. 

Autluboirs  Ulaeli-lioiuicd  Oriole. 

331.  Scolecophagus  ferrugineus  (Gm.)  Sw.    b  417.  c  221.  R  273. 

Kusty  Cirackle. 

332.  Scolecophagus  cyanocephalus  (Wagl.)  Cab.    b  418.  c  222.  r  274. 

I)lue-liea<le<l  Grarkle. 

333.  Quiscalus  macrurus  Sw.    n  419.  c  223.  r  275. 

Great-tailed  Crow  lllackliird. 

327.  I   bfil'-18cl{-I.    To  William  Bullock,  sometime  a  collector  in  Mexico,  and  proprietor  of  a 

famous  museum  in  Lon(lr)n. 

328.  I.  cfl-cul-la'-tfls.    T.at.  ruaillatux,  liooded ;  cuculh,  a  kind  of  hood  or  cowl  fastened  to  a  gnr- 

nunt,  to  be  drawn  over  the  head. 

329.  I.  p5r-is-I-5'-rtSn.     Lat.  I'lirinlorum,  of  flie  Parisians.     Tlie  Parluli  were  a  people  of  Gaul, 

settled  on  the  river  Svuoms,  now  the  Seine;  their  chief  city,  LitUlin,  called  also  Liilttia 
I'arisiiirum  and  I'wisii,  is  now  I'aris.  There  is  no  ap])lieal>ility  of  the  name  to  the  bird : 
Bonaparte  probably  so  called  it  from  national  vanity,  or  because  he  found  a  specimen 
in  a  museum  in  Paris.     The  name  is  conmionly  but  wrongly  written  }inil.sonim. 

330.  I.  inSl-5n-6-ceph'-51-Qs  aad'-0-b6n-i.    Ur.  /utAos,  feminine  /wtAoii/o,  black;  and  (cKpoAi^, 

head.  —  To  J.  J.  Audubon. 

331.  Sc5-le-ca'-ph5-giS3  f5r-ra-gIn'-6-0s.      Gr.  trKui\VKo<l>dyos,  a,  worm-oaicr;  (r»c(«\r){,  genitive 

(tkuJAtjkos,  a  worm,  and  <pdyu,  I  eat.  It  is  also  a  F.atiii  word,  .sro/cj-,  worm.  —  Lat./Jcm/i- 
7i('iif!,  rusty-red,  color  of  iron  rust;  from  /inw/o,  iron-rust;  firrum,  iron.  —  The  curious  Kng- 
lish  word  ijravkh'  or  qriikle  is  nngllci/ed  from  Lat.  (jmcuhis  or  i/rnrniliis,  a  very  uncertain 
bird,  by  some  supposed  to  be  the  jackdaw,  by  others  the  corTnorant  or  sea-crow ;  and 
the  I^atin  word  itself  is  supposed  to  be  merely  in  imitation  of  a  hoarse  croak,  gm,  gra. 
See  what  is  said  under  QnerqitPtluht,  No.  714. 

333.    S.  cy-5n-6-c6ph'-51-iSs.    Gr.  xiavos,  or  Lat.  njaiinis,  blue ;  and  Kfi^oA^,  head. 

333.  Quis'-c5-lfis  mac-ru'-rfis.  Unde  (Icriraliir  gui.iniliis  !  AVe  have  no  proof  whence  it  comes 
or  what  it  means:  it  varies  in  form,  as  qiiiscala,  quiscnia.  Mr.  W.  C.  Avery  asks:  "Is 
f/ul.imlus  an  onomatopn-on  ?  I  can  find  no  Latin  or  Greek  word  like  it,"  Mr.  II.  T. 
Wharton  observes:  "  Quisrnliis  seems  a  native  name;  if  it  is,  the  termination -h.?  only 
obscures  its  origin  without  Latinizing  it."  Professor  A.  Newton  remarks  at  greater 
length :  "  Qiiisraliis  was  doubtless  taken  by  Vieillbt  from  the  Gmcula  quisada  o*  Linnieus 
(S.  N.,  ed.  10,  p.  100).  I  cannot  find  this  word  or  any  thing  like  it  in  any  older  author; 
but  I  have  an  instinctive  conviction  that  it  must  occur  somewhere ;  for,  aa  far  as  my 
studies  of  Linna'us's  work  go,  they  show  me  that  he  did  not  invent  names.  From  his 
printing  the  word  in  both  eds.  (10th  and  12th)  with  a  capital  initial  letter,  it  is  obvious 
that  he  regarded  it  as  a  substantive,  and  I  should  think  he  must  have  found  it  in  some 
book  of  travels  as  the  local  name  of  a  bird.  The  word  seems  to  me  Spanish  or  quasi- 
Spanish —  say  Creole  —  and  the  regular  Castilian  qiiisquilla,  which  dictionaries  explain 
to  bo  a  trifling  dispute,  suggests  a  meaning,  especially  when  one  reads  of  the  noisy  and 
fussy  bickerings  of  your  Boat-tails."    If,  as  seems  highly  probable,  we  arc  here  on  the 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMElilCAN  JJIIiDS. 


65 


334.  Quiscalus  major  V.    n  420.  c  224.  n  277. 

DouUtulletl  Crow  Uluckblrd  ;  Jiu'kdaw. 

335.  Quiscalus  purpureas  (Hartr.)  Licht.    H42i.  c  226.  R  278. 

I'lirplo  Crow  Uhicklilrd ;  I'urplo  Clruckle. 

336.  Quiscalus  purpureus  aeneus  llidg.    b  — .  c  — .  u  278*. 

Bronzed  Crow  Uloekblrd. 

337.  Quiscalus  purpureus  aglseus  (Bd.)  Couea.    b  422.  c  225a.  r  278a. 

Florida  Crow  DIackblrd. 

338.  Corvus  corax  L.    b  423.  424.  c  220.  r  28O. 

Raven. 

339.  Corvus  cryptoleucus  Couch.    B  425.  c  227.  R  281. 

Wlilte-nccked  Raven. 

340.  Corvus  flrugivorus  IJartr.    b  420.  c  228.  R  282. 

Common  American  Crow. 

341.  Corvus  firugivorus  floridanus  (Bd.)  Coues.    b  427.  c  2280.  r  282a. 

Florida  Crow 

342.  Corvus  caurinus  Bd.    b  428.  c  2286.  r  2826. 

Northwestern  Crow. 


334. 
335. 
336. 

337 

338. 

339. 
340. 


341. 
342. 


right  track  of  tlip  word,  we  mny  porlmps  go  a  stop  further,  and  trace  the  undoubtedly 
barbarous  word  iiiiismliis  through  (inist/uilhi  to  tiic  similar  hat.  (jiiisi/nilur,  wliicli  tlie  lexi- 
cons give  as  meaning  refuse,  dregs,  or  otiier  tritling  wortiiless  matters ;  as  we  niigiit  say,. 
riff-rtiff,  nuj-tdf/ ;  and  sucii  wouUl  not  be  wliolly  inappropriate  to  tliese  vagabond  troopers, 
80  common  every wiiere  as  to  come  under  tlie  contempt  of  familiarity.  —  Ur.  fiaKp6s,  long, 
large,  and  oipa,  tail. 

Q.  ma'-jfir.    Lat.  major,  greater,  comparative  of  magnus. 

Q.  pur-pQr'-e-iSs.     Sec  Carpodacus,  No.  104. 

Q.  p.  aS'-ne-Qs.     See  Molothnis,  No.  .")15. 

Not  in  the  orig.  e<l.  of  the  Cheek  List :  since  recognized. 
Q.  p.  ag-laS'-iSs.    br.  iyKalos  or  iy\a6s,  shining,  from  ay\aCa,  splendor ;  also  the  name  of 

one  of  the  Muses,     Ohs. —  Not  to  be  confounded  with  arjclivux,  which  sec,  No.  .310. 
C5r'-viSs  c8r'-ax.     Lat.  rorviis,  a  crow.  —  Lat.  rornx  or  Gr.  KSpa^,  a  raven.  —  Cnrriis  is  by 

some  considered  an  onomatopcron,  and  referred  through  the  (ir.  Kpd^ai,  Kpw^w,  to  croak, 

back  to  a  Sanscrit  root  of  same  signification.  —  Cura.c  is  more  obviously  a  word  of 

similar  formation,  as  may  also  be  the  English  crow, 

C.  cryp-t6-leQ'-cu3.  Gr.  nprnrSs,  hidden  (with  which  compare  Eng.  rri/pl),  and  KtvKdt, 
white;  the  allusion  being  to  the  concealed  white  at  the  bases  of  the  feathers  of  the  neck. 

C.  fru-gl'-v6-rfls.     Lat.  /niijironis,  fruit-eating;  fnt.r,  genitive  yn"//.s,  fruit,  and  voro,  I 
devour.      Friir  is  from  f'nwr,  fniitiis,  fnicliis,  as  it  is  sometliing  that  may  be  enjoyed. 
Voro  is  rooted  in  /3op,  as  seen  in  fiopd,  food,  and  $6trKw  (/Srfw),  I  eat. 
This  is  given  as  C.  aiwriramis  in  the  orig.  cd.  of  the  Check  List. 

C.  f.  flIo-rl-da'-niSs.    To  Florida.    Flora,  Goddess  of  flowers ;  Jlos,  a  flower. 

C.  caQ-ri'-nCis.  There  is  no  such  Latin  word.  Caurinus  has  been  supposed  to  be  equiva- 
lent to  cortlmis,  crew-like,  but  is  directly  derived  from  cnitrus,  the  North-west  wind,  the 
species  having  been  discovered  on  the  North-west  coast  of  the  United  States. 

This  stands  as  C.  nmericamts  var.  cawimis  in  the  orig.  ed. :  it  has  been  redetermined  to 
be  distinct,  as  originally  described  by  Baird. 


'i'  ■ 


i'-l 


^si 


m'.  'i' 


66 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


343.  Corvus  maritimus  Bartr.    b  429.  c  229.  r  283. 

Fish  Crow. 

344.  Piciconms  columbianus  (Wils.)  Bp.    b  430.  c  230.  R  284. 

Clarke's  Nutcrackor. 

345.  Gymnocitta  cyanocephala  Maxim.    B  431.  c  231.  R  285. 

Blue  Nutcracker. 

346.  Psilorhinus  morio  (Wagl.)  Cab.    B444.  c  232.  R  288. 

Brown  Jay. 

347.  Pica  rustica  hudsonica  (Cab.)  Ridg.    B  432.  c  233.  R  28C. 

American  Magpie. 

348.  Pica  rustica  nuttalli  (And.)  Coues.    B  433.  c  233a.  R287. 

YclloTV-billed  Magpie. 

349.  Cyanocitta  cristata  (L.)  Strickl.    B  434.  c  234.  R  289. 

Blue  Jay. 

350.  Cyanocitta  stelleri  (Gm.)  Strickl.    B  435.  c  235.  R  200. 

Steller's  Jay. 

351.  Cyanocitta  stelleri  annectens  (Bd.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  r  2906.  (?) 

Connective  Jay. 


343.  C.  m5r-It'-I-miSs.     See  Ammodrmnus,  No.  2.38. 

This  staiul8  as  C.  ossl/rdnus  in  the  orij,'.  ed. 

344.  Pi-cl-cor'-vfls  c6-lum-bI-a'-ntSs.     Tiie  fieiieric  name  is  compounded  of  pica  and  cnnnis : 

see  tiu'se  words,  Xos.  !347  and  008.  —  'I'iie  specific  name  refers  to  the  ColuniLia  River, 
wiienee  Lewis  and  Clarke  first  brought  specimens. 

345.  Gym-n6-cit'-ta  cy-3n-a-c6ph'-a-la.    Gr.  yvfivos,  naked ;  in  allusion  to  the  nostrils  beiiij; 

e.xposei'   as  is  unusual  in  tiiis  family  ;  xhra  or  Kiatra,  a  jaj'.  —  ISee  SrultcujiluKjus,  No.  302. 

346.  Psl-l6-rhi'-nfis  mSr'-t-o.    Gr.  V'lArfs,  snuxith,  bare,  bald,  in  allusion  to  the  uncovered  nos- 

trils, from  }\iiu;  and  (>is,  genitive  l)iv6i,  the  nose.  —  The  specific  name  is  morio,  "a  dark 
brown  gem,"  in  allusion  to  the  color,  which  is  remarkable  in  this  group  of  birds. 

347.  Pi'-c5  rus'-tl-ca  h0d-s6n'-T-c5.     Lat.  pica,  a  magpie.    It  is  supposed  by  some  to  bo  for 

jiiijn,  th.'it  e(|uivalcnt  to  pi<il(i  or  piiia,  from  /liiii/o,  I  paint;  hence  signifying  painted, 
speckled, /)/((/.  The  same  dubious  etymology  is  ascribed  to  the  masculine  form  of  the 
word,  piciis,  which  see,  No.  4:>;5.  —  Lat.  rustinis,  rustic,  rural,  from  rim,  the  co.>  .try  as  dis- 
tinguished from  tlie  city.  — To  Hudson's  Bay,  nameil  after  Ileury  Hudson,  the  explorer. 
This  stands  as  /'.  militnohnrn  liuilsoiiira  in  ilic  orig.  ed. ;  but  rustica  iuis  long  priority. 

348.  P.  r.  nQt'-t51-li.     To  Thomas  Xuttall,  the  botanist  and  ornithologist. 

This  stands  as  P.  mclaiiolmca  iiullalli  in  the  orig.  ed. 

340.    Cy-Sn-fi-cIt'-tS  cris-ta'-ta.      Gr.  KvavSs,  ci/aiwKs,  blue,  and  (cCrTa.  a  jay.  —  Lat.  cristatim, 
Ci.sted  ;  crista,  a  crest ;  related  to  crisco,  I  grow,  and  criiiis,  hair,  througli  a  eonnnon  root. 
For  use  of  Ci/aiiocittd  instead  of  Ci/ammis,  as  in  the  orig.  ed.,  see  Coues,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Club,  V,  1880,  p.  5)8. 

t 

350,  C.  stel'-ler  I.    To  G.  W.  Steller,  surgeon  and  naturalist. 

351.  C.  s.  an-nec'-tSns.    Lat.  anmclcns  [ad  and  nertn,  to  bind),  annexing,  annectant,  connecting, 

tying  together ;  because  this  subspecies  is  intermediate  between  others  of  the  same  stock, 
serving  to  link  them  to  each  other. 

Not  in  the  orig.  cd.  of  the  Check  List. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


67 


352.  Cyanocitta  stelleri  macrolopha  (Bd.)  Coues.    b  43g,  c  235a.  r  290c. 

Long-crested  Jay. 

353.  Cyanocitta  stelleri  frontalis  (Ridg.)  Coues.    b  — .  c  2356.  r  290a. 

Blue-fronted  Jay. 

354.  Aphelocoma  floridana  (Bartr.)  Cab.    B  439.  c  236.  R  29i. 

Florida  Jay. 

355.  Aphelocoma  floridana  woodhousii  (Bd.)  Allen,    b  438.  c  23Co.  r  202. 

Woodhouse's  Jay. 

356.  Aphelocoma  floridana  califomica  (Vig.)  Coues.    B437.  c  23G6.  R  293. 

Callfornlan  Jay. 

357.  Aphelocoma  ultramarina  arizonae  Ridg.    b  440.  c  237.  R  295. 

Arizona  Jay. 

358.  Xanthura  luxuriosa  (Less.)  Bp.    B  442.  c  238.  R  200. 

Rio  Grande  Jay. 

359.  Perisoreus  canadensis  (T>,)  Bp.    b  us.  c  239.  u  297. 

Canada  Jay. 

360.  Perisoreus  canadensis  fumifrons  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  r  2976. 

Alaslian  Jay. 


1 , 


352.  C.  s.  mac-rfi'-18-ph5.     Gr.  naxpos,  long,  and  K6<t>os,  a  mane,  crest,  comb,  from  \4irw,  as  is 

also  \firts,  KfiTus,  a  scale,  and  many  similar  words.     Usually  pronounced  macrolo' pha. 

353.  C.  s.  fron-ta'-lls.    hut.  frontalis,  relating  to  frons,  the  forehead,  front. 

354.  A-phe-16'-c8-m5  flo-rI-da'-n5.     Gr.  cKptK'fit,  smooth,  sleek,  and  Kofxt},  Lat.  coma,  hair ;  in 

allusion  to  the  lack  of  crest.     Tiie  word  primarily  means  smooth,  even  in  the  sense  of 
free  from  stones  ;  a  privative,  and  <pt\6s  or  <ptKK6s,  a  stone  ;  <p(K\fii,  rocky  soil,  &c. 

355.  A.  f.  wo6d-hous'-I-i.     To  S,  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D.,  of   I'hiladelphia,  who  explored  in 

New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

356.  A.  f.  cal-I-for'-nI-c5.    To  the  State  of  California. 

357.  A.  ul-tra-m5r-i'-na  S-rI-z5'-nae.    Lat.  n/^m,  beyond,  from  the  adverb  »/.s,  beyond,  opposed 

to  CIS,  on  this  side;  and  mariim,  marine,  relating  to  the  sea,  mare ;  in  allusion  to  the  deep 
blue  color,  as  of  tlie  higli  sea  ;  "  ultramarine  "  blue.  —  See  Peucita,  No.  253. 
'''his  stands  in  the  orig.  ed.  as  .1.  sorilida,  "  Sieber's  Jay." 

358.  Xan-thu'-r5  lux-fl-rI-6'-s5.      Or.  ^ai/fltfs,  yellow,  and  oZpa,  tail.  —  Lnxunsn  was  doubtless 

intended  by  Lesson  for  Lat.  Iii.niridsn,  lu.xurious,  in  allusion  to  the  elegant  coloration. 

This  stands  in  the  orig.  ed.  as  A',  i/iiras  var.  luxiiosa,  but  proves  to  be  distinct  from  the 
Peruvian  i/iicas. 

369.  Pfir-I-so'-rC-iis  c5n-5-d5n'-sIs.  I'mli-  litriraturf  One  of  the  dictionaries  gives  a  sorix, 
defined  as  a  bird  dedicated  to  Saturn  ;  whence  Pcrisortus  might  be  derived  as  an  adjec- 
tival form,  intensified  l)y  the  preposition  piri-.  This  would  accord  in  idea  with  the  term 
infinistus  bestowed  Ijy  liinna'us  on  the  ICuropean  species,  and  also  with  I>i/.toniiihla,  the 
generic  t'  nn  invented  by  Swainson ;  there  being  some  superstition  attaching  to  the  jays 
of  this  gel. us.  But  we  advance  tliis  etymology  as  mere  conjecture.  We  may  note  also 
the  Gr.  <Top6s,  a  tomb  or  sepulchre. 

330,  P.  c.  fia'-ml-fr5ns.  Lat.  yiiwius,  smoke,  and/ion.s,  forehead;  related  to  Or.  6vw,  I  offer 
incense. 

Described  since  the  orig.  cd. ;  Ridg.,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  ii,  1880,  p.  6. 


es 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


361.  Perisoreus  canadensis  obscurus  Ridg.    b — .c  239a.  r  298. 

Oregon  Jay. 

362.  Perisoreus  canadensis  capitalis  Bd.    b  — .  c  2396.  R  297a. 

Rocky  Mountain  Jay. 

363.  Stumus  vulgaris  L.    b  — .  c  — .  u  279.  (g.  !e.) 

European  Starling. 

364.  Pitangus  derbianus  (Kaup)  Scl.    B  — .  c  — .  R  308. 

Lord  Derby's  Flycatcher. 

365.  Myiodynastes  luteiventris  Scl,    B  — .  c  — .  R  310. 

Sulphur-bellied  Flycatcher. 

366.  Milvulus  tyrannus  (L.)  Bp.    b  122.  c  240.  r  302.  (!s.  a.) 

Fork-tailed  Flycatcher. 

367.  Milvulus  forficatus  (Gm.)  Sw.    b  123.  c  241.  r  301. 

Swallow-tailed  Flycatcher;  Scissor-tail. 

368.  Tyrannus  carolinensis  (L.)  Bd.    b  124.  c  242.  r  304. 

Tyrant  Flycatcher;  King-bird;  Bee-martin. 

369.  Tyrannus  dominicensis  (Gra.)  Rich.    B  125.  c  243.  R  303. 

Gray  Tyrant  Flycatcher;  Gray  King-bird. 

361.  P.  c.  ob-scu'-rQs.    See  Molothrus,  No.  3U. 

362.  P.  c.  c5p-l-ta'-lls.    Lat.  capitalis,  capital,  relating  to  the  h-    1,  caput,  the  color  of  which 

distinguishes  the  race  from  the  stock  species. 

36G.  Stur'-niis  vul-ga'-rls.  Lat.  stumus,  a  stare  or  starling.  —  Lat.  t'»/j(im,  vulgar,  common ; 
vul(ius,  or  vohpis,  the  people  or  folk,  is  digamniated  Gr.  FoKxos,  with  transposition  of 
letters  from  &x^os,  a  crowd. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.    Only  American  as  occurring  in  Greenland,  and  there  only  acci- 
dentally, in  one  known  instance. 

364.  PIt-an'-giSs  der-bl-a'-nfis.  Pitangus  is  a  barbarous  word,  of  some  South  American  ver- 
nacular ;  it  occurs,  in  several  forms,  in  Marcgrave.  —  The  species  is  dedicated  to  the 
Earl  of  Derby. 

Not  in  the  orig.  cd.  of  the  Check  List.     Since  discovered  in  Texas  by  G.  B.  Sennett. 
See  Coups,  The  Country,  i,  p.  184,  July  13,  1878. 

366.  MyT-6-dyn-as'-t5s  lut-6I-vSn'-trIs.  Gr.  fivia,  a  fly,  and  Swatrriis,  a  sovereign,  ruler,  &c. ; 
Svvafits,  prwer,  from  Svvafiat,  I  can,  I  urn  able.  —  Lat.  litiiis,  luteuus,  yellow,  from  lilum,  a 
plant  used  for  yellow  dye,  and  venter,  genitive  voitris,  the  belly  ;  said  to  be  digamniated 
from  Gr.  tvrtpov,  the  entrails. 

Not  in  tlie  orig,  cd.  of  the  Check  List :    since  discovered  in  Arizona  by  H.  W. 
llcnshaw.     See  Ilensh.,  Rep.  Expl.  W.  100  Merid.,  v,  1875,  p.  340,  pi.  xiv. 

366.  Mil'-vO-lus  tyr-an'-nfls.     Lat.  milvulus,  diminutive  of  milvus,  a  kite.  —  Lat.  tyrannus,  Gr. 

rvpavvos,  a  ruler,  despot,  "  tyrant ;  "  well  applied  to  a  bird  of  this  genus. 

367.  M.  for-fT-c5'-tQs.     Lat../br/iVafws,  a  participial  adjective,  as  if  from  a  verb  forjico ;  for/ex,  a 

pair  of  shears,  scissors,  which  the  deeply  forked  tail  resembles. 

368.  Tyr-an'-nfls  c5-ra-lln-5n'-sls.    Sec  .l///iWH.<i,  No.  360.  —  N    "d  after  the  State  of  Caro- 

lina :  the  direct  adjective  from  Carolus,  Charles.     See  "  m,is,  No.  10. 

369.  T.  d6m-In-T-cen'-sIs.    Named  after  the  island  of  Hayti   or  St.  Uomingo;  dominicus,  do- 

mnus,  domus.     Sec  Dendraca,  No.  129. 


':i 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


69 


370.  Tyrannus  verticalis  Say.    b  126.  c  244.  r  306. 

Arkansas  Tyrant  Flycatcher. 

371.  Tyrannvis  vociferans  Sw.    b  127.  c  245.  r  307. 

Gassings  Tyrant  Flycatcher. 

372.  Tyrannus  melancholicus  couchi  (Bd.)  Coues.    b  128, 129.  c  246.  r  305. 

Couch's  Tyrant  Flycatcher. 

373.  Myiarchus  crinitus  (L.)  Cab.    b  130.  c  247.  R  312. 

Great  Crested  Flycatcher.  [See  Addendn.  No.  830. 

374.  Myiarchus  erythrocercus  Scl.  and  Salv.?    b  132  v  c  — .  r  311.  (?) 

Rufous-tailed  Crested  Flycatcher. 

375.  Myiarchus  cinerescens  (Lawr.)  Scl.    B  131.  c  248.  R  3i3. 

Ash-throated  Crested  Flycatcher. 

376.  Myiarchus  lawrencii  (Gir.)  Bd,    B.  133.  c  249.  R  3i4.  (!M.) 

Lawrence's  Crested  Flycatcher. 

377.  Sayiornis  sayi  (Bp.)  Bd.    B  13g.  c  250.  R  3i6. 

Say's  Pewit  Flycatcher. 


•1  '.  ■•' 


;  .  11' 


370. 

371. 
373. 


373. 


374. 


375. 


376. 
377. 


do- 


T.  v5r-tl-ca'-lls.  Lat.  verticalis,  vertical,  i'. «.,  relating  to  the  vertex,  top  or  crown  of  the 
head,  wiiich  has  a  flame-colored  patch.  The  etymological  meaning  of  vertex  is  vortex,  the 
turning  or  whirling  thing,  from  verlo,  I  turn. 

T.  v5-cl'-fer-ans.  Lat,  present  participle  vociferans,  vociferating,  vociferous,  from  voclfiro ; 
vox,  genitive  vocts,  voice,  an(\J('ro,  I  bear. 

T.  mfil-an-chSl'-I-ciSs.  Gr.  iJit\ayxo\iK6s,  melancholy,  from  jueAas,  feminine  /ucAaiva,  black, 
and  x'^Aoy.  gii".  bile;  Lat.  mclanc/wliciis,  atrabilious.  Tiie  ancients  had  some  notions  on 
tliis  subject  which  make  tlie  term  not  wholly  inapplicable  to  a  bird  of  splenetic,  irri- 
table disposition,  as  all  of  this  genus  are.  —  To  Lt.  D.  N.  Couch,  U.  S.  A.,  who  collected 
extensively  in  Matamoras  and  Texas. 

Myl-ar'-chQs  cri-ni'-tiis  [not  "  crinnytus,"  as  usually  heard],  Gr.  nu7a,  a  fl)',  and  ipx^^} 
u  ruler,  leader,  chief,  from  fipx""-  I  i'"  fi""*'.  l<?ad,  rule,  or  opx'^i  the  beginning.  This 
theme  is  seen  in  our  prefix  arch-,  as  arch-bishop,  &c.  —  Lat.  criiiilus,  haired,  i.  e.,  crested, 
from  crliiis,  hair  of  the  head.     See  Mi/iodiodcs,  No.  140. 

M.  6-ryth-ra-cer'-cQs.    Gr.  ipv9p6s,  reddish,  and  KtpKos,  tail. 

Not  in  the  Check  List,  orig.  ed.  Since  discovered  in  Texas  by  G.  B.  Sennett.  The 
proper  name  of  tlie  species  is  much  in  question.  The  bird  is  the  M-  crinitus  eri/throrerciis 
of  Coues  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  no.  2,  p.  ."52,  and  v,  no.  M,  p.  402;  the  ^f.  rri/lh- 
roctrcKS  var.  coojicri  oi  Kidgway,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  1IJ8;  and  the  .1/.  mcxicanus  of  Ridg., 
I'r.  Nat.  Mus.,  ii,  p.  14. 

M.  cln-6r-es'-cens.  Lat.  present  participle  of  an  inceptive  verb  cincrcsco,  I  grow  ashy ; 
in  the  sense  of  being  somewhat  ashy;  clitcrciis,  ashy,  from  cinis,  ash.  N.  B.  —  The 
name  has  always  been  written  cinerascciis,  for  which  we  find  no  authority;  while  there 
is  actually  a  verb  cinrresco :  we  therefore  emend  as  above. 

M.  law-rCn'-cI-i.    To  George  Nowbold  Lawrence,  of  New  York. 

Say-I-or'-nl3  say'-i.  "  Sni/nniis"  is  a  violent  combination  of  the  name  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Say,  of  I'hiladelphia,  with  the  Greek  word  for  bird,  Spvis.  It  may  be  somewhat  improved 
as  above,  when  the  combination  of  vowels  becomes  no  more  uniis\ial  than  is  seen  in 
mi/>o-fil(icl(S,  iiiijia-rrhiiK,  &c.  In  equally  loose  style,  Bonaparte  made  the  specific  name 
saijiis,  —  a  direct  Latinization  of  the  same  person's  name ;  but  it  must  either  be  put  in 


■  I 


■i  n!'  3* 


70 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


378.  Sayiornis  nigricans  (Sw.)  Bp.    b  i34.  c  26i.  R317. 

Black  Pewit  Flycatcher. 

379.  Sayiornis  fusca    (Gni.)  Bd.    B  135.  c  252.  ii  315. 

Pewit  Flycatcher;  Phocbe-bird. 

380.  Contopus  borealis  (8w.)  Bd.    b  137.  c  253.  r  3X8. 

01ive>si<Icd  Pewee  Flycatcher. 

381.  Contopus  psrtinax  Cab.    b  — .  c  254.  k  sio. 

Coues's  Pewee  Flycatcher. 

382.  Contopus  virens  (L.)  Cab.    b  ir.o.  c  2r>:y.  R  320. 

Pewee  Flycatcher;  Wood  Pewee. 

383.  Contopus  virens  richardsoni  (Sw.)  Coues.    b  138.  c  2550.  R  321. 

Western  Pewee  Flycatcher. 

384.  Empidonax  acadicus  (Gm.)  Bd.    B  143.  c  25G.  R  324. 

Acadian  Flycatcher. 

385.  Empidonax  trailli  (Aud.)  Bd.    B  140.  c  257.  R  325a. 

Traill's  Flycatcher. 

386.  Empidonax  trailli  pusillus  (Bd.)  Coues.    b  141.  c  257o.  R  325. 

Little  Western  Flycatcher. 


the  genitive,  saiji  or  saii,  or  in  adjectival  form,  snymm  or  sninna ;  it  ni\ist  in  tlie  latter 
case  be  feminine  to  agree  with  sayionus.  Tiie  above  emendation  of  botii  gen.  •  and 
specific  names  is  respectfully  submitted.     (See  Coues,  Bull.  Xutt.  Club,  v,  1880,  p.  99.) 

378.  S.  nig'-rl-cans.     Present  participle  of  H///nV(>,  1  am  lilaekisli ;  nyec,  black. 

379.  S.  fus'-ca.       Lat.  /hscks,  dark,  dusky,  swarthy.      See  Pijiilo,  No.  ."06. 

380.  C6n'-t6-pus  b6r-6-a'-lIs.     Gr.  kovtos,  in  some  sense  unknown  to  us,  and  ttoi/j,  foot.  —  Lat. 

burcdiis,  northern ;  boreas,  tile  northwind.  —  "  I'ewee,"  like  "  pewit,"  is  an  onomatopocon. 

N.  B.  —  Many  words  ending  in  -opiis,  from  the  Gr.  iroDj  and  a  connecting  vowel  o,  are 
hiibitually  accented  on  the  lengthened  penult,  and  the  last  syllable  is  nuide  short.  But 
as  -pus  here  stands  for  Gr.  irovs,  kiuI  the  connecting  vowel  is  invariably  short,  we  should 
throw  the  accent  back  to  the  antepenult,  and  dwell  on  the  last  syllable.  Thus,  not 
Coiitu'-jtus,  Ila'mat6'-)iU!i,  PlutUiro'-]nts,  but  CoiiI'dpus,  llivmu'lO-pua,  Pli(il(v'i'!-jius. 

381.  C.  per'-tl-nax.     Lat. /vr/Z/inT,  pertinacious,  holding  fast  on  to  ;  from /jic  and  Jtv/iij-,  tenacious, 

from  tenco,  I  hold ;  this  species  closely  resembling  C.  Ijomilis. 

382.  C.  vir'-ens.     See  Dmdinca  rirens,  No.  112. 

383.  C.  V.  rlch'-ard-s5n-i.      To   Dr.  John    Richardson,  an    author   of    the    Fauna    Boreali- 

Americana,  &c. 
3":'''      Em-pld-5'-nax  5-c5d'-I-cQs.    Gr.  ^juir/i,  genitive  f/if'Soi,  a  small  kind  of  insect,  gnat ;  and 
Siva^  or  &va^,  king.  —  AcikUcus,  Latinized  adjective  for  Acadian  ;  from  Acadia  or  Acadie. 

N.  B.  —  This  species  has  never  been  found,  and  probably  does  not  occur,  in  the  region 
formerly  called  Aaulia  ;  the  name  is  therefore  geographically  false.  The  name  "  Aca- 
dian Flycatcher,"  whence  Musrlrapn  annllcd  Gm.,  no  doubt  actually  refers  to  Traill's  or 
the  Least  Flycatcher,  the  proper  name  of  the  present  species  being  i)r()bably  /■Empidonax 
subviridis  (Bartr.)  Coues.    Lat.  suhviridis,  somewhat  green,  greenish. 

385.  E.  trail'-li.     To  Thomas  .Stewart  Traill,  a  Scottish  naturalist.     He  was  professor  of  medi- 

cal jurisprudence  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  editor  of  one  of  the  later  editions 
of  the  "  F.ncyclopa'dia  Britannica." 

386.  E.  t.  pQ-sil'.ms.    See  Sitta,  No.  00. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


71 


387.  Empidonax  minimus  Bd.    b  142.  c  258.  r  326. 

Least  Flycatcher. 

388.  Empidonax  flaviventris  Bd.    b  144.  c  259.  r  322. 

Yellow-bellied  Flycatcher. 

389.  Empidonax  flaviventris  difficilis  Bd.    b  i44a.  c  — .  r  323.  (?) 

Western  Yellow-bellied  Flycatcher. 

390.  Empidonax  hammondi  (Xant.)  Bd.    B  145.  c  200.  R  327. 

Ilaminond's  Flycatcher. 

391.  Empidonax  obscurus  (Sw.)  Bd.    b  140.  c  261.  R  328. 

Wright's  Flycatcher. 

392.  Mitrephorus  fulvifrons  pallesoens  Coues.    B  — .  c  262.  R  329a. 

BufT-breasted  Flycatcher. 

393.  Ornithium  imberbe  Scl.    B — .  c — .  R33i. 

Beardless  Flycatcher. 

394.  Pyrocephalus  rubineus  mexicanus  (Scl,)  Cones,    B  147.  c  203,  R  330. 

Mexican  Vermilion  Flycatcher. 

395.  Nyctidromus  albicollis  (Gm.)  Biirm.    B  — .  c  — .  R  350. 

Pauraque, 


I 


387.  E,  mln'-I-miSs,    Lat.  minimus,  least,  smallest,  superlative  degree  of  parvus,  little. 

388.  E.  fla-vl-ven'-trls.    Lat. ./7(ici/s,  yellow;  ivn/nV,  pertaining  to  the  belly,  render,  belly ;  prob- 

ably digammated  from  Gr.  ivrtpov,  the  entrails. 

339.  E,  f.  dif-fl'-cl-lls.  Lat.  difficilis,  difficult,  not  facile  ;  dis-facilis,  not  easily  do-able  ;  facio,  I 
do;  like  wjilis,  active,  or  utilis,  useful,  from  wjo  and  utor.  It  is  applied  to  the  bird 
as  the  French  would  call  a  person  difficile,  that  is,  hard  to  get  at,  manage,  understand, 
impracticable;  the  subspecies  not  being  readily  distinguished  from  E.Jlaciventris. 

390.  E.  h5m'-m6nd-i.    To  Dr.  W.  A.  Ilanunond,  sometime  Surgeon  General,  U.  S.  Army. 

391.  E.  ob-scu'-rfls.    See  .Uo/o/Zoha-,  Xo.  ,'>14.  —  To  C,   Wright,  the  discoverer.    Swainson's  bird 

is  very  uncertain,  and  our  species  might  be  called  E.  wrighti. 

392.  Mi-tre'-ph6r-fls  fijl'-vl-frons  pal-lSs'-cSns.     Gr.  nirpa.  or  ^irpr).  a  mitre  or  other  head- 

dress, and  <pop6s,  bearing,  from  (pipa,  same  as  Lat.  fuo,  I  bear.  We  believe  either 
viitrcpliorits  or  mitropJtnnis  to  be  admissible;  the  former  has  ciirreticv,  tliough  tlie  latter 
maybe  preferable. — Lat.  fulrus,  yellowish,  fulvous,  iwil  fnws,  foreliead.  —  Lat.  patlcs- 
ceris,  somewhat  pale,  from  jKillisrn,  I  grow  pale  ;  jhiIIio,  of  same  meaning.  The  allusion 
is  to  tlie  pale  coloration  in  comparison  with  tlie  stock-form /((/r/'/iwi.s-.  [See  Index,  p.  1.'37.] 

393.  Or-nith'-I-Qm  im-ber'-b6.    Gr.  oppldiav,  a  little  bird  ;  diminutive  of  ipvn,  a  bird.  —  Lat. 

imlicrhc,  beardless,  from  in,  negation,  and  Inilui,  beard.  The  genus  is  commonly  written 
Ornilhion,  but  it  is  customary  to  change  -ov  of  the  Greek  into  -um  in  Latin. 

Not  in  the  orig,  eil. ;  since  discovered  in  Te.xas  by  G.  B.  Sennett.     Sec  Coues,  The 
Country,  i,  p.  184,  July  13,  1878. 

394.  Py-rO-c6ph'-5-lQs  rflb-Tn'-6-tSs  mex-T-c5'-nfls.     Gr.   irvp,  genitive  itvp6s,  fire,  Ki<t>a\Ti, 

head.  —  Lat.  ndiiiinis  (not  classic),  equivalent  to  rubeiis,  ruby-colored,  rose-red. 

395.  Nyc-tl'-drfi-mt5s  al-bl-cSl'-lIs.     Gr.  vi^,  genitive  i/iKcrrfs,  night,  and  Sp6u.o!.  act  of  running: 

in  iilhision  to  the  nocturnal  activity  of  the  bird.  See  Ammodntmus,  Xo.  SoB.  —  Lat.  nlbiis, 
white,  and  collis,  neck. 

Xot  in  the  orig,  ed. ;  since  discovered  in  Texas  by  G.  B.  Sennett,  and  J.  C.  Merrill. 


i  JHK  P 


l5f 


72 


Ci/^CiiL  LIST  OF  NOBTH  AMEBIC  AN  BIRDS. 


393.  Antrostomtis  carolinensis  (Gm.)  Gould,    b  iii.  c  264.  R  353. 
Chuck>TviirB-Tvidow. 

307.  Antrostomus  vociferus  (Wils.)  Bp.    b  112.  c  205.  r  354. 

Wbip-poor-will.  [See  Addenda,  No.  881. 

398.  Phalaenoptilus  nuttalli  (And.)  Ridg.    B  ii3.  c  200.  R  355. 

Xuttall's  Whip-poor-will. 

399.  Chordediles  popetue  (V.)  Bd.    b  114.  c  207.  R  357. 

Night-hawk. 

400.  Chordediles  popetue  henryi  (Cass.)  All.    B  115.  r  207a.  r  357a. 

Western  Night-hawk. 

401.  Chordediles  popetue  minor  (Cab.)  Ridg.    b — .  c — .  r  3576.  (!w.i.) 

Cuban  Night-hawk. 

402.  Chordediles  acutipennis  texensis  (Lawr.)  Ridg.    b  116.  c  208.  r  358. 

Texan  Night-hawk. 


396.  An-tro'-st8-mus  c5-r6-Iln-Sn'-sIs.  Gr.  Avrpov,  Lat.  antrum,  a  cave,  errona,  mouth ;  in 
allusion  to  tiio  cavernous  capacity  of  this  lisslrost.  —  The  curious  Eufjlisii  name,  like 
"  whip-poor-will,"  is  an  onomatopocon,  hcing  an  attempt  to  express  the  bird's  cry  in 
words. 


397. 
398. 

399. 


400. 
401. 


402. 


A.  v5-cT'-f8r-iis.  Lat.  vociferus,  vociferous,  clamorous,  from  tur,  genitive,  voc!s,  voice,  and 
/(TO,  1  bear;  vox  is  said  to  be  digammated  from  Gr.  &}fi. 

Ph51-ae-n5p'-tll-us  niSt-t51-li.    Gr.  (pa.\aiva,  a  moth,  and  irriKov,  plumage  ;  in  allusion  to 
the  peculiar  velvety  plumage,  like  the  furriness  of  a  moth's  wing.  —  To  Tlionias  Nuttall. 
This  is  given  as  Antrostomus  mittnlli  in  the  orig.  ed.     Tlie  genus  has  since  been  estab- 
lished by  Eidgw.iy,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  ii,  1880,  p.  5. 

Ch5r-de-di'-les  popetue.  Gr.  x°P^'^<  *  chord,  a  stringed  instrument,  and  Sc/Atj,  con- 
tracted from  t(U\o%,  root  ttXw,  tiie  evening,  here  apparently  meaning  to  close  in,  as 
evening  does.  Tlic  allusion  is  to  the  crepuscular  habits  of  the  bird,  its  curious  notes 
being  oftenest  heard  at  evening.  Swainsnn  originally  wrote  r.hordeiles,  —  an  inadmissible 
contraction,  and  further  erroneous  in  retaining  Gr.  ci  instead  of  changing  to  long  Lat.  i'. 
The  word  has  sometimes  been  written  chonliles.  Cabanis  properly  emends  as  above. 
Swainson  was  very  negligent  in  these  matters  :  for  instance,  he  made  a  genus  aipunemin, 
the  proper  form  of  which  is  (vpi/cnemis.  —  Tiie  word  jioprtue  is  barbarous,  of  meaning 
and  pronunciation  alike  unknown  to  us.  We  have  heard  it  as  three  and  as  four  sylla- 
bles, accented  in  each  case  on  the  antepenult. 

This  stands  as  Chordeiles  virginlanus  in  the  orig.  ed. 

C.  p.  h6n'.ry-T.    To  Dr.  T.  Charlton  Henry,  who  collected  and  observed  in  the  West. 

C.  p.  mln'-6r.  Lat.  minor,  minor,  less,  smaller,  this  form  holding  such  relation  to  the  stock 
species. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List.     Stated  to  have  occurred  in  Florida.    See 
Ridg.,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus  ,  iii,  1880,  p.  219. 

C.  S-cii-tl-p5n'-nIs  tSx-Bn'-sIs.      Lat.  acutus,  acute,  sharp,  pointed,  and  ppnnn,  wing  or 
feather,  in  allusion  to  tiic  long  wings. —  Tc.rrnsis,  adjective  formed  from  Texas.     Texas 
is  properly  a  plural  noun,  singular  Texa,  meaning  the  Texas ;  as  we  should  say  now,  the 
Texans,  a  race  of  tlie  Caddos.    Tachies  and  Taxus  are  also  found. 
This  stands  as  C.  texensis  of  the  orig.  ed. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEBICAN  BIRDS. 


73 


403.  Panyptila  saxatilis  (Woodh.)  Coucs.    b  107.  c  209.  R  349. 

White-throated  Rock  Swift. 

404.  NephcEcetes  niger  borealis  (Kenn.)  Coucs.    B  108.  c  270.  R  350. 

Black  Rock  Swift. 

405.  Chaetura  pelasgica  (L.)  Steph.    b  109.  c  271.  R  351. 

Chimney  Swift. 

406.  Chaetura  vauxi  (Towns.)  Do  Kay.     B  no.  C  272.  R  352. 

Vaux^a  Cliimney  Swift. 

407.  Basilinna  xantusi  (Lawr.)  Elliot.    B  — .  c  273.  R  34T. 

Xantus  Humming-bird. 

408.  Eugenes  fulgens  (Sw.)  Gld.    b  — .  c  2746w.  r  334. 

Refulgent  Humming-bird. 

409.  Trochilus  colubris  L.    B  101.  c  275.  R  335. 

Ruby-throated  Humming-bird. 


f'Ua- 


itock 
See 

or 
'exas 
!,  the 


403.  P5n-yp'-tl-15  sax-at'-l-lls.    Gr.  irdvu,  much,  very,  from  ttSj,  irSo-o,  irau,  all,  and  vrlXou,  wing: 

in  allusion  to  tlie  great  length  of  this  member.  —  Lat.  saxatilis,  roek-inliabiting :  saxuni, 
a  rock. 

404.  N6ph-o5'-c6-tes  nlg'-6r  bSr-e-a'-lIs.    Gr.  pt<pos,  a  cloud,  and  oUfrris,  an  inhabitant ;  well 

applied  to  this  bird  of  great  wing  and  high  flight.  See  Poiccttes,  No.  202.  —  Lat.  niijer, 
black.  —  Lat.  horcalis,  nortliern. 

405.  ChaS-tu'-rS  pSl-as'-gl-cS.    Gr.  xo^t^.  a  stiff  hair,  a  bristle,  and  olpa,  tail,  in  allusion  to  the 

spines  wliicli  jjrojoct  from  the  ends  of  tlie  tail-fcatliers. 

Tlie  specific  word  was  written  pehnjlca  by  Linna;us  in  1758,  and  pehsi/ia  by  liim  in 
1700.  Tiie  word  has  occasioned  niucli  conjecture  as  to  its  orthography,  derivation,  and 
applicability.  We  cannot  suppose  it  to  be  peliii/ird,  pelagic,  relating  to  the  high  seas,  like 
marine.  It  is  ai)parently  one  of  Linnaeus's  whims  of  nomenclature,  by  which  he  likened 
this  migratory  species  to  a  Pelasgian,  one  of  tlie  nomadic  tribes  of  Greece,  the  Pclasrji, 
ntKaffyoi  Tliere  is  indeed  a  geograpliical  name  iiilasi/in,  but  such  would  hardly  bo  used 
in  this  forpi,  and  would  be  geographically  false,  moreover.  E.xcluding  iK-lasi/ia  or  prhif/ica 
as  out  of  the  question,  and  supposing  the  allusion  to  be  to  the  nomadic  Pil<is(]i,  we  con- 
clude that  the  proper  form  of  tlie  word  is  as  above  given,  ptlus(jica,  the  adjective 
meaning  Pelasgian,  i".  c,  in  a  tropical  sense,  nomadic,  migratory. 

408.  C.  vaux'-i.     To  William  S.  V.iux,  of  Philadelphia. 

407,    Bas-Il-in'-na  x5n'-tus-i.     Gr.  ffaaiKivva,  a  queen,  feminine  form  of  ffatriKtis,  a  king.     To 
Louis  John  Xantus  de  Vcsty,  wlio  later  called  himself  .lolin  Xantus,  an  energetic  and 
successful  collector  in  South-western  United  States,  and  .Mexico.    We  suppose  the  name 
originally  meant  yellow,  ^avdSt,  xiinlhiis,  and  in  fact  it  is  written  xdiilhusi  sometimes. 
This  is  given  as  l/ellojitvilird  xanlusi  m  tiie  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List. 

403.    Eu'-g6n-5s  fiil'-gens.     Gr.  tiytviis,  well-born ;  from  eS,  well,  and  y^vos,  birth ;  ylyvo/iat,  I 
am  born.  —  Lat. /uh/piis,  glittering,  refulgent,  from  /)////ro,  I  shine,  flash,  gleam,  glitter. 
Not  in  the  orig.  ed. :  since  discovered  in  Arizona  by  IL  W.  Ilenshaw. 

409,  TrBch'-I-lQs  c61'-iS-brIs.    Gr.  rpSxi^os  or  Tpoxl^oI,  Lat.  trochilus,  a  kind  of  bird ;  from 

Tpoxo'r,  a  runner.  The  bird  originally  so  called  by  Herodotus  was  an  Egyptian  species 
of  plover,  of  the  genus  yE(jialitis,  which  was  so  named  from  its  habit  of  coursing  the 
banks  of  streams.  The  name  was  also  applied  by  the  ancients  to  some  small  bird, 
species  uncertain,  perhaps  a  warbler,  wren,  or  kinglet.  Very  curiously,  the  name  was 
afterward  transferred  to  the  American  humming-birds,  becoming  fixed  in  modern  nomen- 


,.  y. 


74 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


410.  Trochilus  alexandri  Bourc.  and  Muls.    b  102.  c  276.  r  33c. 

Alexander  Humming-bird. 

411.  Selasphorus  rufus  (Gin.)  Sw.    b  103.  c  277.  R  340. 

Rufous  Humming-bird. 

412.  Selasphorus  alleni  Ilensh.    b — .  c — .  r  341. 

Ailen  Humming-bird. 

413.  Selasphorus  platycercus  (Sw.)  Gld.    B  104.  c  278.  R  339. 

Broad-ttilied  Humming-bird. 

414.  Calypte  annse  (Loss.)  Gld.    B  105.  c  279.  R  338. 

Anna  Humming-bird. 

415.  Calypte  costae  (Bourc.)  Gld.     B  loo.  c  280.  R  337. 

Costa  Humming-bird. 

416.  Atthis  heloisae  (Less,  and  Dc  Lat.)  Reich.     B  — .  c  281.  R  342. 

Heioise  Humming-bird. 

417.  Stellula  calliope  Gld.    b — .  '    82.  r  343. 

Caiiiope  Humming-bird. 

418.  Calothorax  lucifer  (Sw.)  Gra}-.    B  — .  c  — .  R  349. 

Lucifer  Humming-bird. 


fi    ^ 


claturc  as  a  genus  in  that  family  in  consequence  of  sucli  usage  on  the  part  of  Linnaeus. 
—  Tiic  name  coliibris  might  be  an  adjective  formed  from  roluticr,  a  snake,  in  allusion  to 
the  scales  on  the  hummer's  throat;  but  this  is  unlikely.  There  are  old  treatises  on  birds 
in  which  the  terms  colibri,  knlihri,  colibrij  occur,  and  the  word  is  doubtless  barbarous. 

410.  T.  5-16x-an'-dri.    To Alexandre. 

411.  S6-las'-ph6r-vis  ru'-ffls.    Gr.  athas,  atKaos,  light,  and  <pop6s,  bearing,  tpfpa,  1  boar  ;  eupho- 

niously compounded,  at  the  expense  of  strict  propriety.  —  Lat.  rii/us,  rufous,  reddish. 

412.  S.  ai'-16n-i.    To  C.  A.  Allen,  of  Nicasio,  California. 

Not  in  the  orig.  cd. ;  since  distinguished  from  S.  rufus  by  Mr.  llcnshaw :  see  Bull. 
Nutt.  Club,  ii,  1877,  p.  64. 

413.  S.  plSt-y-cEr'-ciSs.     Gr.  itAotuj,  broad,  wide  ;  K«'p«oj,  tail. 

414.  C.  an'-nae.     Dedicated  to  the  Duchess  of  Kivoli. 

This  is  Se!<is])horus  aniia  in  the  orig.  ed. 

415.  C5-lyp'-t5  c5s'-tae.    Gr.  KaAuwr^,  a  jiroper  name;  KaKvirru,  I  conceal.  — To Costa. 

This  is  Sel(tsj)horus  coslw  in  the  orig.  ed. 

416.  At'-thls  h81-6-i'-sae.     Gr.  'AtOi'j,  Attic,  .Mlicnian  ;  probably  in  allusion  to  some  peculiar 

charm  of  the  bird.     Attic  was  ne  plus  ullru  Greek,  as  Parisian  is  par  crccllence  French. 
This  is  Selasphorus  hclolsa;  of  the  orig.  ed. 

417.  Stsr-lQ-15  cal-ir-6-pe.     Lat.  sUllula,  a  little  star,  diminutive  of  stplln,  a  star.  —  Gr.  KoA- 

Airfirjj,  Calliope,  one  of  the  Muses ;  KaAds,  feminine  koAA^,  beautiful,  &c.,  and  6\\i,  voice. 
The  application  of  the  word  to  a  voiceless  bird  is  not  obvious,  unless  it  be  simply 
dedicatory. 

418.  Cal-8-th5'-rax  ItS'-cT-fCr.      Gr.  Ka\6s,  beautiful,  and  0wpo{,  thorax,  chest.  —  Lat.  Lucifer, 

Lucifer,  the  light-bearer,  from  lux,  lucis,  light,  and /fro,  I  bear.  Both  words  note  the 
glittering  plumage. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  since  discovered  in  Arizona  by  II.  W.  Ilenshaw ;  and  first 
announced  from  that  locality  under  the  erroneous  name  of  "  Dorirha  euicura,"  in  Am. 
Sportani.,  v,  p.  328,  Feb.  20, 187S.    See  Lawr.,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  ii,  1877,  p.  108. 


ti  ■ 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


76 


410.  Amazilia  fascocaudata  (Fras.)  Elliot,    b.  — .  c  — .  r  346. 
Dusky-talled  Ilummlng-blrd. 

420.  Amazilia  cerviniventris  Gld.    b  — .  c  — .  R  346. 

BufT-bollled  Ilumnilng-bird. 

421.  lache  latirostris  (Sw.)  Elliot,    b  — .  c  — .  r  348. 

Circe  Ilumming-blrd. 

422.  Trogon  ambiguus  Gld.    B  g5.  c  284.  R  384.  (!M) 

Copper-tailed  Trogon. 

423.  Ceryle  alcyon  (L.)  Boio.    b  117.  c  286.  R  382. 

Belted  Kingflslier. 

424.  Ceryle  americana  cabanisi  (Reich.)  Coues.    b  118.  c  287.  R  383. 

Texas  Kingflslier. 

425.  Crotophaga  ani  L.    b  66,  67.  c  288.  R  389. 

Biacli  Ani. 


419.  Am-5-zTr-I-5  fus-c8-caQd-a'-t5.    The  word  awnjiVi'd  is  apparently  Latinized  from  Lesson's 

word  umazill,  used  in  tlio  plural  form  ainazilis  for  a  group  of  hunnners.  We  do  not  know 
what  it  mcaii3.  —  Lai.  fuscus,  dark,  and  aindnla,  tailed;  cauJa,  tail. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  since  discovered  in  Texas  by  J.  C.  Merrill.  This  has  been 
called  Piirrhophivna  rirj/hri  in  papers  relating  to  the  Texas  specimens.  Sec  Merrill,  Bull. 
Nutt.  Club,  i,  1870,  p.  88,  and  Kidg.,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  1878,  p.  147. 

420.  A.  c5r-vi-nl-ven'-trls.    Lat.  cervlnus,  relating  to  a  deer,  cervus ;  and  ventris,  pertaining  to 

the  belly,  renter.     The  allusion  is  to  theyafrn-colored  under  parts. 

Not  in  the  orig.  cd. ;  since  discovered  in  Texas  by  J.  C.  Merrill.  See  Bull.  Nutt. 
Club,  ii,  1877,  p.  20,  and  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  1878,  p.  148. 

421.  I'-a-chS  la-tl-r5s'-trls.    Gr.  lax^,  a  battle-cry ;  also  a  proper  name,  whence  derived.  —  Lat. 

latirostris,  broad-billed  ;  Intiis,  wide,  like  Gr.  itXotuj, of  same  meaning;  and  rostrum,  beak. 
Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List;  since  discovered  in  Arizona  by  11.  W. 
Ilenshaw.     See  Anier.  Sportsm.,  Feb.  20, 1875. 

422.  Tro'-gon  am-bl'-gQ-iSs.    Gr.  rpiiyuv,  a  gnawer,  rodent,  from  rpiiyu,  I  gnaw,  eat  away, 

corrode  ;  from  the  stout,  dentate  bill ;  see  Tro'jlodijtcs,  No.  74.  The  word  was  applied  by 
Moehring  in  1752  to  the  Brazilian  Trogon,  called  curncni  by  the  natives,  and  made  generic 
by  Brisson  in  1700.  —  Lat.  «hi^/(/»»,s,  ambiguous,  equivocal,  of  more  than  one  meaning, 
in  a  double  sense;  hence,  doubtful,  uncertain;  from  amho,  both,  on  two  sides,  and  ayo, 
to  act  or  do.  Ambiguity  is  literally  a  double-dealing,  "  with  double  sense  deluiling;  " 
compare  Fr.  do-.-hle  entnidre,  and  such  homely  expressions  as  "  back  and  fill,"  "  blow  hot 
and  cold,"  "on  the  fence,"  "  hedge"  (to  bet  on  both  sides).  It  was  badly  applied  to  this 
line  species  when  considered  doubtfully  distinct  from  T.  vKxicmms. 

Tliis  stands  as  T.  nwricaniis  in  the  orig.  ed.  For  its  actual  occurrence  in  Texas,  sec 
Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  1878,  p.  118. 

423.  Ce'-rj^-le  aV-cy-on.      Gr.  K'fipvXos,  a  kingfisher.  —  Gr.   a^Kvtiv,  Lat.  h(dci/(m  or  (dryon,  a 

kingflslier.  'AAkuJvt;  or  Alcyone  was  a  mythical  character,  daughter  of  ^Eolus,  fiibled  to 
have  been  transformed  into  a  kingfisher  when,  out  of  love  for  her  shipwrecked  husband 
Ceyx,  she  threw  herself  into  the  sea.  The  kingfisher  was  also  believed  to  nest  on  the 
water,  at  a  time  the  waves  were  stilled ;  hence  the  term  "  halcyon  days." 

424.  C.  5m-6r-I-ca'-na  c5b-an'-Is-i.    To  Dr.  .lean  Cabanis,  long  time  one  of  the  leaders  of 

German  ornithology,  and  editor  of  the  Journal  fiir  Ornithologie. 

425.  Crd-to'-pha-gl  a'-nL    Gr.  Kporiii',  a  bug,  tick,  plant-louse ;  and  <^o-yoi,  f  rom  </)o70;uai,  I  cat. 


't'\ 


!  ! 


76 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


426.  Crotophaga  sulcirostris  Sw.    b  — .  c  — .  u  390. 

Groove-billed  Anl. 

427.  Geococcyx  californianus  (Less.)  Bd.    b  C8.  c  289.  R  385. 

Ground  Cuckoo;  Chaparral  Cock;  Road-runner. 

428.  Coccygus  erythrophthalmus  (Wils.)  lid.    b  70.  c  290.  r  388. 

Black-billed  Cuckoo. 

429.  Coccygus  americanus  (L.)  Bp.    b  go.  c  291.  n  387. 

Yellow-billed  Cuckoo. 

430.  Coccygus  seniculus  (Lath.)  V.    B  71.  C  292.  R  380. 

Mangrove  Cuckoo. 

431.  Campephilus  principalis  (L.)  Gr.    b  72.  c  293.  r  369. 

Ivory-billed  Woodpecker, 

432.  Hylotomus  pileatus  (L.)  Bd.    b  90.  c  294.  r  371. 

Pileated  Woodpecker. 

433.  Picus  borealis  V.    b  so.  c  29c.  r  3C2. 

Red-cockaded  Woodpecker. 


»    )> 


426.  C.  sul-cl-r8s'-trls.     Lat.  stilaia,  a  groove,  furrow,  clmnnol ;  a  word  sibilated  from  Gr 

oA/cdi,  a  trace,  track,  trail ;  aiul  rustris,  pertaining  to  the  beak,  rostrum. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  since  discovered  in  Texas  by  G.  B.  Sennett.    See  Coues,  Tiie 
Country,  i,  July  13,  1878,  p.  184. 

427.  Ge-a-c5c'-cyx  cal-I-ffir-nl-an'-Qs.    Gr.  7^  or  yta,  the  earth,  and  kSkkv^,  a  cuckoo.    'J'iie 

latter  word  is  ononiatopuie,  and  runs  in  similar  forms  through  many  languages,  the  idea 
being  always  to  express  the  cuckoo's  voice  in  a  word:  Lat.  cuculus;  Fr.  coucou;  Eng. 
cuckoo,  cuckow;  Germ.  .Jlufuf,  &c.     See  Cocci/tjus,  No.  428. 

428.  C8c'-cy-gtSs  6-ryth-roph-thal'-mfls.    The  generic  name  is  modified  from  k6kkv^,  a  cuckoo. 

Its  orthography  has  given  rise  to  much  variance  of  opinion.  It  was  originally  written 
by  Vieillot  cocri/zus ;  such  spelling  has  been  accepted  by  Sclater  and  otiiers,  and  is  per- 
liaps  defensible  on  the  ground  that  there  is  a  Greek  verb  kokkv^w,  1  make  a  noise  like  a 
cuckoo,  wlience  a  noun  kokkv^os,  becoming  cocri/zus  in  Latin,  might  be  formed.  Bole 
first  emended  Vieillot's  name  to  cocci/fjiis,  in  wliicii  he  was  followed  by  Cabanis  and  many 
others.  Other  forms  of  the  word  found  in  ornithological  writings  are :  coccijzoii,  coccij- 
gius,  coccysiis,  cocri/:ius,  coccyijon.  We  adopt  Bole's  form  coccyi/us,  being  directly  from  the 
genitive  of  kokkv^,  not  wishing  to  unnecessarily  interfere.  —  For  enjlhroiihlhulmus,  see 
P//»7o,  No.  301. 

C.  5m-er-I-ca'-nfls.     To  America.     See  Parula,  No.  9.3. 

C.  sCn-I'-cQ-lQs.  Lat.  seniculus,  a  little  old  man ;  diminutive  of  scncx,  an  old  man.  The 
allusion  is  probably  to  the  gray  on  the  head,  a  sign  of  senility. 

Cam-pe'-phll-fls  prin-cl-pa'-lls.  Gr.  ko/uttt;,  a  caterpillar,  from  its  bending ;  well-illus- 
trated in  the  way  a  "  measuring-worm  "  bends.  The  word  primarily  means  a  bending : 
KO/uTTTrfs,  bent  ;  Kanirru,  I  bend  ;  the  same  word  is  seen  in  ('amjti/lorlii/nclius,  for  example. 
<t>(Kos,  ipiKfu),  I  love.  —  liHt.  jn-tnci/ialis,  principal,  chief,  from  the  great  size  of  tlie  bird. 

Hy-lfi'-t8-mfls  pI-16-a'-tiSs.  Gr.  vKorofios,  cutting  wood,  i.  e.,  a  woodcutter :  S)\i},  wood, 
and  riixvfiv,  to  cut.  —  Lat.  pileatus,  capped,  I.e.,  crested;  from  pllfus  or  pihum,  a  cap  ; 
related  to  pllns,  a  hair;  the  same  root  is  seen  in  depilatori/,  pile,  as  of  velvet,  &c. 

Pi'-cQs  b6r-€-a'-lIs.  Lat.  Picus,  a  mythical  person,  and  also  a  woodpecker,  because  the 
former,  one  of  the  victims  of  Circe,  whose  love  he  had  scorned,  was  transformed  into  a 
woodpecker.    The  etymology  ot  picus  is  doubtful ;  the  word  is  said  by  some  to  be  prob- 


42P. 
430. 

431. 


432. 


433. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


77 


434.  Picus  scalaris  Wagl.    B  79.  c  207.  R  3C3. 

Texas  Woodpecker. 

435.  Picus  scalaris  nuttalli  (Garab.)  Coues.    b  78.  c  297o.  R  3C4. 

NuttalPs  Woodpecker. 

436.  Picus  scalaris  lucasanus  (Xant.)  Coues.    B  — .  c  2976.  u  3C3a. 

St.  Lucas  Woodpecker, 

437.  PicuL  stricklandi  Malh.    b  — .  c  — .  r  3G5. 

Strickland^s  Woodpecker. 

438.  Picus  villoSUS  L.      B  74.  C  298.  R  SCO,  3G0a. 

Iluiry  Woodpecker. 

439.  Picus  villosus  harrisi  (Aud.)  All.    b  75.  c  298a.  R  soot. 

Harrises  Woodpecker. 

440.  Picus  pubescens  L.    b  7C.  c  299.  r  3ci. 

Downy  Woodpecker. 

441.  Picus  pubescens  gairdneri  (And.)  Cones,    b  77.  c  soon.  r  3Gia. 

Gttirdner's  Woodpecker. 


ably  for  ;»7i(s,  from  pingo,  I  paint,  ami  licncp  to  mean  piijtm  or  piduit,  painted,  spotted ;  if 
so,  it  is  well  applied  to  the  woodpecker,  a  bird  of  variei;ated  colors,  a  much  pied  bird : 
compare  Pica,  No.  847.  Others  hold,  however,  that  picus  is  from  tlie  same  root  as  the  Gr. 
iri'iTft)  or  iriiror,  a  little  bird,  a  peeper,  chirper ;  just  as  Gr.  I'lriroj  or  ixKoi  and  Lat.  eipms 
(which  was  formerly  spelled  very  differently,  and  with  c  instead  of  q)  are  cognate. 
This  would  make  it  an  onomatopceon,  like  pipit,  pipilo,  tc.  —  Lat.  Lunalis,  northern  ; 
boicas,  the  north-wind. 

Note.  —  According  to  Professor  Newton  (Ibis,  3d  ser.,  vi,  1870,  p.  94  8eq.),the  type 
of  the  Linnican  genus  Picus  is  P.  iiKirtins.  The  same  author  adds,  in  a  private  note 
addressed  to  Dr.  Coues,  that  "  the  adjective  in  any  other  condjination  loses  its  classical 
allusion,  which  all  naturalists,  including  Liimajus,  until  comparatively  recent  times, 
recognized."  It  would  also  appear  that  our  //.  pilcatiis,  No.  432,  is  congeneric  with 
P.  martins.  On  these  premises.  No.  432  should  stand  as  Picus  pilealus,  and  some  other 
generic  name  be  found  for  Nos.  43;M41.  It  is  regretted,  that,  as  the  untoward  eircuni- 
stances  (tent-life  in  unbookish  Arizona)  under  which  these  proof-sheets  are  being  cor- 
rected do  not  permit  us  to  follow  up  the  matter  at  present,  we  are  obliged  to  let  the 
current  nomenclature  pass  with  this  explanafiim. 

434.  P.  sca-la'-r!s.     Lat.  scalaris,  ladder-like;  scala,  a  flight  of  stairs,  a  ladder,  scale,  shortened 

from  scaud/a,  from  scando,  I  climb.  The  idea  in  Wagler's  mind  may  have  been  I  lie 
climbing  or  scaling  of  trees  by  the  bird ;  more  likely  the  bars  on  the  back,  resembling 
the  rounds  of  a  ladder. 

435.  P.  s.  nflt'-tai-li.    To  Thomas  Nuttall.  —Perhaps  entirely  distinct  from  No.  434. 

436.  P.  s.  lQ-c5s-a'-nus.    To  Cape  St.  Lucas,  S.  Cala.,  where  discovered. 

437.  P.  strlck'-land-L     To  Hugh  E.  Strickland,  'he  eminent  Knglish  ornithologist.  " 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.    Since  discovered  in  Arizona  by  II.  VV.  Henshaw.    See  Anier. 
Sportsm.,  v,  p.  .'528,  Feb.  20,  1875. 
,  vil-lo'-siSs.    Lat.  villosus,  shaggy,  hairy,  villous  ;  from  villus,  a  hair,  tuft  of  hair. 


438, 
439, 
440 


P.  V.  hSr'-rls-i.    To  Edward  Harris,  companion  and  friend  of  Audubon. 
P.  pu-be'-scens.     Lat.  puliesccns,  present  participle  oi  pul'csco,  I  come  to  puberty,  i.e.,  the 
time  when  the  hair  grows  on  the  genitals;  pubcs,  the  parts  on  which  such  hair  grows; 
hence,  puhrsccnt,  hairy,  downy. 
441.    P.  p.  gaird'-n6r-i.    To  Dr. Gairdncr,  a  Scottish  naturalist. 


n 


1 


}•  •  .i 


78  CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

442.  Xenopicus  albolarvatus  (Cass.)  Rd.    n  8i.  o  205.  u  ace. 

W'liitc-lieadod  >Voo(lpockor. 

443.  Picoides  arcticus  (Sw.)  rJrivy.    n  82.  c  300.  u  307. 

niack-backol  Throe-toed  Woodpecker. 

444.  Picoides  americanus  IJrolun.    B  s.t.  c;  aoi.  u  308. 

liniideiUbaeked  Thrcc-tood  Woodpecker. 

445.  Picoiiles  americanus  dorsalis  (Ud.)  Allen.    B  84.  c  30ia.  n  SGSa. 

8triped-bucked  Thrco-tocd  Woodpecker. 

446.  Sphyropicus  varius  (L.)  Bd.    B  85.  c  302.  11  309. 

Yellow-bellied  Wooil  pecker. 

447.  Sphyropicus  varius  nuchalis  Bd.    b  so.  c  302a.  u  .uwd. 

Nuchal  Woodpecker. 

448.  Sphyropicus  varius  ruber  (Gm.)  llidg.    b  87.  r  3026,  or  303.  r  3C96. 

Ued-breastod  Woodpecker. 

449.  Sphyropicus  thyro'ides  (Cass.)  Bd.    B  88,  89.  c  304,  305.  R  370. 

Brown-headed  Woodpecker. 

442.  Xen-a-pi'-cQs  31-b5-lar-va'-tiS3.    Gr.  {tVoj, a Ruost, straiiRor ;  {«Voj, rare,  foreiKii.&f.  —  I.:it. 

(iHiohirviiliis,  wliito-miiski'tl ;  albits,  wliito,  and  larra,  a  mask.  'I'lio  same  word  is  usod  for 
insiM.-ts  ill  tJH'ir  early  stage,  wlicn  tlic  characters  of  tlie  inuijo,  or  perfect  insect,  are 
masked  or  hidden  in  tiic  caterpilhir. 

Given  as  Picus  a.  in  the  orig.  cd.    For  generic  cliaracters,  see  Ridgw.,  Pr.  Nat.  M us., 
ii,  1880,  p.  0. 

443.  Pi-cO-i'-d5s  arc'-tl-cfls.     Lat.  piais,  a  woodpecker,  and  Gr.  e75oj,  resoniblanco.     Tlie  word 

is  one  of  the  numerous  bastards  in  the  genera  of  Picidiv,  wliicli  autliors  seem  l)ent  on 
producing;  tliero  is  no  sucli  word  as  Pirug  in  Greek,  yet  tliey  have  constantly  com- 
pounded it  with  Greek  adjectives.  The  tt  becomes  h)ng  i;  tlie  o  is  the  connecting 
vowel ;  tlic  word  should  have  the  diajresis  over  the  /,  and  bo  pronounced  in  four  sylla- 
bles, with  accent  on  the  penult.  All  such  hybrid  words  arc  so  far  wrong  as  to  bo  past 
praying  for,  and  scarcely  worth  the  trouble  of  trying  to  twist  into  some  decent  shape. 

444.  P.  am-6r-I-ca'-nus.     To  America.     See  Panda,  No.  !)3. 
4-43.    P.  a.  dor-sa'-lls.    Lat.  dorsalis,  pertaining  to  dorsum,  the  back. 

446.  Sphy-r6-pi'-ci5s  var'-I-us.    Gr.  aipvpov,  a  hammer,  and  Lat.  piais.    It  was  originally  written 

splii/rapiciis  by  Baird  ;  but  the  connecting  vowel  should  be  o  in  this  case.  It  is  usually 
accented  on  the  antepenult,  with  shortening  of  the  i  in  pirns,  for  which  we  sec  no  reason, 
beyond  our  extreme  tendency  to  throw  the  accent  always  backward.  The  word  is  a 
hopeless  hybrid,  even  when  emended  as  above;  sp/tijri)ropiis  {(t<Pvpok6ttos)  would  have 
been  classic  for  a  hammei  r.  —  Lat.  varius,  various,  varied,  variegated ;  referring  to  the 
coloration  in  this  case. 

447.  S.  V.  nu-cha-lis.    Quasi-Lat.  nuchalis,  relating  to  the  nape,  nucha,  which  is  red  in  this  bird, 

not  in  S.  varius.     See  Leucosticte,  No.  205. 

448.  S.  V.  rfib'-6r.     Lat.  ruher,  red. 

This  stands  as  S.  ruher  in  the  body  of  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Chock  List:  as  above  in  the 
appendix. 

449.  S.  thj^-ro-i'-d5s.    Gr.  BvpfoeiS'fis,  resembling  a  certain  kind  of  shield ;   in  allusion  to  the 

shield-shaped  black  spot  on  the  breast ;  Ovpds,  a  shield,  tlSos,  resemblance.  The  fuller 
form  of  the  word  would  be  Ifiijrroldis,  in  five  syllables.  It  has  always  been  wrongly 
written  thyroidms.     See  especially  Picoides,  No.  443. 

Note.  — 6'.  williamsoni,  No.  305  of  the  orig.  cd.,  is  the  male  of  the  same  speclea 


,ll 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  JHUDS, 


79 


the 


the 
[ik-r 


450.  Centunis  carollnus  (L.)  Bp.    b  9i.  c  30o.  r  372. 

Itod-bclllcd  Woodperknr. 

451.  Centurus  auriflrons  VVagl.    n  92.  c  307.  11  373. 

Yellow>frontotl  M'ootlpcckor. 

452.  Centurus  uropygialis  Ikl.    n  93.  c  308.  u  374. 

Cilia  Woodpecker. 

453.  Melanerpes  erythrocephalus  (L.)  Sw.    u  94.  c  309.  11  375. 

Rod-headed  Woodpecker. 

454.  Melanerpes  formicivorus  bairdi  Ridg.    u  95.  c  310.  11  ;i77. 

Callfornlun  Woodpecker. 

455.  Melanerpes  formicivorus  angustifrons  Bd.    b  — .  c  3i0a.  r  377a. 

Narrow-fronted  Woodpecker. 

456.  Asyndesmus  torquatus  (Wils.)  Coucs.    B  96.  c  311.  r  37G. 

Lewis's  Woodpecker. 

457.  Colaptes  auratus  (L.)  Sw.    n  07.  c  312.  r  378. 

Oolden-wlnged  Woodpecker;  Flicker. 

458.  Colaptes  chrysoides  Malh.    B  99.  c  313.  R  379. 

Oildod  Woodpecker. 

450.  C8n-tQ'-rQs  cS-r6-li'-niSs.    Gr.  Ktvrpou,  a  point,  prieklc,  and  oZpa,  tail ;  splnc-tailcd.    Tlie 

full  form  would  appear  to  be  Ccntniriis  (like  Cvutrocemts,  for  example),  but  there  is  a  way 
of  getting  CciitiiriiH  from  Kfvrri- ;  KfVTiai  is  the  verb  to  priek,  goad,  &e.  —  Vurvliitiis  is  badly 
syneopated  from  caruliiildims ;  cuiulimiisis  would  have  been  better  still. 

451.  C.  aflr'-I-frons.     Lat.  n»r(/;oM,s-,  golden-forehead  ;  fi«n(/n,  gold  (yellow),  an<iy/0H,s,  forehead. 

452.  C.  O-rd-py-gl-a'-lIs.     There  is  a  very  late  Latin  word  uropifjium,  the  rinnp,  from  which 

the  above  is  ikTived  as  an  adjeetive.  But  this  is  merely  a  modern  Latinizing  of  the  good 
Gr.  oxipoTfiytov  or  opfioiriytov,  the  rump ;  from  o5po,  tail,  and  iruyi],  the  butfoeks.  The 
allusion  in  this  ease  is  to  the  conspicuously  white  rump  of  the  bird,  which  a  Greek  would 
have  ealk'd  itiyapyoi  [jii/r/aqiKs). 

453.  Mei-Sn-Er'-pSs  e-ryth-r6-c6ph'-a-lfls.    Gr.  ju/Aar,  genitive  nixavos,  black,  and  fpitr\i,  a 

creeper ;  cpiroi,  I  creep,  crawl.  See  Callwrpes,  No.  CO.  Tlie  full  form  would  be  mclamh 
herjies.  —  Gr.  ipvOp6s,  red,  and  (f«</>oA^,  head. 

454.  M.  for-mi-cI'-v6r-tSs  baird'-i.    Lat.  formica,  an  ant,  and  voro,  I  devour,  in  allusion  to  a 

habit  of  the  species.  —  To  I'rof.  Spencer  FuUerton  Baird.  See  Ridg.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  No.  21,  1881,  p.  85.    Given  in  the  orig.  ed.  as  M./oymiclvorus. 

455.  M.  f.  an-giis'-tl-frons.     Lat.  aniiustus,  narrow,  straitened,  from  nii;io,  I  press  npon,  draw 

together,  &c. ;  (ir.  Hyx^i  1  squeeze,  strangle,  distress,  &c. ;  the  same  root  and  idia  is  seen 
in  aii.rious,  anricly,  iScc. ;  Jrmis,  forehead.  The  allusion  is  to  the  narrowness  of  the  yellow 
frontal  band. 

456.  X-syn-des'-mOs  tSr-qua'-tOs.    Gr.  i  privative,  triv,  together,  witli,  S(ffij.6s,  a  bond  ;  in  allu- 

sion to  the  loosened  texture  of  the  feathers  of  tlie  under  parts.  —  Lat.  tm-qmitHS,  collared  ; 
ior(jijis,  a,  necklace,  collar ;  tonfiim,  I  twist,  twine  around;  tortus,  twisted,  dis^or<ed,  eon- 
tcirl'um ;  so  also  torture,  as  of  one  wrenched  or  racked.  The  allusion  is  to  the  ashy  collar 
on  the  neck  of  the  bird. — The  Kiiglish  name  is  that  of  Mcrriwether  Lewis,  the  explorer 
in  company  with  Clark  (Clark's  Crow,  Picicorvus). 

457.  C61-ap'-tes  aur-a'-tus.    Gr.  KoKairr'fis,  a  chisel,  hammer ;  KoKdirru,  I  use  such  an  instru- 

ment ;  very  appropriate  to  a  woodpecker.  —  Lat.  auratus,  gilded,  golden  (colored) ;  aurum, 
gold  ;  also  very  apt  to  this  bird. 

458.  C.  chry-sfi-i'-des.     Gr.  xP'^<f*os,  xp*"^"*'!,  golden,  of  the  color  of  gold,  xP""''^*;  tlSos, 

resemblance. 


m 


III 


'IF'  ! 


80 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


459.  Colaptes  mexicanus  Sw.    b  98.  c  3i4.  ~  378a. 

Re(l-shafte<l  Woodpecker. 

460.  Conurus  carolinensis  (L,)  Kuhl.    b  C3.  c  315.  r  392. 

Carolina  Parrot;  Paroquet. 

461.  Aluco  flammeus  pratincola  (Bp.)  Coucs.    b  47.  c  3ic.  R  394. 

American  Barn  Owi. 

462.  Bubo  virginianus  (Gni.)  Bp.    B  48.  c  317.  R  405. 

Great  Horned  Owl. 

463.  Bubo  virginianus  arcticus  (Sw.)  Cass.    B  — .  c  3i7a.  r  405a,  4056. 

Arctic  Horned  Owl. 

464.  Bubo  virginianus  pacificus  Cass.    B  — .  c  3176.  11  405c. 

Paciflc  Horned  Owl. 


459. 
460. 


461. 


46£ 


4G3. 
464. 


C.  mex-I-ca'nfls.    To  Mexico. 

C5-nu-rQs  c5-r6-lIn-€n'-sTs.  Or.  uSiuos,  Lat.  conns,  a  cone,  pine-cone,  wlienco  our  word 
for  a  figure  of  tliat  kind  ;  oZpa,  tiiil ;  in  allusion  to  flic  wcdfrcd  or  cuiu'ato  tail. 

Note.  —  The  noniiMiclaturo  of  our  owls,  Nos.  401-4^iy,  must  bo  considered  still 
unsettled  in  sevcriil  instances,  though  we  have  endiavoreil  to  ai)i)roxiinate  toward  a 
fi.\ed  terminology  in  this  diflieult  group,  where  the  species  and  subspecies  are  not  readily 
determined,  and  where  authors  have  bandied  about  the  generic  and  specific  names  so 
indiscriminately  as  to  produce  great  confusion.  The  names  here  jjrovisionally  adopted 
are  in  the  main  according  to  results  reached  by  Mr,  Uidgway,  who  has  given  special 
attention  to  these  birds. 

Al-ii'-co  flam'-mfi-fls  prat-in'-c6-15.  The  meaning,  of  Aluco  we  do  not  know,  further  than 
tliat  it  has  long  been  used  for  some  kind  of  owl ;  perhaps  related  to  f\(6s,  wliich  occurs 
in  Aristotle  as  the  name  of  some  owl,  and  is  cnunierated  by  Hrisson  among  the  syno- 
nyms of  the  European  barn  owl.  Numberless  names  of  owls  in  very  many  languages 
are  doubtless  nv  e  nearly  related  than  their  diverse  orthography  would  show  at  first 
sight,  and  mostly  appear  to  be  ononi.iiopa'ic,  in  iiuitntion  of  the  hooting,  howling  cries 
of  these  inauspicious  birds  of  the  night ;  Kng.  oirl,  oirlil,  IwirUt;  A,  S.  iil,  cul,  iilc ;  Dutch, 
till;  Dan.  w/le ;  Sw.  »<j(jUi ;  Germ,  fiilf;  Fr.  luilntlr ;  Ital.  alorlio  (compare  aliico]  ;  Sansk. 
tiliika,  &c.  —  Jjai.Jliiiiimciis,  flaming,  fiery -red  ;  Jhimnut  (flaij-imt),  a  ilame,  l)laze  ;  t'  xit 
is  seen  in.//i»yrant,.//(i7itious,  de/Zoyrati' ;  ,//".'/'"i  I  "iH'i>  uj),  am  indanied;  and  nuin^  ..n- 
dred  W(n'ds.  The  allusion,  rather  strong,  is  to  \\w  Jhuirnnt  colors  uf  this  species  in  com- 
parison with  most  owls.  —  Lat.  jmitliiroln,  an  inhabitant  of  fields;  }tralitm,  a  meadow, 
iiiculd,  an  inhabitant  {in  and  colo,  I  cultivate). 

This  stands  as  Sirij-Jlanniica  amrricnim  in  the  orig.  ed.,  and  Ridgway  has  A.flnmmrn 
americana;  but  jirnliiinila  Bp.  (18!J8)  antedates  (/Hif-nrKHfi  And.  (18!!!));  ami,  on  the  giii- 
cric  nomenclature  of  owls,  especially  on  the  type  of  Slrix  L.,  see  Newton,  Yarr.  Br.  B., 
4th  od.,  i,  p.  150,  and  Ibis,  ;]d  ser.,  vi,  1870,  p.  Oi. 

BQ'-bo  v!r-gln-T-a'-nQs.  Lat.  Imlm,  the  horned  owl ;  perhaps  related  to  huhiiliis  or  hidmlii/i ; 
Ikis,  Gr.  /3oCs,  a  bull,  horned  cattle;  there  is  a  similar  Greek  word  Pvas,  for  a  horned  owl. 
So,  also,  the  verb  Imho  or  biihalo,  to  low,  hoot ;  ihe  w(^rd  for  the  bittern,  hiilor,  liutminis 
{Ims,  laiirus),  and  otlierg,  are  relateil,  all  being  onoinatopaMc,  with  reference  to  the  low- 
ing or  bellowing  of  cattle. —  Vln/iiiiiiiiiin,  see  Canliiiiilis,  No.  2fl!). 

B.  V.  arc'-tl-cfls.     See  Sialia,  No.  2!). 

B.  V.  p3-cI'-n-cQs.  Lat.  im-i/iri(s,  pacific,  peaceable,  peace-making ;  pax,  i)cacc,  faclo,  I  do, 
make  ;  "  the  stilly  sea."     The  reference  is  to  the  bnbitat  of  the  bird. 

We  retair<  the  three  forms  of  liiiho  as  given  in  the  orig.  ed.  Mr.  Ridgway,  after  dis- 
missing Mr.  Cassin's  vat.  i>u:(/kua,  has  four:  B.  v.,  and  U.  v.  arcticus,  as  we  have  them; 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


81 


465.  Scops  asio  (L.)  Bp.     B  49.  C  318.  B  402. 

Screech  Owl;  Mottled  Owl;  Red  Owl. 

466.  Scops  asio  kennicotti  (Elliot)  Coues.    B  — .  c  3i8o.  r  402rf. 

Kcnnicott's  Screech  Owl. 

467.  Scops  asio  maxwellae  Ridg.    B  — .  c  — .  R  402c. 

Rocky  Mountain  Screech  Owl. 

468.  Scops  asio  maccalli  (Cass.)  Coues.    B  so.  c  3186.  R  4026. 

McCall's  Screech  Owl. 

469.  Scops  asio  floridanus  Ridg.     B  — .  c  3i8c.  R  402a. 

Florida  Screech  Owl. 

470.  Scops  trichopsis  Wag).    B  — .  c  — .  R  403.  (?) 

Mexican  Screech  Owl. 

471.  Scops  flammeolus  (Licht.)  Scl.    B — .  c  3i9.  R  404. 

Flainmulated  Screecli  Owl. 

472.  Asio  wilsonianus  (Less.)  Coues.     B  51.  c  3io.  R  395 

Liong-eared  Owl. 


1 


5  i 


1?, 


do, 


witli  n.  r.  toihdirticus,  after  IIoj',  and  /?.  v.  satHratHs,'R\dg.,  from  the  North-west  coast, 
tho  latter  buiiig  var.  jmrijirus  of  Hist.  N.  A.  B.,  iii,  p.  Go. 

465.  Scops  as'-I-o.  Lat.  smprs  or  sro/is.  Or.  iTKii\fi,  a  kind  of  owl.  Iloro  we  liavo  a  name  for 
owl  which  regards  the  hird  in  an  entirely  different  sense  from  tiiat  implied  in  any  of  the 
onomatopnMc  names.  The  etymology  is  disputed.  Some  say  from  <TK<i-n-ra>,  I  moek, 
seolT,  deride,  whieli  would  make  sco/is  tlie  same  as  crK(iirTrjs,a  mocker,  mimic  ;  the  actions 
of  an  owl  seeming  to  travesty  the  beholder.  Others  have  it  from  crKoirtai,  I  look  out, 
survey,  conteinpliite,  the  rout  of  this  heing  seen  in  sm/ic,  telescope,  &c. ;  or  from  crKeirTOfiat, 
I  examine,  scrutinize,  am  sirpiiail  ahout  any  thing;  the  reference  being  to  the  groat 
staring  eyes  of  the  liinl,  or  its  air  of  contemplation.  —  I.at.  <isii>,  a  horned  owl ;  occurring 
in  I'litiy  ;  apparently  a  word  of  Hebrew  extraction,  the  significance  of  which  is  unknown 
to  us. 

406.  S.  a.  ken-nT-cflt'-ti.  To  liobert  Kennicott,  of  Illinois,  an  ardent  and  able  naturalist,  who 
i-adiy  lost  Ills  life  on  the  Vid<on  Uiver,  in  Alaska,  where  the  variety  was  procured. 

467.    S.  a.  max'-wCl-laS.     To  Mrs.  .M.  A.  Maxwell,  of  Boulder,  Colorado,  the  discoverer. 

Not  in  the  ovig.  cd  of  the  Check  List ;  since  described.     See  Field  and  I'^orcst,  June, 
■  1HT7.  pp.  21     2i:!. 

46S.  S.  a.  mSc-car-;  .  To  Cohmel  (i.  A.  McCall,  U.  S.  A  ,  of  Philadelphia,  who  studied 
ornithology  in  Te.\as. 

The  .<.  11.  iiiiiiiii.  recently  attributed  to  Texas  by  Coues  and  Seimett,  has  been  idcnti- 
fiid  with  this  by  liidgway. 

460.    S.  a.  flo-rl-da-nus.     To  Florida. 

470.  S.  trich-6p -sl3.     (!r.  0pi'|,  giiiiiive  rptxAt,  hair,  and  fiiff,  aspect,  countenance ;  ;'.  7.,  hairy- 

faccil,  bristly  about  the  bill  !  or  general  |)liiinage  of  that  character? 

Not  in  the  orig.  eil.  of  the  Check  List.  H  not  the  speeii's  itself,  then  its  identifica- 
tion with  any  I'nited  States  specimens,  would  appear  to  be  dubious.  The  name  is 
inxTtcd  upon   Mr.  Uidgway's  autliority. 

471.  S.  fliim-me'-6-liSs.     I.iit. //"'"mi '//h.s,  diminutive  of. //(immfii.'! ;  see  .,'l/i(ro,  No.  'l(il. 

472.  As'-I-3  wll-s6n-l-a'-nfls.    I'or  i/.</i),  see  .'^'cd/).'!.  No.  4(35. — Latinized  iriViiOHiVoi ;  to  Alexander 


W 


' fathi 


ler  of  American  ornithology. 


This  staiuls  as  (Hns  viili/n 


/linn  v:ir.  irilsuiintniis  in 


Isu 


the  orig.  ed  ,  b\it  is  now  regarded  as 


p 


82 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


473.  Asio  accipitrinus  (Pall.)  Newt.    B  52.  c  32i.  R  395. 

Short-eared  Owl. 

474.  Strix  ciiierea  Gm.    b  53.  c  322.  R  399. 

Great  Gray  Owl. 

475.  Strix  cinerea  lapponica  (Rctz.)  Cones.    B  — .  c  — .  R  399a.  (!a,) 

Lapland  Great  Gray  Owl. 

476.  Strix  nebulosa  Forst.    b  54.  c  323.  R  397. 

Barred  Owl. 

477.  Strix  nebulosa  alleni  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  R  3970. 

Flor    la  Burred  OwL 

478.  Strix  occidentalis  (Xant.)  Ridg.     b  — .  c  324.  r  398. 

Western  Barred  Owl. 

479.  Nyctea  scandiaca  (L.)  Newt,    b  01.  c  325.  r  400. 

Snowy  OwL 


"    'I 


473.    A.  ac 


474. 


sufficiently  disi^nct  from  tlie  Eurnppan  bird.  —  Tlio  genus  Otm  is  from  tlie  L.at.  otus,  Gr. 
SiTOi  or  i)T6s,  the  carul  owl;  Gr.  oii  or  &s,  genitive  iirii,  an  ear;  from  oSas,  ii  handle. 
(See  Bubo,  No.  402,  and  compare  ;3i5os  and  ^oCs)  —  The  fjenus  Aslo  would  appear  to  be 
eligible  for  the  group  of  long-eari'd  owls  conunonly  eallod  Otns  of  late  years.  —  It  is 
quite  likely  that  the  most  available  speeific  name  for  our  bird  is  amcricninis  (Sleph.),  us 
Ridgway  has  it. 
ac-clp-lt-ri'-nijs.     Lat.  acciiutriniin,  aceipitrine,  hawklike;  see  Accipiter,  Xo.  494. 

Tills  staiiils  as  IJi-dchi/otn.i  imlitatris  in  the  orig.  ed.  Hut  both  the  eared  owls  may  well 
be  put  in  one  genus,  and  the  name  afcipitriints  has  priority  over  Imic/ii/otiis.  This  last 
word  is  literal  Greek  for  "  shorf-earcd." 
Strix  cin-er'-e-a.  Lat.  stn'.r,  stri/.r,  or  r,l,-i/nx,  or  Gr.  a-rplyf.  <^  screech-owl ;  from  strirlo,  I 
screeeli,  utter  shrill  strident  sounds  of  any  kind  ;  Gr.  (TTpd^ui ;  sibilated  from  rpi^ai.  The 
same  root  is  seen  in  the  Knglish  strident,  stridnhiis.  —  Lat.  citwrcus,  ashy  ;  riuis,  ashes.  See 
Hdrporlii/iirliiis,  No.  22. 

This  stands  as  Sip-niiim  Inpponiaim  var.  cincrnum  in  the  orig.  cd.,  by  a  blunder ;  for  the 
latter  nanie  has  priority  over  tlio  former.  The  late  rectifieations  made  by  Newton  in 
the  genera  of  owls  cause  Strix  to  be  referrcil  to  tlie  common  Brown  Owl  of  Lurope, 
strictly  congeneric  with  our  Barred  Owl.  It  the  great  (iray  Owls  be  considered  generi- 
cally  distinct,  they  may  be  called  Scoti.vi'Tex.  Mr.  Kidgway  uses  the  genus  Uiida  lor 
this  group,  which  he  separates  from  Strix  proper. 
S.  c.  Iap-p6n'-l-ca.     To  Lapland. 

This  lOuropean  conspecies  of  the  great  Gray  Owl  has  lately  been  attributed  to  Nortli 
America  by  Hidgway :  see  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  iii,  1878,  p.  37  ;  Alaska.     Not  in  orig.  ed. 
47G.    S.  n6b-u-lo'-sa.    Lat.  mhilosus,  nebtilous,  misty,  foggy,  in  the  sense  here  of  ilark  clouded 
Color;    from   the   O.  vetpe\r]  (i/f'foj),  a   cloud.      So,  also,  Lat.  niilies,  a   cloud;    iiidm,  I 
marry,  nnfiilis,  marriageable;  the  bride  l)cing  veiled  {nnptu)  for  the  nuptials. 

This  is  Sip-niiim  nelni'osuni  of  the  orig.  ed. 
S.  n.  al'-len-i.     To  .1.  A.  Allen,  of  Cainhridge,  Mass.     See  Pipilo,  No.  002. 

.Not  in  the  orig.  cd. ;  since  described.     See  Kidg.,  I'r.  Nat.  Mils.,  ii,  1880,  p.  8. 
S.  oc-cl-den-ta'-lls.     Lat.  orrident<dis,  occidental,  western,  where  the  sun  sets  ;  oceldo,  I 
fall  down  (i)h  and  ntdo,  not  oee'ulo,  I  slay). 

This  is  Sipiiiiini  oeeidmtnle  of  the  orig.  ed. 
Nyc'-t6-5  scan-dl-a'-ca.    Gr.  Nu/treus,  Lat.  Xi/eteiis,  a  proper  name;  as  an  adjective,  noc- 
turnal;   Lat.  nor,  (ir.  vv^.  night.     There  are  very  m!'.ny  derivatives,  of  which  \i/clid(i  is 
one.  —  Lat.  A'auK/Zata,  Skandinavian,  relating  to  Scandia  or  Scandinavia. 


475. 


477. 

478. 

47D. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTU  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


88 


480.  Sumia  funerea  (L.)  Rich.  &  Sw.    B  C2.  c  326.  u  407. 

American  Hawk  Owl. 

481.  Surnia  funerea  ulula  (L.)  Ridg.    B  — .  c  — .  u  407.  (?)  (!a.) 

Europcau  Hawk  Owl. 

482.  Nyctala  tengmalmi  richardsoni  (Bp.)  Ridg.    b  55.  c  327.  fi  400. 

Iliehardson's  Owl. 

483.  Nyctala  acadica  (Gm.)  Bp.     b  so,  57.  c  328.  u  40i. 

Acadian  Owl;  Saw-whet  Owl. 

484.  Glaucidium  gnoma  Wagl.    b  co.  c  329.  R  409. 

Pygmy  Owl. 


ill  I 


480.  Sur'-nl-a  fu-n5'-rT-5.     Surnia  and  Si/nuum  are  forms  of  tlio  same  word,  the  nioaninpr  n"d 

derivation  of  which  are  alilve  uiilcnown  to  us;  we  follow  Newton  in  usiiij,'  tlie  former; 
see  Sund.,  Tent.,  p.  104.  —  Lat.  fmicreiis,  funereal ;  from  faiuis,  a  funeral,  burial  pro- 
cession. Applieahle  to  an  owl,  either  regarded  as  a  bird  of  ill  omen,  or  with  refereneo  lo 
its  dismal  cry,  as  if  wailini;  the  dead. 

This  stands  Siirnid  uluUi  htiilsuiiica  in  the  orig.  cd.     Names  of  owls  are  "  confusion 
worse  confounded."     Sec  Hid};.  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  ii,  1880,  p.  8. 

481.  S.  f.  fil-iSl-a.     Lat.  i(/i//«, a  I'linian  name  of  tlie  screech-owl;  »/(//c),  Gr.  oAoAufoi,  I  howl,  hal- 

loo, make  a  "huUaballoo";  all  ononuitopa'ic.  Compare  also  tlie  Hebrew,  ?;~,  whence 
lialttlii'jiiU. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.     The  old  world  Hawk  Owl,  at  best  hardly  distinguishable  from 

■'     the  American,  is  stilted  to  occur  in  Alaska  as  a  straggler  from  Asia;  mid  all  the  Hawk 

'    Owls  of  Great  IJrilain  are  said  to  be  of  the  American  variety.     Tlie  case  itself  is  as 

periile.xiiig  as  its  nonieiiclature  is  involved. 

t 

482.  Nyc'-ta-la  teng'-mal-mi  rlch'-ard-s6n-i.     Gr.  viJKTaAos  or  i/oa-raAos,  drowsy,  sleepy.     See 

Nijctta,  No.  -179,  for  basis  of  the  word.  —  To  P.  G.  Tengmalm,  a  Swedish  naturalist. — To 
Sir  John  liichardson,  the  I'higlish  naturalist. 

433.    N.  a-cad'-I-ca.     To  Acudia,  or  Acadie,  a  locale  now  in  Maine,  scene  of  Longfellow's 
"  Evangeline." 

484.  GlaQ-cId'-I-Qm  gno'-ma.  There  is  a  Greek  word  yXavKihiov,  but  that  is  some  kind  of  fish, 
pot  a  bird.  It  is,  however,  related  to  yKav^,  which  means  an  owl.  There  is  also  an 
adjective  -yAauKtiSj/s,  from  7Aai;{  and  tZSos,  from  which  (jhinvitliniii  may  be  modified. 
The  allusion  in  all  tiiese  cases  is  to  the  i-i/rs  of  the  bird;  if  not  in  color,  then  in  the 
general  aspect  and  expression  of  these  remarkable  organs  of  vision.  There  being  actu- 
ally no  owls  with  liluc  eyes,  as  y\avK6s,  i/lniicus,  is  commonly  translated,  the  direct  impli- 
cation is  probably  to  the  owl  as  the  bird  of  wisdom,  sacred  to  Minerva,  7AauKai7rir  being 
one  of  the  most  faiiiiliar  llDiiieric  e])ithcts  of  the  "l)lueeycd"  goddess.  Such  may 
therefore  be  the  meaning  of  ^Aaff,  without  reference  to  the  color  of  the  bird's  own  eyes. 
—  The  word  ijiiomu  is  very  pat  for  an  owl,  and  especially  interesting  in  such  apjilication. 
Cir.yvaina,i  •  opinion,  decision  ;  yviu/jirt,  reason;  7i'(i|Uwi', a  judge,  arbiter;  all  from "yi^vuJo-Kui. 
I  know  ;  whence  also  (/""■«'"'•  imd  tlie  very  Knglisli  word  kiioiv,  wiili  countless  relate<l 
forms,  all  rooted  in  the  idea  of  knowledge.  Hence  i,noma  is  apt  for  tlie  bird  of  Minerva, 
goddess  of  wisdom,  and  is  given  just  as  Alliene  was  made  a  similar  epithet.  Further- 
more, the  Knglish  word  iiiioiuc,  by  which  wo  may  directly  translate  f/Ho»ia  in  this  case,  Is 
from  the  same  root,  meaning  etymologically  "  the  knowing  one,"  "  one  who  arbi- 
trates certain  <lesliiiies  "  :  by  nietonyiny,  a  kind  of  sprite  or  elf  presiding  over  mines. 
(I'lwma  is  thus  an  eligilile  epithet  of  a  bini  which  combines  a  reputation  for  wisdom 
with  certain  superstitions  connected  with  the  gnome-like  or  goblia-like  quality  of  its 
knowiiigness. 


ir' 


84 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


485.  Glaucidium  femigineum  (Maxim.)  Kaup.    b  — .  c  sao.  u  4io. 

Ferrugineous  Owl. 

486.  Micrathene  whitneyi  (Coop.)  Coues.    B  — .  c  33i.  R  4ii. 

Elf  Owl. 

487.  Speotyto  cunicularia  hypogsea  (Bp.)  Coucs.    b  os,  so.  c  332.  R  408. 

Burrowing  Owl. 

488.  Speotyto  cunicularia  floridana  Ridg.    B  — .  c  — .  R  408a. 

Florida  Burrowing  Owl. 

489.  Circus  cyaneus  hudsonius  (L.)  Coues.    B  38.  c  333.  u  430. 

Marsh  Hawk;  Harrier. 

490.  Rostrhamus  sociabilis  plumbeus  (— )  Ridg.    B  37.  c  334.  R  429. 

Everglatlo  Kite. 

491.  Ictinia  subccsrulea  (Bartr.)  Coues.    B  36.  c  335.  R  428. 

Mississippi  Kite. 

492.  Elanus  glaucus  (Bartr.)  Coucs.     B  35.  c  336.  R  427. 

White-tailed  or  Black-shouldered  Kite. 

485.  G.  fer-ru-gIn'-6-um,    Lat.  yjrnfi/i/ifHni,  rusty-red ;  yenvi^o,  iron-rust ;  yem(m,  iron. 

486.  Mi-cr5-then'-e  whit'-ney-i.    Gr.  /xtKpis,  small ;   'A0V'?  or  'Aflr/va  or  'Aerjvala,  the  Greek 

goddess  of  wisdom,  to  whom  the  owl  was  sacred.  There  was  already  a  genus  Athene, 
when  Dr.  Coues  eonstrueted  the  above.  The  genus  Attliis,  No.  410,  is  rooted  with  the 
same,  ns  are  Altic,  Alliens,  Alhcniun,  Athcnitiim,  &c.  —  To  Professor  J.  1).  Wliitney,  Director 
of  the  Geological  Survey  of  California. 

487.  Spe-6'-ty-to  cQn-i-cQ-la'-ri-5  hy-p6-gae'-5.     Gr.  o-TTfoy,  a  cave,  excavation  ;  tut«,  a  kind 

of  owl.  Tiie  first  refers  to  tlie  burrowing  of  this  species  ;  the  last,  like  tiliiln,  is  ononia- 
topa?ic,  in  imitation  of  an  owl's  hooting  or  "  tooting";  /^<o,  a  "  tooter." — Lat.  atnicn- 
lariiis,  a  miner,  burro wer;  cunicidus,  a  mine,  pit,  hole.  —  Lat.  /ii/poi/inim,  a  vault,  cellar; 
Gr.  virSytios,  under  ground,  subterranean ;  i/ird,  under,  yta,  yrj,  the  ground.  Thus  all 
three  words  refer  to  the  same  thing. 

488.  S.  c.  flor-ld-a'-n5.    To  Florida,  "  land  of  flowers." 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  since  described  ;  Hidg.,  Am.  Sportsman,  July  4,  1874,  p.  210. 

489.  Clr-cQs  cy-an'-6-Gs  hiid-s8n'-I-\js.     Gr.  nlpKos,  Lat,  circus,  a  kind  of  hawk,  so  called 

from  its  cirdinq  in  the  air.  —  Gr.  Kvavos,  Lat.  ri/unciis,  blue  ;  the  color  of  tlie  old  male.  — 
To  Hudson's  Bay. 

490.  Rostr-ham'-us  s6-cl-a'-bl-lls  plum'-bS-iSs.     Lat.  rostrum,  beak,  and  linmns,  Gr.  x^MoJ,  a 

hook,  from  tiie  greatly  decurved  form  of  the  upper  mandible.  It  is  a  queerly  com- 
pounded word,  meaning  literally  bill-hook,  though  the  person  who  invented  it  meant  to 
say  hook-bill,  luimirostrum.  It  is  very  bad  form  as  it  stands,  but  we  hardly  know  how 
to  enieml  without  entirely  changing  it.  —  Lat.  sociuiilis,  sociable,  gregarious;  socius,  a 
companion.  —  Lat.  jilnmheus,  plumbeous,  lead-colored. 

491.  Ic-tln'-I-a  sQb-coe-riU'-fi-a.     Gr.  iKriv  or  ik~"i/os,  a  kite  ;  probably  rooted  same  as  XxTtpos,  a 

diseat-e,  in  the  iilea  of  utlackimj  ;  Lat.  )V/m.s-,  a  blow,  &c. —  Lat.  sidi,  a  jjrefi.x  of  diminishing 
force,  and  cariikiis,  blue;  bluish,  pale  blue.     See  Dendraca,  No.  117. 

This  stands  as  /.  mississippiensis  in  the  orig.  ed.  See  Coues,  I'r.  Phlla.  Acad.,  1875, 
p.  345. 
49S.  El'-an-Qs  glaQ'-cQs.  Lat.  fhnus,  a  kite ;  derived  from  the  Gr.  iKaivw,  I  drive  on,  urge 
forward,  i)ress  upon,  harass,  &c. ;  a  good  name  for  a  bird  of  prey  which  e.\hil)its  what 
the  French  would  call  ilnn.  —  Lat.  ijinurus,  Gr.  y\avK6s,  bluish,  glaucous;  from  Atuw, 
\fv(r<Tu,  I  shine.     See  (jiducliliiim,  No.  484. 

This  is  /■JIdiius  Icucurus  in  the  orig.  ed.    See  Coues,  Pr.  Phila.  Acad.,  1875,  p.  045. 


m 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


86 


493.  Elanoides  forficatus  (L.,  1758)  Coues.    b  34.  c  337.  k  426. 

Swallow-tailed  Kite. 

494.  Accipiter  fuscus  (Gm.)  Bp.    B  17.  c  338.  R  432. 

Sharp-sliinned  Hawk;  Pigeon  Hawk. 

495.  Accipiter  cooperi  Bp.    n  i5,  ig.  c  339.  11 431. 

Cooper's  Hawk;  Cliicken  Hawk. 

496.  Astur  atricapillus  (AVils.)  Bp.    B  14.  c  340.  R  433. 

American  Goshawk. 

497.  Astur  atricapillus  striatulus  Ritlg.    B  — .  c  — .  R  433a.  (?) 

Western  Goshawk, 

498.  Falco  sacer  Forst.    b  — .  c  341.  r  4126. 

American  Continental  Gyrfalcon. 


C'd 


75, 

•pc 
lilt 


493.  El-an-8-i'-des  for-fl-ca'-tQs.    Lat,  e/anns  (see  No.  402)  and  Gr.  tlSos,  resemblance.  —  For 

forjicdtus,  see  Milculus,  No.  307. 

Tliis  is  Nauderux  farcaliis  of  the  orig.  ed.    See  Coues,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gcol.  Surv.  Terr., 
iv,  No.  1,  1878,  p.  42. 

494.  Ac-cIp'-I-tfir  fus'-cQs.    Lat.  accipiter,  a  pencral  name  for  a  hawk ;  accipio,  I  take,  seize ; 

from  (/(/ and  capio:  Gr.  kottto),  of  similar  meaning.  Some,  however,  derive  the  word 
(as  it  seems  to  us,  fancifully)  from  acuo  and  peto,  i.  c,  the  swift  flyer.  The  root  cap-  is  a 
very  general  one  for  words  denoting  this  idea  of  taking ;  as  in  English  accept,  except, 
captlic,  capable,  capaeims,  &c.  —  hAi.  fuscus,  fuscous,  dark-colored. 

495.  A.  coop'-6r-i.    To  William  Cooper,  of  New  York. 

496.  As'-tur  a-trl-ca-pil'-lQs.     Lat.  «s(h)',  a  hawk;  evidently  related  to  aster,  a  star;  asterias, 

starry,  I.  f.,  speckled ;  French  (ii/(oi()- is  the  same.  The  Kuropean  Goshawk  was  called 
Asterias  and  "  Star-hawk  "  by  some  of  the  old  ornithologists,  and  the  term  aartpiat 
Upal  is  classic.  The  Italian  is  astore  or  usturo,  and  some  dialectic  form  of  this  is  said  to 
give  the  name  to  the  Avores  or  Azores  Islands,  from  the  abundance  of  liawks  there. — 
For  atrirapillus,  see  Parus,  No.  44.  The  word  e/os-  prefi.xed  to  hawk  is  Anglo-Saxon ; 
goshafoc  is  goose-hawk;  /»'/•>.  and  many  similar  words,  are  related  to  fuucon,jhUon,  falco, 
which  see.  No.  4'.)8. 

497.  A.  a.  strl-a'-tu-lus.     Lat.  .s7/-w?h/i(s,  diminutive  of  s^nn^Hs,  striate,  streaked,  striped  ;  imply- 

ing not  the  smallncss  of  the  streaked  object,  but  the  fineness  of  the  stripes  tliemselves. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List.  Since  described  by  Uidg.,  Hist.  N.  A.  B.,  iii, 
1874,  p.  240. 
493.  Fal'-co  s5'-c6r.  Gr.  (pdK'iwv,  L:it.  film,  a  falcon,  from  the  ftl.r,  fakis,  a  sickle,  scythe;  in 
allusion  to  the /i(/(((/i'  form  of  the  hooked  beak.  The  Fnglish  is  directly  from  /k/co,  and 
the  word  reappears  in  many  languages  :  Vr.  faucim  ;  Ital.filroiie ;  Sjian.  Imlron,  &c.  —  The 
word  Gi/rfiili-oii  or  Jerfalnm  has  much  e.\ercised  the  ingenuity  of  the  dictionaries.  To 
us  the  etymology  seems  clear  and  indisijutable.  It  is  fotmd  in  many  forms,  as  ije.r-,  r/ir-, 
.W"">  ;!"'o->  "'''-.  iif'-,  nud  this  U'ads  directly  to  Up6s,  divine,  sacred,  noble,  ausjiicions, 
chief,  &c. ;  I'cpcus,  a  priest;  when(  ^  h'pa^,  the  actual  tireck  word  for  a  hawk,  as  used  in 
divination,  and  therefore  sacred.  The  idea  is  the  same  as  that  in  hierarch,  &c.  The 
Kiiglish  Gyrfalcon  or  Jcrfalcon  is  therefore  a  mere  transliteration  of  lliernfiU-o.  It 
the  same  spirit,  Steenstrup  recently  made  a  genus  (!ip-alca  for  the  principal  bird  of  the 
auk  tribe,  already  known  in  many  vcrnaeidars  by  a  corresponding  e]>ithet.  Speculations 
respecting  7//r- as  meaning  (///)h.<!,  a  whirl,  from  the  hawk's  gyrations,  are  superfluous.^ 
Lat.  S'lrrr  sacred,  consecrated,  sanctified,  &c. ;  the  root  sac-  is  the  Greek  root  ay,  as  seen 
in  iiyius,  ayt'6!. 

By  the  above  name  wc  indicate  the  continental  Gyrfalcon  of  Arctic  America,  corre- 


M 


^ifPi; 


8G 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


499.  Falco  sacer  obsoletus  (Gm.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  r  412c. 

Labrador  Gyrfalcon. 

500.  Falco  islandicus  Gm.    B  12.  c  — .  r  41 2a. 

Iceland  Gyrfalcon. 

601.   Falco  candicans  Gm.    B  11.  c  34ia.  R  412.  (G.) 

Greenland  Gyrfalcon. 

502.  Falco  mexicanus  Lioht.    B  10.  c  342.  R  413. 

American  Lanier  Falcon. 

503.  Falco  peregrinus  Tuiistall.    B  5,  c.  c  343.  r  414. 

Peregrine  Falcon ;  Duck  Hawk. 

504.  Falco  peregrinus  pealii  (Kiilg.)  Coues.    B  — .  c  343o.  R  4i4a.  (?) 

Peale's  Peregrine  Falcon. 

505.  Falco  columbarius  L.    B  7.  c  344.  R  417. 

Pigeon  Hawk. 

506.  Falco  columbarius  suckleyi  Ridg.    b  — .  c  344a.  r  4i7a.  (?) 

Buckley's  Pigeon  Hawk. 

spondinj;  to  F.  rjip-fiilfn  of  Continental  Europe,  without  raising  the  mucli-vexcd  question 
of  tlieir  identity.  We  give  the  dark  I^al)ra(hir  bird  as  a  variety  of  tliis,  and  the  Ice- 
landic and  Grcenlandic  as  hotli  specifically  di.stiiiet ;  tliougli  we  suppose  all  tlie  nortlicrn 
///'  rnfnicones  to  be  but  geograpliieal  races  of  a  single  species. 

499.  F.  s.  6b-E61-e'-tQs.     Lat.  (V«o/(7i(.s,  unaccustomed,  unwonted,  disused,  obsolete ;  here  refer- 

ring simply  to  the  ill-deflned  eliaraeter  of  tlie  markings  ;  oh  and  soko,  I  am  accustomed. 

Not  in  orig.  ed.     This  is  FuIcd  lahmdorns  of  Audubon,  lately  accredited  by  Mr.  Kidg- 
way  witli  varietal  distinction,  and  identified  with  F.  ohsuklus  Gin. 

500.  F.  is-land'-I-cQs.    [ees-].     Latinized  directly  from  the  native  name  of  lee-land  (Island, 

otherwise  known  as  Eisland  and  Ijsland),  and  thus  meaning  Icelandic,  —  not  "in- 
sular." 

601.    F.  can'-dl-cans.    Lat.  cn;K7/co,  I  am  white;  present  participle  of  the  verb  ;  rnHf/fV/iis,  white  ; 
condeo,  I  .am  shining,  &e.     Candid  is  pure,  clean,  hence  truthful ;  nuKhsrcnl,  brilliantly 
glowing ;  candidaUs  were  so  called  because  clothed  in  white;  aindhs  give  light;  emu  scent 
hairs  grow  white;  in  all  these,  and  countless  words,  tlie  same  root  is  seen. 
In  the  orig.  cd.  as  Fidco  miccr  var.  coiidi'rwis  ;  see  above.  No.  408. 

502.  F.  mex-I-ca'-nus.     To  Me.vico,  whence  Liehtenstein  described  it.     It  has  been  identified 

with  F.  pnli/ni/riis  of  Cassin.  "  Lanier"  or  "  Lanner"  is  the  name  applied  in  ornithology 
and  faleoiirv  to  certain  Old  World  species;  it  is  from  hiiiidrins,  of  a  butcher,  Inniiitur,  a 
butcher,  from  Innio,  I  lacerate,  mangle;  Imiiiis  (which  see,  No.  180)  is  the  same  thing. 

503.  F.  pgr-6-gri'-nfls.     See  UvlminthoiihiKja,  No.  10!). 

This  stands  as  /•'.  amtmnnis  in  the  orig.  ed.     It  is  well  to  stretch  a  point  in  favor  of 
Tunstall,  1770,  to  be  able  to  restore  this  well-known  name. 

504.  F.  p.  peal'-I-i  [in  three  syllables].     To  Titian  K.  Pcalo,  of  United  States  Exploring  Expe- 

dition fame.    Of  dotibtful  standing. 

505.  F.  c61-um-ba'-rl-\5s.     Post-classic  Lat.  rohtmharius,  pertaining  to  a  pigeon,  columba ;  or,  a 

liigeon-faneier,  as  this  spirited  little  falcon  is. 

506.  F.  c.  suck'-ley-i.     To  George  Suckley,  known  in  ornithology  for  his  researches  in  Oregon 

and  Wasliington  Territories.  The  first  syllable  is  long,  and  pronounced  with  the  full 
Latin  force  of  u,  like  oo  in  moon.     A  very  dubious  bird. 


I! 


■■/  I 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


87 


507.  Falco  columbarius  richardsoni  Ridg.    B  — .  c  345.  R  4i8. 

Richardson's  Pigeon  Hawk. 

508.  Falco  sparverius  L.    b  13.  c  340.  r  420. 

Sparrow  Hawk. 

509.  Falco  sparverius  isabellinus  (Sw.)  Ridg.    n  — .  c  34Ga.  r  420a. 

Isabel  Sparrow  Hawk. 

510.  Falco  sparverioides  Vig.    n  — .  c  — .  r  421.  (!w.  i.) 

Cuban  Sparrow  Hawk. 

511.  Falco  fusciccerulescens  V.    b  9.  c  347.  r  419. 

Femoral  Falcon. 

512.  Buteo  unicinctus  harrisi  (Aud.)  Ridg.     B  4G.  c  348.  R  434. 

Harris's  Buzzard  Hawk. 

513.  Buteo  albocaudatus  V.    b — .  c — .  R441. 

White-tailed  Buzzard  Hawk. 


'pon 
full 


507.  F.  e.  rlch'-ard-sfin-i.  To  Sir  .Tolin  IJichnrdson,  tlio  spoeips  having  been  clcstTibod  and 
figiiri'd  in  tlie  Fauna  Borcali-Aniericana. 

608.  F.  spar-vfi'-rl-Qs.  —  Post-classic  Latin,  nicaning,  relating  to  a  sparrow,  as  (•nhtmhnriiin  front 
nlumlid.  Tlicro  is  a  quasi-Latin  word  sjmrciiis,  from  wliicli  spaiTeriiis  is  directly  formed. 
The  word  spanow  in  some  of  its  forms  doubtless  antedates  any  corri'sponding  word  in 
the  South  ICuropean  languages.  We  Iiavc  not  traced  the  Latin  spaimus  or  sfurvefius 
back  of  Ciesner,  louo.     See  Passer,  No.  102. 

609  F.  s.  I-s5-bel-ir-nQs.  The  Lady  Isabel,  having  confidence  in  her  husband's  prowess, 
vowed  not  to  change  her  chemise  until  that  warrior  had  t.iken  a  certain  town,  lie  was 
longer  about  it  than  she  expected,  and  slio  wore  the  garment  until  it  assumed  a  peculiar 
brown  tint :  hence  the  term  "  isabel-color  "  ;  wlience  quasi-Latin  isahclliiuis. 

610.  F.  spar-v6-rl-fi-i'-des.    Tiiis  is  an  aggravated  case  of  bastardy.    Anglo-Saxon  and  Gothic 

spiiririi  or  spiirru,  Latinized  as  spdviiis,  a  sparrow,  whence  sparrcriiis,  a  sparrower,  so  to 
sjieak,  or  sparrow-catcher,  as  this  hawk  is;  with  the  Gr.  cZSoj,  to  denote  tlic  resemblance 
of  the  West  Indian  to  the  North  American  bird. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List.  Lately  said  to  have  occurred  in  Florida. 
See  Ridg.,  I'r.  Nat.  Mus.,  iii,  1880,  p.  220. 

611.  F.  fus-cl-coe-rul-es'-cens.     Lat.  fiisms,  dusky,  and  C(rn(^esrri!.s,  growing  blue;  i'.  e.,  being 

bluish:  rwnileus,  blue.     This  was  virhU'n  fitscorrrnilescciis  by  Vieillot,  but  the  above  is 
preferable.     "  Femoral  "  relates  to  the  color  of  the  thigli ;  fimm,  the  thigli-bonc. 
This  is  F.fe  moral  is  of  the  orig.  ed.     See  Sharpe,  Cat.  Accip.  Br.  Atus.,  i.  p.  400. 

512.  Bu'-te-o  ij-nl-cinc'-tijs  h5r'-rls-l.  Lat.  hnlrn,  a  buzzard-hawk;  of  doubtful  etymology; 
the  word  occurs  in  I'liny.  —  Lat.  uni,  once,  and  rimiiis,  girded  ;  utais,  one,  and  nin/n,  I 
gird,  bind  about;  willi  reference  to  the  single  zone  of  wliite  color  on  the  tail.  —  To 
Edward  Harris,  of  Philadelphia. 

613.  B.  al-b(5-caQd-a'-tus.  —  Lat.  oWik.',  white,  w/f/a^'.'?,  tailed  ;  raurin,  iaW.  The  latter  part  of 
the  word  being  a  participial  adjective  of  a  supposed  verb  nimlo,  permits  aHiiis  to  be  in  the 
"ablative  of  instrument,"  "white"  being  that  wherewith  tie  bird  is  "tailed."  In 
another  form,  it  would  be  alhicandn,  like  alliirilla  for  instance,     bee  No  42. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  since  discovered  in  Texas  both  by  G.  B.  Semiett  and  .1.  C. 
Merrill.  See  Cones,  The  Country,  July  13,  ls78,  p.  184;  aud  Uidg.,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  i, 
Oct,  2,  1378,  p.  1S4. 


Ij  '''1 


88 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEBIC  AN  BIRDS. 


614. 
615. 
616. 
517. 
618. 
610. 
620. 
621. 
622. 
623. 


Buteo  cooperi  Cass,    b  29.  c  349.  r  437.  (?) 

Cooper's  Buzzard  Hawk. 

Buteo  harlani  (Aud.)  Bp.    b  22.  c  350.  r  438. 

Harlan's  Buzzard  Hawk. 

Buteo  borealis  (Gm.)  V.    b  23.  c  351.  u  436. 
Red-tailed  Buzzard  Hawk;  Hen  Hawk. 

Buteo  borealis  calurus  (Cass.)  Ritlj 
Western  Red-tailed  Buzzard  Hawk. 


B  20,  24.  C  351a.  R  4366. 


Buteo  borealis  lucasanus  Ridg.    b  — .  c  3516.  r  4noc. 

St,  Lucas  Buzzard  Hawk. 


Buteo  borealis  krideri  IIoopcs.    b 

Krider's  Buzzard  Hawk. 


C  351c.  R  43Ca.  (?) 


Buteo  lineatus  (Gm.)  Jard.    b  25.  c  352.  r  439. 

Red-sliouldered  Buzzard  Hawk. 

Buteo  lineatus  elegans  (Cass.)  Ridg.    B  20.  c  352a.  R  439a. 

Western  Red-sliouldered  Buzzard  Hawk. 

Buteo  abbreviatus  Cab.    b  — .  c  353.  r  440. 

Band-tailed  Hawk. 

Buteo  swainsoni  Bp.    b  is,  19,  21,  28.  c  354.  R  442. 
Swainson's  Buzzard  Hawk. 


614.    B.  co5p'-er-I.     To  Dr.  James  G.  Cooper,  of  California,  well  known  for  his  studies  of  the 
birds  of  that  country.     Doubtful  species :  only  one  specimen  known. 

515.  B.  harMan-i.    To  Dr.  Richard  Ilarlan,  of  Philadelphia,  author  of  Medical  and  Physical 

Researches,  Fauna  Americana,  etc. 

516.  B.  b6r-6-a'-lIs.    Lat.  iorcaZ/s,  northern;  ioreas,  the  north  wind. 

517.  B.  b.  c51-u'-rQs.    Gr.  KoArfs,  beautiful,  and  oSpo,  tail. 

518.  B.  b.  Iu-c5s-a'-nfis.    Named  after  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Lower  California. 

519.  B.  b.  kri'-dSr-i.    To  John  Krider,  the  veteran  ta.xidermist  of  Philadelphia.    Dubious. 

520.  B.  li-nfi-a'-tQs.    Lat./niw^fs,  lineated,  limned,  fronW/n/o; //jiea,  a  line.    In  reference  to  the 

streaking  of  the  plumage. 

521.  B.  1.  e'-l6-gans.    Lat.  c/c,7ans,  elegant,  because  select,  chosen :   c  and  AV/o,  I  pick  out. 

522.  B.  ab-brSv-l-a'-ttis.     Lat.  oW^rccmiK.s,  shortened ;  at  aud  ^ocfw,  I  abridge,  contract ;  hrevis, 

short ;  Gr.  fipaxvs-     Applicability  unknown  to  us. 

Tills  stands  as  D.  zonocercus  in  the  orig.  ed.     See  Ridg.,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  iii,  1880,  p.  220. 

623.    B.  swain'-s6n-i.    To  William  Swainson,  Ksq.,  the  celebrated  English  naturalist. 

Mr.  Sharpe  has  lately  called  this  B.  oUsohtus  (Gm.),  but  very  erroneously,  Gmelin's 
bird  of  that  name  being  a  Gyrfalcon.  —  B.  insiipuitus  of  Cassiii  is  simply  a  melanism. 
—  D.  hairdi  of  Cassin  is  the  young.  —  This  bird  is  the  nearest  form  we  have  to  tiie  Euro- 
pean B.  viihjaris,  which  latter  has  been  attributed  to  Michigan  :  see  Maynard,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Club,  i.  No.  1,  1876,  pp.  2-6. 

The  meaning  of  the  word  "buzzard  "  is  unknown  to  us.  It  runs  through  several 
languages,  as  huzhard,  huzard,  hnsard,  huse.  Some  think  it  onomatopoeic,  related  to 
buzz ;  that  seems  doubtful ;  more  likely  related  to  the  Latin  buteo.  Butes  is  a  Latin 
proper  name,  but  of  no  obvious  connection. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEBIC  AN  BIRDS. 


89 


524.  Buteo  pennsylvanicus  (Wils.)  Bp.    B  27.  c  365.  R  443. 

nroad-winffcd  Buzzard  Iliiwk.  [See  Aililonda,  Nos.  882,  883. 

525.  Archibuteo  lagopus  sancti-johannis  (Gm.)  Ridg.    B30, 31.  C36C.  R447. 

American  Rough-logged  Buzzard. 

526.  Archibuteo  ferruginous  (Licht.)  Or.    B  32.  c  3C7.  u  448. 

Fcmiginoous  Rougli-leggcd  Buzzard. 

527.  Asturina  plagata  Schl.    B  33.  c  358.  u  445. 

Gray  Hawk. 

538.   Urubitinga  anthracina  (Licht.)  Lafr.    B  — .  c  — .  R  444. 

Anthracite  Hawk. 

529.  Onychotes  gruberi  Ridg.    b  — .  c  359.  r  440. 

Gruber's  Hawk. 

530.  Pandion  haliaetus  (L.)  Sav.    B  44.  c  3G0.  R  42.'S. 

Fish  Hawk ;  Osprcy. 

531.  Thrasyaetus  harpyia  (L.)  Gr.    b  — .  c  — .  R  450.  (!  M.) 

Harpy  Eagle. 


\\ 


the 


524.    B.  penn-syl-van'-I-cQs.     Sec  Ikmhrcca,  No.  124. 

625.  Arch-I-bu'-te-o  lag-5'-pus  sanc-tl-jd-han'-nls.  Lat.  archi-,  equivalent  to  Gr.  dtpx"'?.  i 
leader,  a  cliief ;  Spx">  I  r\\\o,  I  am  first ;  the  word  simply  moans  "  arch-huzzard,"  like 
an-lililsliup,  arr/ii'ti/pc.  iircliltcrt,  &c.  —  I.at.  laijopus,  (Jr.  Kaywirous,  liare-footed,  from  Aayws,  a 
hare,  and  ttoCi,  a  foot :  in  allusion  to  the  feathering  of  the  tarsi.  The  penult  here  remains 
long  in  Latin  as  it  is  in  Greek  ;  but  words  in  -opm,  where  the  o  is  simply  a  conne<^ting 
vowel,  shorten  the  penult.  —  Lat.  sandi-juhannis,  of  Saint  John,  alluding  to  the  place  in 
Newfoundland  so  called. 

526.    A.  fer-ru-gtn'-e-us.     See  Scnlecoplim/iis,  No.  S31. 

627.  As-tijr-i'-na  pla-ga'-tS.    Asiwiim  is  simply  formed  from  Lat.  astur,  which  see,  No.  400, 

without  any  difference  of  meaning.  —  Lat.  phirjdla,  striped,  from  plaijo,  I  strike ;  jildi/a,  a 
blow,  stroke,  stripe  ;  Gr.  ttAtj^^,  a  blow,  wound,  from  tiKiiaao)  or  irKriTTu.  I  strike.  Com- 
moldy  written  phujiata,  for  whicii  wo  see  no  good  reason. 

628.  U-ru-bI-tin'-g5  an-thra-ci'-nS.     Umhitinija  is  a  barbarous  word,  of  some  South  American 

dialect ;  tiruhn  means  a  vulture;  we  do  not  know  what  the  rest  of  the  word  is,  nor  the 
quantity  of  the  first  two  vowels  ;  we  hear  them  long  and  leave  thorn  so.  —  Lat.  aiitliia- 
ciiius,  Gr.  a.y0pd.Ktyos,  carbimcular  ;  6.v0pa^,  genitive  HudpaKos,  a  carbuncle  ;  also  a  live  coal, 
a  coal.  The  application  in  the  present  case  is  not  to  a  glowing  coal,  like  a  carbuncle, 
but  to  a  dead  coal,  coal-black ;  the  glossy  black  of  anthracite  coal,  as  the  bird  is. 

529.  0-nych'-6-tes  gru'-b6r-i.     (Jr.  Sw^,  genitive  uyvxos,  a  claw;   the  rest  of  the  word  is  the 

regular  sufFix  ttjj,  -te.'i,  making  the  whole  signify  "  the  clawed  one."  Notice  the  accent. 
—  To  1".  Gruber,  a  taxidermist  of  San  Francisco. 

This  bird  is  questionably  North  American;  but  distinct  from  any  Hawk  in  this  list. 

530.  Pan-di'-on  h51-T-a-e'-tQs.     Lat.  rainliun,  Gr.  Uavhluv,  was  the  alleged  father  of  Pimpie 

and  I'hilomda  :  see  Coues,  H.  Col.  Vail.,  i,  1878,  p.  ."71.  Observe  (piantity  and  accent  of 
the  pi'nult. — Gr.  oAi,  genitive  oAiir,  .salt,  tlie  sea,  and  dTjTds,  an  eagle;  "sea-eagle." 
See  HtilliiUhis,  No.  53.'5. 

531.  Thr5-sy-a-e'-tus  har-pyl'.5  or  har-py'-I-S  [either  three  or  four  syllables;  in  either  case 

pronounced  hnrpwa'ah].  Gr.  Bpaavs,  bold,  audacious,  and  ttjjTos,  eagle;  see  No.  633. 
Generally  written  Thrasactus,  as  originally  by  Gray  :  but  the  above  is  preferable  ;  com- 
pare Thnisijus,   Tlirasijbulus,  Thrasymachus,  &.C.,  all  retaining  the  ,i/  (u).  —  Tiie' Apiruiai, 


if  r" 


90 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOHTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


f  i'.ii 


I  n 


632.  Aqtiila  chrysaetus  (L.)  Cuv.      B  39.  r  aoi.  R  449. 

Golden  Hafflo. 

533.  Haliaetus  albicilla  (L.)  Lofidi.    n  42.  c  — .  u  452.  (o.) 

Wliite-talled  Kagle;  Sea  li^aKle. 

534.  Haliaetus  leucocephalus  (L.)  S.ivig.     u  41,  4,3.  c  302.  11 451. 

Wliitc-lieaded   Eagle ;  Itald   Kaglo. 

635.  Polyljorus  cheriway  (Jacq.)  Cab.     0  45.  c  3fi3.  R  423. 

Caracara  Kagle. 

Jl/irptjid  or  Iliirpics  wcro  fabulous  monstors,  ouiliodying  tlic  idea  of  female  rapacilj'  as 
birds  of  prey,  with  croul<i'il  taioiis  aud  licali  (apirr;). 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  tliu  t'licck  List  ;  latily  aseertaiiu'd  to  occur  in  Texas.  See 
Oswald,  Am.  Nat.,  187H,  p.  151 ;  and  Ridg.,  I'r.  Nat.  Mus.,  iii,  18W(),  j).  L"J1. 

53S.  A'-quH-S  chrys-a-E'-tus.  Lat.  ar/uila,  an  eagle.  Tlio  etymology  is  disputed.  It  is  given 
by  some,  without  qualKication,  as  from  (ir.  wkvs,  I-at.  acer,  ucior,  sharp,  swift,  from  Jnr 
or  y/Vii-.  Some  say  from  ikiuHiis,  dark,  swarthy  ;  otiiers,  as  related  to  nr/iii/<>,  the  north 
wind  ;  others  from  Gr.  ayKvKos,  crooked,  hooked,  as  the  bird's  beak  is:  this  would  corre- 
spond to  the  derivation  of  uri/ps,  ypvij/,  a  grillin,  from  ypvirSs,  bent,  hooknosed.  It  is 
conjectured,  also,  from  oy/cuArj,  the  curve  of  the  limb,  or  the  curved  limb,  with  wliicdi  the 
bird,  as  Jove's  lightning-bearer,  grasped  the  thunder-l)olts.  S(une  allied  forms  of  the 
word,  in  which  7  appears  instead  of  the  7,  as  iti/iiila,  <ii;/lr,  cwjlr,  favor  the  supposition 
that  the  name  has  somethiiig  to  do  with  the  great  wings  of  the  bird. — Cr.  xpucai'Tor  or 
Xpwi'f'ros,  golden  eagle  ;  xP"<f^'<  golden,  dtrtis,  eagle.     See  Jhtlkietiis,  No.  5;J3. 

633.  H51-I-a-e'-tiis  al-bl-cil'-lS.     Gr.  SAj,  genitive  oA(<s,  salt ;  the  (salt)  sea  ;  and  aero's  or  aTjTtJi 

or  a'lfTos,  nn  eagle;  there  is  also  the  actual  Greek  aAidfras  or  aAiaifros,  for  the  "sea- 
eagle,"  that  is,  the  osprey.  There  is  also  the  actual  Latin  transliteration  "  halla-etos," 
for  the  same  bird.  So  many  vowels  coming  together,  with  such  variation  in  the  original 
Greek,  has  kept  the  orthography  incessantly  Huctiuiting.  Savigny,  who  was  a  classical 
scholar,  as  well  as  an  ornithologist,  originally  spelled  the  genus  he  founded  llallavim. 
This  is  perfectly  correct,  in  fact,  the  poetic  form,  as  transliterated  from  aKiaUrot,  with 
only  the  usual  and  proper  change  of  Greek  at  into  Latin  a;.  Many  purists  keep  to  this 
Bpelling,  which  is  perfectly  defensible,  and  has  the  advantage  of  being  that  used  by  the 
founder  of  the  genus.  But,  as  Ilaldeman  remarks,  however  desirable  llidta&ns  may  be 
in  poetical  writing,  it  is  more  consonant  with  a  strict  scientific  spirit  to  simplify  the 
word  into  Ilalinvtus,  deriving  it  in  this  case  from  oerdj  or  otjto'i.  We  accept  and  adopt  this 
form  upon  such  understaiuling.  Having  settled  this,  tlic  next  question  arises  respecting 
the  quantity  of  the  vowels,  and  accentuation  of  the  syllables.  If  derived  from  afrdj, 
the  word  would  be  Iliiha'vliiK  ;  if  from  otjto's,  it  would  be  IJalidi'liis.  We  prefer  the  latter. 
In  any  event,  the  form  "Haliaetus,"  in  four  syllables,  is  inadnnssible:  the  word  must 
have  at  least  five  syllables.  But  ornithologists  maj-  be  forgiven  for  anything  in  this 
case,  seeing  that  the  grammarians  have  disputed  it  for  some  centuries.  —  Lut.  alliirilUi, 
white-tailed.     See  Molnrilla,  No.  80. 

This  species,  though  frequently  attributed  to  North  America,  has  of  late  years  been 
dropped.  It  is  now  restored,  on  the  strength  of  its  occurrence  in  Greenland,  though  not 
elsewhere  in  North  America  that  we  know  of.     Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List. 

634.  H.  leu-c8-c6ph'-a-lQs.     Gr.  \evK6s,  white,  and  Kcipakii,  head. 

635.  P6l-y'-bfir-iSs  cheriway.    Gr.  iroKv&Spos,  eating  a  great  deal,  very  voracious. —  Cheriway 

and  Caracara  are  both  barbarous  words,  the  meaning  of  which  we  know  not :  from  some 
South  American  dialect. 

This  stands  in  the  orig.  ed.  as  P.  (harus  var.  auduboni. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


91 


636.  Pseudogryphus  califomianus  (Slmw)  Kidg-.     «  2.  c  364.  u  453. 

Californiaii  Vulture. 

537.   Cathartes  aura  (L.)  111.    B  1.  c  305.  u  404. 

Turkey  Duzzurd. 

533.   Catharista  atrata  (IJartr.)  Loss,    b  3,  c  3C6.  R  456. 

C'urrluii  Crow. 

539.  Columba  fasciata  Say.     B  445.  c.  .'!C".  11450. 

liiind-tiiiloil  Piju;oon. 

540.  Columba  erythrina  Licht.     B  44c.  c  308.  R  457. 

Rod-billRcl  PiRoon. 

541.  Columba  leucocephala  L.     B  447.  0  309.  R  458. 

Wliite-crowncd  Pigeon. 

542.  Engyptila  albifrons  (Bp.)  Cones.    B  — .  c  — .  R  463. 

Whitc-frontod  Pigeon. 


536.  Pseu-dO-gry'-phQs  cal-l-f5r-nl-a'-nfls.    fir.  ifeCSoi.  false,  from  <^(6t(D,  I  deceive,  and  Lat. 

</ri//ihi(s,  for  i/>\i/i>s,  gi'uitivi'  (jri/i>lii's,  ii  griftin,  a  fabulous  liinl ;  I'loiii  (Jr.  ypiKp,  the  saiiic, 
from  ypvTToi,  lu'iit,  iiook-iiosed.  The  word  is  hadly  fornioil  in  two  laiijiuam's  :  iiad  better 
liave  been  J'nciuloi/njiis.  Grijjihiiii  is  a  name  early  traiisferrid  by  orniihoh)},'ists  from  h» 
fabulous  prototyije  to  tiie  eond.ir  of  the  Andes ;  and  Mr.  Ridgway  made  J'seudnyrij/ihus 
from  the  reseniblanee  of  the  Californian  vulture  to  tlio  latter. 

Tins  stands  as  Cathartes  cut.  in  the  orig.  ed.  See  Hidg.,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  v,  1880, 
p.  70. 

537.  Cath-ar'-tes  au'-r5  [ow-rali,  not  or-ahl.     Or.  KaOaprris,  a  purifier,  from  KaBalpu,  I  cleanse, 

purify,  pm'ije ;  from  the  good  olHces  of  the  binl  as  a  scavenger  in  warm  countries. — 
Aura  is  a  name  applied  to  this  bird  by  the  olilest  writers  who  speak  of  it,  and,  in  all  its 
various  forms,  as  rendered  by  l)e  Laet  and  others  who  treat  of  tropical  American 
Callidrtidir,  it  is  of  South  American  or  Me.\icau  origin,  and  apparently  related  to 
uruliu  or  oiinilni.  It  early  crystalli;;ed  in  its  present  orthography,  and  was  soon  Latinized, 
or  at  least  declined  as  a  Latin  word;  as,  lur  (inruriim,  or  rcjina  aurarum  (genitive  [)lural), 
"king  of  the  vultures."  That  it  has  any  connection  with  Lat.  aura,  Gr.  oiJpa,  air, 
atmosphere,  may  well  be  doubted. 

538.  Cath-ar-is'-ta  a-tra'-t5.     Badly  framed  from  Kadapi^ai,  only  another  form  of  Kadaipw,  of 

same  meaning;  see  No.  5:37.  —  Lat.  r(/;((^(,  ])artieipial  adjective,  blackened ;  (i/tr,  black. 
This  stands  as  Catlmrtes  alratus  in  the  orig.  ed.     See  Ridg.,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  v,  1880, 
p.  80. 

539.  C61-um'-ba  fas-cl-a'-ta.      Lat.  columba,  a  pigeon;   etymology  unknown.  —  See   Chaiuwa, 

540.  C.  6-ryth-ri'-na.     Lat.  erythrina.  Or.  fpvGpiiios,  reddish;  from  epvOp6s,  red. 

Tliis  is  C.  Jlarirostris  of  the  orig.  ed.  As  the  liill  is  not  at  all  yellow,  another  name  is 
desirable.     See  Uidg.,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  ii,  1880,  p.  0. 

541.  C.  Ieij-c6-c6ph'-a-15.     Gr.  AcukcJs.  white,  and /c6(>)aA»^  head. 

542.  En-gyp'-tl-ia  al'-bl-fr5ns.    Gr.  iyy^s,  narrow,  slender,  contracted,  and  ttAi'Aoi',  a  feather; 

from  the  attenuated  outer  primaries.  —  Lat.  ulhus,  white ;  frms,  foreliead. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  since  discovered  in  Te.xas  by  G.  B.  Sennett.  See  Coues,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  1878,  p.  48,  and  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  v,  1880,  p.  100;  Ridg.,  I'r. 
Kat.  Mus  ,  i,  1878,  p.  158. 


f! 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


^ 


/} 


^ 


/a 


% 


% 


v: 


/A 


'W 


'/ 


1.0 


9f 


I.I 


1.25 


M 

IM 

1-4    IIIIII.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y    14580 

(716)  872-4503 


^ 


<\ 


fc 


im 


92 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


543.  Ectopistes  migratorius  (L.)  Sw.    b  44s.  c  370.  r  4S9. 

Wild  Pigeon;  Passenger  Pigeon. 

544.  Zenaidura  carolinensis  (L.)  Bp.    b  461.  c  371.  r  460. 

Carolina  Dove. 

545.  Zenaida  amabilis  Bp.    b  449.  c  372.  r  4C2. 

Zenaida  Dove. 

546.  Melopelia  leucoptera  (L.)  Bp.    b  450.  c  373.  r  4G4. 

White-winged  Dove. 

547.  Chamaepelia  passerina  (L.)  Sw.    b  453.  c  374.  r  46s. 

Ground  Dove. 

548.  Chamaepelia  passerina  pallescens  (Bd.)  Coues.    b — .  c  374a.  r — .  (?) 

St.  Lucas  Ground  Dove. 

549.  Scardafella  inca  (Less.)  Bp.    b  462.  c  37s.  r  466. 

Scaled  Dove. 

550.  Geotrygon  martinica  (Gm.)  Reich,    b  454.  c  376.  r  467. 

Key  West  Pigeon. 


'  i     '8 

'■I 

.'r 


643.  Ec-ta-pis'-tSs  mi-gr5-t8'-rT-Qs.  Gr.  ^(croimrT^i,  a  wanderer,  passenger;  iKToirt(iu,  I 
wander,  cliangc  place ;  from  iK,  out  of,  and  tJitoi,  place ;  ''  out  of  place."  —  Lat 
miijratorius,  of  same  meaning ;  miyro,  I  migrate. 

544..  Z6n-S-i-du'-r5  ca-rO-lIn-Sn'-sIs.  We  think  zenaida  is  a  barbarous  word.  Its  meaning  wo 
do  not  know.  See  Phouipara,  No.  297,  and  compare  zena  tliere  given.  The  rest  of  the 
word  is  formed  by  adding  the  Greek  ovpd.  Bonaparte  originally  wrote  zemiidura,  which 
has  usually,  of  late,  following  Dr.  Coues'  load,  been  turned  to  zcniedura ;  but  if  the 
word  is  not  classic,  there  is  no  occasion  for  the  modification. 

545.  Z6n-S-i'-da  im-a'-bll-Is.  Zenaida,  a  proper  name,  perhaps  Spanish ;  meaning  unknown 
to  us  :  see  No.  544.  —  Lat.  amabilis,  lovable,  lovely ;  amo,  I  love. 

540.  MCl-6-p6l-i'-5  leu-c5p'-ter-5.  Gr.  ^<Aos,  melody,  and  irtKeta,  a  UoVv  Name  derived 
from  irfKKos,  the  peculiar  dark  slaty-blue  color,  so  characteristic  of  pigeons ;  we  say 
to-day  in  sporting  parlance  "  blue-rocks  "  for  the  ordinary  domestic  pigeon.  The  word, 
like  many  others  ending  in  -pelia,  is  often  wrong-written  -jxleia.  Observe  that  the  Greek 
(I  becomes  long  i  in  Latin,  giving  us  -pelia,  accented  on  the  penult.  —  Gr.  \tvK6s,  white, 
and  wTtpSv,  a  wing. 
Chim-aS-pel-i'-S  p3s-s8r-i'-n5.  Gr.  xo^"'.  ""  adverb,  on  the  ground,  and  Tt'A»»o,  a  dove. 
See  No.  540.  See  Chamcra,  No.  39.  This  word  is  spellod  about  a  dozen  different 
ways,  by  writers  or  printers  who  are  careless  or  ignorant.  —  Lat.  passerina,  sparrow-like, 
in  allusion  to  the  diminutive  size:  passer,  a  sparrow.  See  No.  102. 
C.  p.  p5l-l5s'-c5ns.     See  Mitrcphorus,  No.  392.    Scarcely  distinguishable  from  No.  547. 

Scar-d5-fel'-15  in'-c5.  Scardafella  is  an  Italian  word,  thus  accounted  for  by  Bonaparte, 
who  founded  the  genus,  in  his  "  Coup  d'(Eil  sur  I'Ordro  dos  I'igeons  "  (p.  4;J  of  the 
separate  copies)  :  "  uno  o-xprossion  du  Dante  m'a  inspire  le  noni  do  scardafella,  qui  point 
I'apparence  ecailleuso  de  notre  troiziemo  genre."  The  "  scaly  appearance  "  is  due  to  the 
coloration,  not  the  texture,  of  the  feathers.  —  Inca  is  a  barbarous  word ;  the  incas  or  yncas 
were  Peruvian  chiefs. 

This  is  S.  squamosa  var.  inca  in  the  orig.  cd. ;  later  determined  to  bo  distinct. 
660.    Qe-6-try'-g8n  m5r-tIn'-I-cS.    Gr.  7*0,  the  earth,  the  ground,  and  rpvydv,  a  pigeon ;  from 
rpi^u,  to  coo ;  onomatopoeic,  like  lurtiir.     There  seems  to  be  reason  for  koo])ing  the 
penult  long,  and  accenting  it.  —  Lat.  martinica,  Latinized  adjective  from  Martinique,  one 
of  the  West  Indies. 


547. 


548. 
649. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


n 


551.  Stamcenas  cyanoccphalus  (L.)  Bp.    b  455.  c  377.  R  468. 

Blue-headed  Pigeon. 

552.  Ortalis  vetula  maccalli  (Bd.)    b  4..g.  c  378.  u  4C9. 

Texan  Guau. 

553.  Meleagris  gallipavo  L.    b  458.  c  379.  r  470. 

Domestic  Turlcey ;  Mexican  Turliey. 

554.  Meleagris  gallipavo  americana  (Bartr.)  Coues.    b  457.  C  379a.  r  470a. 

Cktmmon  Wild  Turltey  of  tlie  United  States. 

555.  Canace  canadensis  (L.)  Bp,    b  400.  c  380.  r  472. 

Canada  Grouse  ;  Spruce  Partridge. 

558.  Canace  canadensis  ftanklini  (Doiigl.)  Coucs.    b  4Ci.  c  380a.  r  472a. 

FraniUin's  Spruce  Partridge. 

557.  Canace  obscura  (Say)  Bp.    b  459.  c  38i.  r  471. 

Dusicy  Grouse. 

558.  Canace  obscura  richardsoni  (Dougl.)  Coues.    b  — .  c  38ia.  r  4716. 

Richardson's  Duslty  Grouse. 


'  ?    (probably   Italian ;   Agassiz    gives 


651.    Star-noE'-nSs  cy-5n-8-c6ph'-5-liSs.     From  — 

Slarna  as  a  proper  name),  and  Gr.  oiVoj,  Lat.  lenas,  tlie  vine  :  also,  a  kind  of  pigeon  ;  oenus 
seems  to  liave  been  transferred  to  the  pigeon,  as  ananihe  was  to  some  other  bird ;  see 
Saxlcola,  No.  20.  The  olvds  of  Aristotle  is  Cdamba  livia  L. — Gr.  K\jaLv6%,  ci/anus,  blue, 
and  Kc0aA^,  head. 

653.  Or'-tai-Is  vCt'-ii-ia  m5c  cai'-li.  Gr.  ofnaKls,  a  pullet,  a  kind  of  quail.  This  word 
was  universally  written  ortitlida,  until  Mr.  Wharton  showed  that  the  way  Merreni, 
writing  Latin,  constructed  the  sentence  in  which  the  word  first  occurs  made  it  the  accu- 
sative case;  arguing  hence  that  Mcrrem  meant  to  found  a  genus  oiinlis,  not  ortalidn. 
See  Ibis,  October,  1870,  p.  450.  The  Hev.  Mr.  Avery's  MS.  in  our  possession  makes 
the  same  correction,  though  without  comment.  —  Lat.  vetula,  a  little  old  woman  ;  derisive 
diminutive  from  vctiis,  old,  veteran ;  digammatcd  from  Gr.  (ros,  a  year.  —  To  General 
George  A.  McCall,  U.  S.  Army. 

653,  M8l-«-ag'-rIs  gal-ll-p5'-v5.  Gr.  fxtKtaypli,  Lat.  meleatjris,  a  gninca-lien  ;  literally,  a  fleld- 
tender,  farmer;  from  fit\(t,  relating  to  the  care  of  a  thing,  and  &ypos.  a  field.  The  word  not 
transferred  from  the  African  A'limidd  to  the  American  Turkey  until  near  the  middle  of 
the  ICth  century,  and  occasionally  confounded  for  many  years  ofler  that.  Milciuier 
or  Vl(Ktayp6i  was  a  my  tiiical  person  who  suffered  a  cruel  fate  :  his  sisters,  the  Mchmjrides, 
who  bitterly  lamented  his  death,  were  clianged  into  guinea-hens  ;  the  profusely-spotted 
plumage  of  which  gives  evidence  of  the  tears  they  shed  for  him.  —  Lat.  iiallipavo,  usually 
written  ijnUoiwvo,  a  very  late  combination  of  i/nllus,  a  cock,  and  /la/o,  a  pea-fowl,  bird  of 
Juno  ;  the  latter  word  from  the  Gr.  raios  or  raus  or  raaii',  a  pea-fowl. 

554.  M.  g.  im-Sr-I-cS'-nS.     Of  America. 

555.  CSn'-Si-cS  ci-n&-dSn'-sIs,     CVindrc,  a  proper  name  ;  she  lived  in  incest  with  her  brother; 

application  not  obvious,  unless  referring  in  a  general  way  to  the  polygamy  of  gallina- 
ceous birds. 

This  and  following  species  are  given  as  Tctrao  in  the  orig.  ed. ;'  but  may  be  properly 
separated  generically  from  Tdnw  unyiallus. 
558.    C,  c.  frink'-lln-i.    To  Sir  John  Franklin,  of  Arctic  fame  and  sorrow, 

557.  C,  Sb-scQ'-rQs.     Lat.  obsciims,  obscure,  i.  e.,  dark-colored. 

558.  C.  o.  rlch'-ard-sfln-I.    To  Sir  John  Kichardson,  often  already  mentioned  'n  this  List, 


■fr 


94 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


\h  .i' 


559.  Canace  obscura  fuliginosa  Ridg.    b  — .  c  3816.  r  47ia. 

Fuliginous  Dnslty  Grouse. 

560.  Centrocercus  urophasianus  (Bp.)  Sw.    b  462.  c  382.  r  479. 

Sage-cock;  Cock-of-tbe«Plaln8. 

561.  Pedioecetes  phasianellus  (L.)  Elliot,    b — .  c  383.  ii  478. 

Northern  Sharp-tailed  Grouse. 

562.  Pedioecetes  phasianellur  columbianus  (Ord)  Coues.  b  403.  c  383a.  R478a> 

Common  Sharp-tailed  Grouse;  Prairie  Hen  of  tlie  Northwest. 

563.  Cupidonia  cupido  (L.)  Bd.    b  464.  c  384.  r  477. 

Pinnated  Grouse;  Prairie  Hen. 

564.  Cupidonia  cupido  pallidicincta  Ridg.    b  — .  c  384a.  r  477a. 

Pale  Pinnated  Grouse. 

666.   Bonasa  umbella  (L.)  Steph.    B  465.  c  385.  R  473, 

Ruffed  Grouse ;  "  Theasant  ^'  in  the  Middle  and  Southern  States. 


659. 
560. 


661. 

562. 
563. 


564. 
665. 


C.  o.  fQ-li-gIn-6'-s5.  Lat.,  post-classic, /u/Z'/wosa,  of  a  dark  sooty  color;  fd'ujo,  soot; 
fiilica,  or  fidix,  a  coot ;  so  called  from  its  color. 

CSn-trfl-cer'-ciSs  u-r6-pha-sl-a'-nfls.  Gr.  Kturpov,  a  spine,  and  KtpKos,  tail;  "  sliarp- 
tailfd."  —  Gr.  oipa,  tail,  and  <pcurtav6s,  Lat.  phasianus,  Fr./aisan,  Engl,  pheasant,  pertainiiij; 
to  the  river  I'hasis  in  Colchis.  Tiie  scientific  name  of  the  English  pheasant  is  rhasianiiii 
colrhiciis.  The  name  "pheasant"  has  been  ignorantly  transferred  to  various  American 
birds  of  this  family. 

Ped-I-o5'-c6-tes  pha-sI-Sn-El'-lOs.  Gr.  irtSioy,  a  plain  ;  as  we  should  sny,  prairie ;  from 
irfSov,  the  ground;  and  olKerrit,  an  inliabitant ;  sec  Poitcelcs,  No.  2.'52.  The  word  was 
originally  written  Pediocales.  —  Lat.  p/iasiancllus,  diminutive  of  phasianus ;  see  Centro- 
cercus, Xo.  500. 


p.  cOl-um-bl-a'-niSs. 
Lewis  and  Clarke. 


To  the  Columbia  river,  whence  the  birds  were  brought  by 


CiS-pi-d6'-nI-5  cfl-pi'-d8.  The  bird  was  named  by  Linnaeus  Tetrao  cupido,  after  the  "  blind 
l)t)w-boy,"  son  of  Venus,  not  with  any  allusion  to  erotic  con(;orns,  but  because  the  little 
wings  on  the  bird's  neck  were  likened  to  "Cupid's  wings."  The  same  idea  is  repeated 
in  the  English  "  pinnate<l  "  grouse.  Professor  Ueichenbach  formed  his  genus  Cupidonia 
by  merely  adding  a  suffl.x.  If  he  had  written  cupidinni,  he  would  have  had  a  classic 
word,  directly  formed,  like  cupidus,  from  cupido,  exactly  expressing  the  sense  intended 
by  Linnajus  to  be  conveyed.  —  The  Latin  tetrao,  from  the  Gr.  rtrpiuv,  and  tilrix,  from 
the  Gr.  rcrpit,  were  certain  gallinaceous  birds,  so  called  from  their  wont  to  cackle, 
TtrpA^fiv  ■■  all  onomatopoeic. 

C.  c.  pal-ll-dl-cinc'-t5.  Lat.  pnllidus,  pallid,  pale ;  and  ductus,  begirt,  encircled ;  cinjo, 
I  bind. 

Bfin-a'-sS  um-bSl'-liSs.  Gr.  fi6va.aot.  Lnt.  honasus,  a  wild  bull.  The  allusion  her^  is  to  the 
"drumming"  noise  made  by  the  bird,  likened  to  the  bellowing  of  a  bull ;  see  Biil>i>, 
No.  402,  and  Bolaurua,  No.  000.  Also  written  Donasia.  —  Lat.  umhelius,  or  umbella,  an 
umbel,  umbrella;  from  umbra,  shade,  shadow,  whence  penumbra,  umbrageous,  &c.  The 
allusion  is  to  the  tuft  of  feathers  on  the  side  of  the  neck,  as  in  the  case  of  cu/iido,  which 
see.  No.  503.  Linnajus  wrote  Tetrno  umlieliux,  masculine;  but  we  see  no  reason  whj 
umbella,  the  noun  feminine,  should  not  be  used  with  Bunasa ;  it  is  equally  good  Latin. 
The  adjective  umbellata  would  be  preferable  to  either. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


95 


566.  Bonasa  umbella  uxnbello'ides  (Dougl.)  Bd.    b  405*.  c  sssa.  r  473a. 

Gray  Ruffed  Grouse. 

667.  Bonasa  umbella  sabinii  (Dougl.)  Coues.    b  406.  c  3856.  i;  4736. 

Oregon  Ruffed  Grouse. 

668.  Lagopus  albus  (Gm.)  Aud.    B  4C7,  470  ?.  c  386.  R  474. 

Willow  Ptarmigan. 

669.  Lagopus  rupestris  (Gm.)  Leach,    b  468.  c  387.  R  475. 

Rock  Ptarmigan. 

570.    Lagopus  leUCUrUS  Sw.      B  469.  C  388.  R  476. 
White-tailed  Ptarmigan. 

671.  Ortyx  virginiana  (L.)  Bp.    B471.  c  389.  R480. 

Virginia  Partridge;  Quail;  Bob-white. 

672.  Ortyx  virginiana  floridana  Coues.    b  — .  c  389a.  R  480a. 

Florida  Partridge. 

673.  Ortyx  virginiana  texana  (Lawr.)  Coues.    b  472.  c  3896.  r  4806. 

Texas  Partridge. 

674.  Orortyx  picta  (Dougl.)  Bd.    B  473.  c  3oo.  R  481. 

Plumed  Partridge ;  California  Mountain  Quail. 

676.  Lophortyx  californica  (Shaw)  Bp.    b  474.  c  391.  r  482. 
Crested  Partridge;  California  Valley  Quail. 

676.  Lophortyx  gambeli  Nutt.    B  475.  c  392.  R  483. 

Gambel's  Crested  Partridge;  Arizona  Quail. 

677.  Callipepla  squamata  (Vig.)  Gr.    b  476.  c  393.  r  484. 

Scaled  Blue  Partridge. 


VI'JO, 


an 
The 
rliich 
whj 


566. 
567. 
568. 

589. 
570. 
571. 


572. 
573. 
574. 

575. 
576. 
577. 


B.  u.  Qm-b61-ia-i'-des.    Lat.  umbellus,  which  see,  next  above,  and  tlSot. 

B.  u.  sa-bi'-nl-i.    To  J.  Siibine. 

L5g-5'-piSs  al'-bQs.  Gr.  Ao>(4iroi;j,  Lat. /(I(7o/)im,  hare-foot ;  Xa-ycvs,  a  hare,  and  iroDs,  foot. — 
Lat.  iillms,  wliite.     For  the  length  of  the  accented  penult,  see  ArchUmteo,  No.  525. 

L.  rO-pes'-trls.     Late  Lat.  rupestris,  pertaining  to,  or  inliabiting,  rocks;  rtijies,  a  rock. 

L.  leu-cu'-riSs.    Gr.  Ktuno^,  white,  oJpo,  tail. 

Or'-tyx  vir-gln-l-a'-n5.  Gr.  Sprv^,  a  quail;  related  to  ipraXls;  both  are  akin  to  Spi/is,  a 
bird.  The  word  is  masculine  in  Greek,  but  in  transliteration  into  Latin  becomes 
feminine,  like  other  nouns  of  same  termination.  —  The  Knglish  word  partridge,  Scot. 
patrick;  Fr.  perdrix.  Span,  prrdiz,  Ital.  perdice,  Lat.  perdix,  Gr.  irtpSi{,  are  all  the  same. 

O.  V.  fl5-rl-da'-n5.    To  Florida. 

O.  V.  tgx-a'-n5.    To  Texas. 

0r-6r-tyx  pic'-ta.     Gr.  upos,  a  mountain,  and  6pTv^;  see  Oroscoptrs,  No.  14.  —  Lat. pictns, 

painted,  de]>icted  ;  pim/o.  I  paint ;  in  allusion  to  the  beautiful  colors. 
L6ph-8r'-tyx  cii-T-f5r'-nI-c&.    Gr.  \6<pos,  a  crest,  helmet,  and  opruf. 
L.  g5m'-b«l-i.     To  William  Gambol,  of  Philadelphia.    See  Zonotrichia,  No.  278. 

Cai-ll-p5p'-15  squS-m3'-tS.  Gr.  KaK6%,  feminine  KaKK^h,  and  WirAot,  a  certain  robe  of 
Btatc;  KoAAiirfirAoi,  beautifully  robed,  as  this  quail  is.  —  Lat.  sqiiaiimtn,  squamous,  scaled, 
covered  with  scales,  the  peculiar  colors  presenting  such  an  appearance;  squama,  a  scale- 


4't 


f; 


96 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


\.t 


t 

ill 

Kimi 

iiiTi' 

!• 

678.  Cyrtonyx  massena  (Less.)  Gould,    b  477.  c  394.  u  488. 

Masaena  Partridge. 

679.  Cotumix  dactylisonans  Meyer,    b  — .  c  — .  R  — . 

Migratory  Quail  (imported). 

680.  Squatarola  helvetica  (L.)  Cuv.    b  510.  c  395.  R  6i3. 

Blaclc-bellled  Plover;  Biill-Iiead. 

681.  Charadrius  dominicus  Miill.    b  sos.  c  390.  R  515. 

American  Golden  Plover. 

682.  Charadrius  dominicus  ftilvus  (Gin.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  R  5i5o.  (!a.) 

Asiatic  Golden  Plover. 

683.  Charadrius  pluvialis  L.    b  — .  c  — .  r  614.  (a.) 

European  Golden  Plover. 

678.  Cyr-t8'-nyx  m3s-se'-nS.    Gr.  Kvprds,  bent,  curved,  crooked,  nnd  Sfv^,  a  claw,  nail ;  related 

to  Lat.  uncus,  a  liook.  —  To  tlie  French  Marshal  Andre  Massena,  I'rincc  d'Essling. 

679.  C5-tQr'-nIx  d3c-tj^l-I'-s6n-Sns.      Lat.    cotumix,    a    quail;    onomatopwic,    a   sono   vocia, 

from  the  sound  of  the  voice,  just  as  wo  have  invented  "  bob-white  "  and  "  whip-poor- 
will." —  Lat.  daclyllsonans,  sounding  a  dactyle.  The  dactyle,  in  poetry,  is  afoot  con- 
sisting of  a  long  and  two  sliort  8yllal>les  ;  from  ScCktuAo;,  t|ie  finger,  wliicli  has  a  long 
and  two  short  joints.     Sono,  I  sound ;  sinwroiis,  &e. 

This  bird,  lately  imported,  has  become  naturalized,  with  the  same  right  to  a  place 
in  the  list  that  Passer  domisticus  has  acquired. 

680.  SquS-tS-r8'-13  h8l-ve'-tl-c5.    Of  squatarola  the  authors  learned  little,  until  a  note  from 

Professor  Newton  supplied  the  desired  information,  in  substance  as  follows :  As  a 
generic  term  it  is  of  course  from  the  Linnxan  Tringa  squatarola,  and  Linnirus  obviously 
got  his  trivial  name  from  Willughby,  who  says  (Ornith.,  ed.  1670,  p.  229),  —  "  Pluviulis 
cinerea.  Squatarola  Venetiis  dicta,  ubi  frequens  est.  The  Gray  IMovcr."  The  word  is  not 
to  be  found  in  the  best  Italian  dictionaries ;  but  Salvadori,  in  his  Fauna  d'  Italia  —  Uccelli, 
seems  to  acknowledge  it  as  a  genuine  word ;  though  probably  it  is  only  local  in  its 
application.  It  may  possibly  have  to  do  with  the  regular  Italian  squartare,  "  to  quarter." 
—  Lat.  hf'lretira,  from  ancient  Ilehetia,  now  Switzerland;  the  bird  is  still  often  called 
"  Swiss  plover."  The  Helvetians  were  probably  so  called  from  their  fairness,  with 
flaxen  or  auburn  hair;  helvus,  helvcolus  (related  Ko gilvus),  meaning  some  such  color. 

681.  Ch5r-5d'-rI-iSs  d6m-In'-I-ciSs.     |CIi-  hard;   second  syllable  long.]     Gr.  xop'f'p'o*!  some 

kind  of  a  bird,  supposed  to  be  a  plover,  and  the  same  as  rprfx'^*" !  from  xapiipa,  the 
watery  places  inhabited  by  such  birds.  As  used  by  Aristotle,  the  word  apparently 
refers  to  Oedicnemus  crepitans. — Lat.  dominicus,  see  Dendraca,  No.  129. 

This  stands  as  C.  fnlviis  var.  vinjinicus  in  the  orig.  ed.,  but  Midler's  name  has 
priority  over  Gmelin's.  See  Ridg.,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  li,  1880,  p.  9;  and  Cassin,  Pr.  Phila. 
Acad.,  1864,  p.  246. 

682.  C.  d.  fai'-vfla.    Lat. //(/cms,  fulvous,  yellow. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  Since  discovered  in  Alaska.  See  Coues,  in  Elliot's  Prybilov 
Report,  1875,  179;  and  Birds  N.  W.,  1874,  p.  450,  note. 

683.  C.  plQv-I-S'-lIs.    Lat.  pluvialis,  rainy,  pertaining  to  rain,  bringing  rain  ;  pluria,  rain ;  pltio, 

to  rain :  the  bird  was  supposed  in  some  way  related  to  rain  or  the  rainy  season :  "  plover" 
is  the  same. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  ascertained  to  occur  in  Greenland ;  see  Newt.,  Man.  N.  H. 
Greenl.,  1875,  p.  101 ;  Freke,  Zoiilogist,  September,  1881,  p.  874. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


97 


Its 


itly 


bilov 


H. 


534.  JSgialites  vocifenis  (L.)  Cass.    B604.  c  397.  R6I6. 
Klldeer  Ring  Plover. 

585.  ^gialites  wilsonius  (Ord)   Cass,    b  506.  c  398.  k  622. 
Wilson's  Ring  Plover. 

686.  ^gialites  semipalmatus  (Bp.)  Cab.    b  507.  c  399.  r  517. 
Semipalmated  King  Plover;  Ring-neclc. 

587.  ^gialites  melodus  (Ord)  Cab.    b  bos.  c  400,  400a.  r  520. 

Piping  King  Plover;  Ring-necl£. 

588.  ^gialites  melodus  circvimcinctus  Ridg.    B  — .  c  400a.  R  820a.  (?) 

Belted  Piping  Plover. 

589.  ^gialites  hiaticula  (L.)  Boie.    b  — .  c  — .  R  sis. 

European  Ring  Plover. 

590.  ^gialites  curonicus  (Gm.)  Gra^'.    b — .  C4006t».  R519. 

European  Lesser  Ring  Plover. 

591.  ^gialites  cantianus  nivosus  (Cass.)  Coues.    b  bo9.  C40i.  R621. 

Snowy  Ring  Plover. 

5S4,  A6g-I-5'-lI-t5s  v5-cI'-fer-Qs.  Gr.  edyia\lry\i,  masculine,  or  aXyiaKlrn,  feminine,  or  tdyta.- 
\tvs,  an  inhabitant  of  the  seasliore ;  alyia\6s,  the  coast,  from  tiie  breakin)$  of  the  waves 
upon  it  (Aycu/ui).  The  name  is  very  appropriate  to  these  beach-birds.  Both  forms,. 
mjialitM,  masculine,  and  <Ff/ialitis,  feminine,  are  in  common  use ;  either  is  perfectly 
correct;  but  as  Boie  wrote  (Ff/ialitea  originally,  this  form  should  be  preserved.  —  Lat. 
vocifirus,  vociferous;  vox,  genitive  vocis,  voice,  and  fero,  I  bear;  vox  digammated 
from  £iff. 

585,    A.  wIl-sOn'-T-iSs.    To  Alexander  Wilson. 

533.  A.  sem-I-p51-m5'-tiSs.  Lat.  semi,  half;  sibilated  from  Gr.  ^jui,  hemi-,  a  contraction  of 
Vifnavs,  lialf,  and  palmatus,  palmated,  web-footed ;  palina,  the  palm  of  the  hand,  the  hand 
itself;  from  Gr.  iraKdfiri,  of  same  meaning.  The  bird  is  conspicuously  webbed  between 
the  toes,  in  comparison  witli  its  allies. 

587.  A.  mCl-S'-diSs.  Lat.  melodus,  Gr.  fieK'fSSs,  melodious,  sweetly  singing  ;  fitKos,  melody,  a.d 
wSti,  a  song,  an  ode.  (Notice  the  long  o,  being  in  place  of  the  Gr.  omega  with  iota 
subscript.) 

688.  A.  m.  cir-cutn-cinc'-tQs.  Lat.  ciVcum,  around ;  cmrtw*,  bolted,  girded.  See  Parus,  No.  52. 
The  black  is  said  to  form  a  complete  necklace. 

589.  A.  h!-a-tI'-ciS-ia.    Of  this  word  we  can  give  no  satisfactory  account.    It  is  "  classic  "  in 

ornithology,  going  back  for  over  two  centuries ;  in  form,  it  is  a  diminutive  of  hiatus, 
from  hio,  I  yawn,  gape. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  Since  ascertained  to  inhabit  Continental  North  America,  as 
well  as  long  known  in  Greenland.     See  Brewer,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  iii,  1878,  p.  49  seq. 

590.  A.  cO-rfln'-I-cQs.    Lat.  Ciironinis,  Curonian,  of  the  region  formerly  called  Curonia. 

The  bird  described  as  yJ-J^.  mirrorhynrhis,  Ridg.,  Am.  Nat.,  viii,  1874,  p.  109,  has  since 
been  identified  with  the  above.  See  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  ii,  1880,  p.  10 ;  1881,  p.  67.  The  bird 
is  very  questionably  North  American. 

691.  A.  cSn-tl-a'-nQs  nTv-8'-stSs.  Lat.  Cantianus,  Kentish.  —  Lat.  nivosus,  snowy,  in  allusion 
to  the  color ;  nix,  genitive  nivis,  snow ;  Gr.  •>(i|>,  fi^o't,  snow. 


I  r  ^ 


m 


' 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


S';,' 


; 


u 


:i 


'i 


592.  Podasocys  inontanus  (Towns.)  Coues.    B  sos.  c  402.  R  623. 
Mountain  Plover. 

693.  Vanellus  cristatus  Me3er.    b  — .  c  — .  r  812.  (G.) 

Lapwing. 

694.  Aphriza  virgata  (Gm.)  Gray.    B6II.  c  403.  r  6II. 

Surf  Bird. 

695.  Haematopus  ostrilegus  L.    b  — .  c  — .  r  coe.  (0.) 

European  Oyster-catclier. 

596.  Haematopus  palliatus  Tcmm.    b  612.  c  404.  r  S07. 

American  Oyster-catcher. 

597.  Haematopus  niger  Fall,    b  513.  c  405.  r  sos. 

Blacit  Oyster-catclier. 

598.  Strepsilas  interpres  (L.)  III.    b  sis.  c  406.  r  soo. 

Turnstone. 

599.  Strepsilas  interpres  melanocephalus  (Vig.)  Coucs.   b  sio.  c  406a.  r  sio. 

Bladc-iieaded  Turnstone. 


im 


Ir?' 


I'    '  ^! 


J  i-'. 


Hi 


692.  P6d-5s-8'-cys  mSn-tS'-nfis.    The  word  Podasocys  is  simply  the  transliteration  of  the 

familiar  Homeric  epithet  of  Achilles,  "  swift  as  to  his  feet  "  — wdSas  ukvs  'AxiWtis. — 
Lat.  montaniui,  pertaining  to  mountains. 

693.  VS-nSl'-liSs  cris-t5'-tQs.    Lat.  vmus,  empty,  void,  vain,  whence  vanellus,  as  a  diminutive, 

for  the  restless,  idle,  and  noisy  bird.  "  In  the  spring  the  wanton  lapwing  gets  himself 
another  crest."  (Tennyson.)  — Lat.  cristalus,  crested. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.    Only  North  American  as  occurring  in  Greenland.    See  Rcinh., 
Ibis,  1801,  p.  0. 

604.  Aph-ri'-z5  vir-gS'-t5  Gr.  &<pp6s,  surf,  sea-foam,  and  (da,  I  live;  badly  formed,  but 
euphonious.  Compare  Ajihioilite,  the  Greek  Venus,  foam-formed.  Audubon,  who 
invented  the  word,  gives  the  above  etymology ;  but  Wharton's  MS.  suggests  more 
direct  derivation  from  a<ppl(tii,  I  foam.  —  Lat.  virgata,  8trii)ed,  streaked ;  vhija,  a  rod, 
green  sprout,  osier ;  from  rireo,  I  am  green. 

595.  Ha5m-5t'-8-pus  Ss-trI'-18-gQs.     Gr.  al/xaToirovs,  red-footed ;  ofjuo,  genitive  oT/tarot,  blood, 

and  irovs,  foot.  The  word  is  commonly  but  wrongly  accented  on  the  penult ;  but  that 
would  be  ai'/uarcuiri^t,  meaning  red-eyed.  —  Lat.  ostira,  an  oyster,  and  lego,  I  collect, 
gather.  Conmionly  written  ostrateijus ;  but  the  above  seems  to  be  the  correct  form, 
agreeable  yi'\\h  fnuiilefins,  for  example,  and  conformable  with  the  actual  word  ostriferus 
in  the  following  lines :  — 

Quiim  quibus  in  patriam  vcntosa  per  tequora  vectis, 
Pontus  et  osti-i/eri  fauces  tentantur  Abydi.  —  Verg.,  Georg.,  i,  200,  207. 
Not  in  orig.  ed.    Only  North  American  as  occurring  in  Greenland.    See  Ibis,  1801,  p.  9. 

596.  H.  pal-II-S'-tQs.     Lat.  palllalu.i,  wearing  the  pdllium,  a  kind  of  cloak;  to  "palliate"  is 

literally  to  hide,  cover  up  as  with  a  cloak.  The  allusion  here  is  to  the  particular  colora- 
tion of  the  bird.     See  Contopus,  No.  380. 

607.    H.  nlg'-8r.     Lat.  ni'grr,  black. 

698.  Strep'-sM3s  in-t5r'-pres.     Gr.  <TTpi<pa>,  future  trrp^u,  I  turn ;   ijTp^n,  a  turning  over ; 

and  aSi,  a  stone ;  literally  "  turn-stone."  —  Lat.  interpres,  a  go-between,  factor,  broker, 
agent;  literally,  nn  interpreter,  that  is,  inter-prator \  prtetor,  a  Roman  magistrate,  from 
pro:  and  to,  I  go  before. 

699.  S.  i.  mCl-Sn-fi-ceph'-Sl-iis.    Gr.  h4k<is,  genitive  fi^Kai/of,  black,  and  Kf^aA^,  head. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


99 


600.  Reourvirostra  amerioana  Gm.    b  sit.  c  407.  r  066. 

American  Avocet. 

601.  Himantopus  mezicanus  (Mull.)  Ord.    b  sis.  c  408.  R  S67. 

Black-necked  Stilt. 

602.  Steganopus  wilsoni  (Sab.)  Coues.    b  si9.  c  409.  R  ses. 

WllsoD^s  Phalarope. 

603.  Lobipes  hyperboreus  (L.)  Cuv.    b  B20.  c  410.  u  og4. 

Northern  Phalarope;  Red-necked  Phalarope. 

604.  Phalaropus  fUlicarius  (L.)  Bp.    b  021.  c  411.  r  ses. 

Red  Phalarope;  Gray  Phalarope. 

605.  Philohela  minor  (Gm.)  Gr.    b  522.  c  412.  r  025. 

American  Woodcock. 

606.  Scolopax  nisticula  L.    b  — .  c  413.  r  524.  (!  e.) 

European  Woodcock. 


a 
■  to 


.14   1 
»  »  I   1 

.>' 

}  3  <  a 

*  «  3 


■'.-: 


18 

bra- 


icr; 


roiu 


600.  Re-cflr-vI-r6s'-trS  Sm-Cr-I-ca'-nS.     Lat.  recurvus,  bent  upward,  recurved,  and  rostrum, 

beak :  as  the  bill  of  the  avocet  notably  is.  —  The  English  word  is  either  avocet  ur  avuget, 
the  meaning  of  which  we  know  not. 

601.  Hlm-Sn'  tc'-pOs  mSx-I-cS'-nQs.     Gr.   tfiavrdirovs,  Lat.  himantopus,  the  stilt,  from   Ifiit, 

genitive  inivros,  and  iroCs,  foot.  Tlic  former  word  means  a  thong  or  strap ;  applied  to 
this  bird  on  account  of  its  very  long  leatliery  legs  like  straps.  Commonly  accented  on 
the  penult ;  see  Conlopiis,  No.  380. 

This  stands  as  11.  niijricollia  of  tlic  orig.  cd.;  sec  Cassin,  Fr.  Phila.  Acad.,  18G4,  p.  240. 

60S.  StSg-Sn'-C-pfls  wll'-sSn-i.  Gr.  artyavSirovi,  web-footed;  <ntycai6s,  webbed;  oTc^cd^,  a 
web ;  o-Tcvw,  I  cover,  roof  in,  and  iroCs,  foot.  Commonly  accented  on  the  penult ;  see 
Conto/nis,  No.  380. 

603.  Lflb'-I-p€s  hy-pSr-bflr'-e-iis.    Gr.  \o$6s,  Lat.  lobus,  a  lobe,  flap,  and  Lat.  pes,  foot ;  "  lobe- 

foot,"  in  allusion  to  the  flaps  on  the  toes.  —  Lat.  lii/fierboreus,  Gr.  {nrtp$6pfos,  hyperborean, 
in  the  extreme  north,  "beyond  the  north  wind,"  in  the  sense  of  where  the  north  wind 
comes  from. 

604.  PhSl-Sr'-O-pQs  fQl-I-cS'-rl-Qs.     Gr.  <t>a\apls,  the  coot,  so  called  from  the  conspicuous 

white  of  the  bill,  ^<xKap6s  meaning  white,  bright,  clear,  &c. ;  and  iroGr,  foot ;  phalaropua 
is  "  coot-foot ; "  the  plialarope  was  early  called  "  coot-footed  tringa,"  from  the  flaps  on 
the  toes,  like  those  of  a  coot.  The  full  form  of  the  word  would  be  plinlaridopus.  —  Lat. 
fidicarius,  relating  to  a  coot ;  the  specific  name  being  derived,  like  the  generic,  from  the 
lobate  feet.    See  also  Fulim,  No.  080.     See  Contopus,  No.  380. 

605.  PhIl-6'-htl-5  mln'-5r.    Gr.  <pl\oi,  loving,  or  a  lover,  and  t'Aoi,  a  swamp.     Commonly 

accented  on  a  wrongly  lengtliened  penult.  —  Lat.  minor,  comparative  degree  of  parvus, 
smaller  (than  the  European  woodcock). 

606.  Scfil'-fi-pSx  rQs-tl'-cQ-lS.    Gr.  OKoK6iral,  Lat.  scoIofKix,  a  snipe;  the  name  of  this  very 

species.  The  dictionaries  give  it  as  a  theme,  and  any  possible  derivation  is  open  to 
conjecture,  cf.  o-icoAoi^,  from  the  shape  of  the  bill  (most  likely) ;  vKtliKri^,  a  worm ; 
(TKiKKti,  I  scratch.  —  Lat.  rusticus,a,  rustic,  a  countryman;  diminutive  rusticulus;  from 
rus,  the  country,  as  opposed  to  the  city.  The  word  occurs  as  rusllcola  in  Linnxus,  and 
has  so  almost  universally  been  written  ;  but  as  Wharton  shows  (Ibis,  1870,  p.  453),  this 
is  erroneous.  The  word  would  be  ruricola,  if  from  rus  and  colo,  I  inhabit,  liusticula  is 
good  Latin,  and  the  epithet  of  "  little  countryman  "  U  very  appropriate  to  the  bird. 


«  a  .  . 


'i> 


"K-. 


100 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


»  •  I    •  I 


i  I 
i  ■     1         t  I  I  I   I 

'1:1 ;;;;: 


607.  Gallinago  media  Lcaeh.    b  — .  c  — .  r  s26.  (o.) 

European  Snipe. 

608.  Gallinago  wilsoni  (Tonira.)  lip.    b  b23.  c  414.  r  52«a. 

American  Snipe;  Wilson's  Snipe. 

600.  Maororhamphus  griseus  ((fin.)  I^cach.    b  S24.  c  4ia.  R 027. 
Red-breasted  Snipe;  Gray-bacl(  Snipe;  Dowltclier. 

610.  Macrorhamphus  griseus  scolopaceus  (Say)  Coucs.    bs20.  C4isa.  R627a. 

'Western  Red-breasted  Snipe. 

61 1.  Micropalama  himantopus  (Bp.)  Bd.    b  636.  c  416.  R  628. 

stilt  Sandpiper. 

612.  Ereunetes  pusillus  (L.)  Cass.    B6»6.  C417.  R641. 

Semipalmated  Sandpiper. 

613.  Ereunetes  pusillus  occidentalis  (Lawr.)  Coucs.  b  — .  c  4i7a.  b  64ia.  (?) 

Western  Semipalmated  Sandpiper. 

614.  Aotodromas  minutilla  (V.)  Coues.    b  632.  c  418.  R  638. 

Least  Sandpiper. 

616.  Aotodromas  bairdi  Coues.    b  — .  c  419.  R  637. 
Balrd's  Sandpiper. 


|!i    ;;i 


'  .'I, 


m 


i  s.i 


ur 


007.  Q31-lIn-5'-gS  m6d'-I-S.    Lat.  (jalhts,  a  cock,  gallina,  a  h3n,  gnllinula,  a  chicken,  gnllinariu* 

or  gallinaceiis,  relating  to  poultry ;  the  pri-gent  word  is  an  arbitrary  dcrivntivc,  as  a 
Latin  word,  tliougli  tlic  forms  gdlliimiio,  gnllinmn,  and  otiiers  are  found  in  different  lan- 
guages.    It  is  formed  from  gallina  like  fiingillitgo  from  fn'ngilta,  or  like  virago  from  fir. 

—  Lat.  mcdiiis,  median,  medium,  in  the  middle  (in  size,  between  certain  other  species). 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  only  North  American  as  occurring  in  Greenland. 

008,  O.  wll'.s6n-l.    To  Alexander  Wilson. 

000.    MSc-rd-rh3m'-phQs  grIs'-e-Qs.    Gr.  /laicpSs,  great,  large,  long;  and  pdn<pos,  beak,  bill. 
Notice  that  tlie  ^  is  n8])irated,  requiring  to  be  followed  by  k,  as  many  writers  forget. 

—  Griseus,  gray,  grisly,  grizzly  ;  not  classic;  a  late  Latinizing  of  an  Anglo-Saxon  word; 
compare  Fr.  gris  and  Gr.  ypavs  or  yprivs,  yfpat6s,  ytpas  or  yripas  —  all  these  relate  to  age, 
wlien  people  grow  gray.  The  word  "  grous  "  or  "  grouse,"  "  the  gray  bird,"  may  be 
related.    See  lA'.iicosHcte,  No.  205. 

010.    M.  g.  sc6I-d-pa'-ce-Qs.    The  word  is  formed  as  an  adjective  from  scolopax,  which  see, 
No.  606 ;  scolopaceous,  scolopacine,  snipe-like. 

611.  Mic-r6-pSl'-S-mS  hlm-an'-tfl-pQs.    Gr.  fiinpSi,  small,  and  iraxdfiri,  the  palm,  the  hand; 

same  as  the  Lat. /(a/»ia;  referring  to  the  webbing  between  the  toes.  —  Ilimaiitopus,  see 
No.  601. 

612.  E-rcQ-n6'-t5s  pfis-il'-lfis.    Or.  ipevmiT'fis,  a  searcher;   from  the  way  in  which  the  bird 

probes  with  its  bill.  —  Lat.  pusillus,  puerile  ;  see  Silla,  No.  (!0. 

013.  E.  p.  ac-cl-den-ta'-lls.    Lat.  occidentalis,  western.     See  Dendrnrca,  No.  113. 

014.  Ac-ta'-drfim-Ss  mln-Q-til'-ia.    Gr.  iwr^,  the  seashore  ;  from  Hyvvnt,  S^oi,  I  break,  as  the 

waves  do  there;  Spofids,  rapidly  running-  see  Ammodramus,  No.  2.38,  and  Eudromias,'So. 
591.  —  Lat.  minutus,  small,  minute,  diminutive,  of  which  minutilla  Is  an  arbitrary  diminu- 
tive ;  minuo,  I  lessen,  diminish  ;  it  ought  to  have  been  minutula. 

015.  A.  bair'di.    To  S.  F.  Baird. 


I;n 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


101 


616.  Actodromas  maculata  (V.)  Coues,    B63i.  C420.  K634. 

roctoral  Sandpipei*. 

617.  Actodromas  bonapartii  (Schl)  Coucs.    b  533.  C42i.  u  sao. 

Wblte-rumpod  Sandpiper. 

618.  Actodromas  cooperi  (IJcl.)  Cones,    b  527.  c  422.  r  535.  (?) 

Coopor'8  Sandpiper. 

619.  Actodromas  acuminata  (Ilorsf.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  — .  u  633.  (J  a.) 

Sharp-tailed  Sandpiper. 

620.  Arquatella  maritima  (BrUim.)  Bd.    b  628.  c  423.  u  530. 

Purple  Sandpiper. 

621.  Arquatella  couesi  Ridg.    b— .  c— .  U63i. 

Aleutian  Sandpiper. 

622.  Arquatella  ptilocnemis  (Coucs)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  i26bu.  n  632. 

Prybilov  Sandpiper. 

623.  Pelidna  alpina  (L.)  Bole,    b  — .  c  — .  u  639.  (o.) 

European  Dunlin. 


AU- 


610.    A.  tn3-cQl-3'-tS.    Lat.  nmcu/ddM,  spotted ;  macu/a,  a  spot. 

617.  A.  bS-nS-par'-tl-!.    To  Charles  Lucicn  Bonaparte,  Prince  of  Musignano  and  Canino. 

618.  A.  co8p'-6r-!.    To  William  Cooper,  Esq.    Only  one  specimen  known. 

619.  A.  Sc-Q-ml-na'-tS.      Lat.  aruminata,  acuminate,  sharpened,  from  acumino;    like  acuUata 

from  aciileus.     See  Siltn,  No.  58. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  Since  observed  at  St.  Michael's,  Alaska.  Sec  Pr.  Nat.  Mus., 
iii,  1880,  p.  222. 

620.  Ar-qu5-tel'-15  mSr-It'-I-m5.     Arqiiatflln,  for  arruatnla,  is  an  arl)itrary  diminutive  of  arf/wt- 

tiis,  lient,  bowed  :  tliis  is  poor  Latin  for  arciuittis,  curved,  arcuate  ;  nrcno,  I  liend  ;  arctis, 
a  bow,  an  arc.  It  refers  to  the  sliglitly  curved  bill.  —  Lat.  mariliinus,  maritime  ;  mare, 
the  sea. 

621.  A.  m.  cou5s'-i.    To  Dr.  Elliott  Coucs,  U.  S.  A.     The  name  of  this  person  is  Xorman- 

French,  and  is  still  not  infrequently  found  in  the  nortii  of  France,  jjronounced  in  two 
syllables,  with  the  grave  accent  on  tiie  last :  Cou-es  —  Coo-iiyz.  On  the  removal  of  his 
ancestors  to  the  Isle  of  Wight,  the  pronunciation  naturally  became  corrupted  into  Coir:. 
Tiie  original  spelling,  thnngli  sometimes  chnngod  to  Coires,  has  been  preserved  in  the 
family,  no  grown  male  members  of  wiiich  are  known  to  be  living  in  the  United  States 
excepting  the  person  here  in  mention  ami  his  brother,  Dr.  S.  F.  Coues,  U.  S.  N.  The 
meaning  of  the  word  is  unknown  to  us. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.     Since  described,  from  Alaska.  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  v,  1880,  p.  100. 

622.  A.  m.  ptn-5c-n5'-nits.    Gr.  tttIkov,  a  feather,  and  Kvriinis,  n  greave,  boot ;  the  crus  being 

feathered  to  the  heel. 

This  is  the  Triiujn  crasslrostn's  of  the  orig.  ed.,  very  wrongly  so  named ;  also,  it  is 
T.  fjracllls,  Harting.     See  Coues,  Elliott's  Prybilov  Islands,  1875. 

623.  PCl-Id'-n5  al-pi'-nS.     ?  Gr.  rtXiivSt,  gray ;   from  ire'Aoi,  some  dark  color.  —  Lat.  Alpina, 

Alpine ;  Alpcs,  Alps.     See  Eremo/ihila,  No.  82. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List.  Only  North  American  as  occurring  in  Green- 
land. See  Newton,  Man.  Nat.  Hist.  Greenland,  1875,  p.  103,  where  the  Dunlin  of 
Greenland  is  recognized  as  distinct  from  var.  americana. 


i' 


•;! 


h 


u 


102 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOItTII  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


I  >'■ 


'ill 


lif     h 


\l    : 


1.  '     ^ 


■'•■     f 


r*- 


624.  Pelidna  alpina  americana  (Cass.)  Allen,    b  sso.  C424.  u  030a. 

Atnerlcun  Duullu. 

625.  Anoylochilus  subarquatus  (GUld.)  Kuup.    b  620.  c  425.  ii  540. 

Curlew  Suudpiper. 

626.  Tringa  canutus  L.    n  620.  o  420.  u  520. 

I{od«breu8ttt(l  Sandpiper;  Uoblu  Suipe;  Knot.  [Sec  Aildonda,  No.  831. 

627.  Calidris  arenaria  (L.)  111.    fi  034.  c  427.  u  542. 

Sanderling. 

628.  Limosa  foeda  (L.)  Ord.    b  047.  c  428.  u  543. 

Great  31arbled  Godwlt. 

629.  Limosa  haemastica  (L.,  1758)  Coucs.    u  648.  c  429.  R  545. 

Hudsoulan  tiodwit. 


624. 
625. 


P.  a.  im-er-I-ca'-na.    See  Parula,  No.  03. 


An-cy-lO-chl'-liSs  sQb-Sr-qua'-tQs.  Gr.  iyKu\6x*i\ot,  having  a  curved  bill:  iyKiXos, 
crooked,  bent,  from  hyKiiv,  tlie  bent  elbow,  ami  x<<'Aoti  'I'c  niov.i..  ,  from  a  word  signify- 
ing to  oi)en,  to  gnpe.  —  Lat.  suUtri/uatiis,  slightly  curved  ;  see  Anjuatella,  No.  020. 

626.  Trin'-gS  can-Q'-tQs.  Lat.  Innija,  or  trym/a,  or  tri/mjas,  a  sandpiper ;  not  classic.  Derived 
from  Gr.  rp6yyas,  nn  obscure  and  obsolete  word,  occurring  in  Aristotle  as  the  name  of 
some  unknown  bird.  The  species  was  very  aptly  named  by  Linnicus  after  old  King 
Canute,  who,  it  is  said,  sat  on  the  seashore  and  allowed  the  waves  to  reach  him,  to 
rebuke  his  toadying  courtiers  who  had  declared  the  sea  would  obey  his  majesty,  —  a 
myth  according  well  with  the  liabits  of  sandpipers.  —  Cannliis,  if  it  has  any  relation 
with,  or  is  of  same  meaning  as  caims,  gray,  hoary,  iroKios,  is  well  suited  either  to  the 
old  king,  or  to  this  sandpiper  in  its  winter  dress. 

6S7>  CaUid'>rIs  i-rS-nS'-rl-S.  Gr.  <TKa\lipts  or  KoKlipis,  Lat.  sealidris  or  calidris,  an  obscure 
Aristotelian  bird,  by  some  sujjposed  to  be  the  modern  totanus  calidris.  The  word  is 
apparently  from  aKoKis,  some  digging  instrument,  from  vKdWai,  I  scra])e,  rake,  &c.,  and 
refers  to  the  same  probing  habits  of  this  sandpiper  that  erciimtis  signalizes.  But  the 
form  CImlidris  also  occurs,  as  in  Belon  for  example ;  whence  some  refer  the  word  to  the 
Gr.  xi.\il,  Lat.  calx,  calculus,  &c.,  considering  that  it  alludes  to  the  pebbly  or  shinp'" 
beaches  which  the  bird  frequents.  —  Lat.  nrt««nH.<(,  relating  to  sand;  (Jivho,  sand,  v..  a 
sandy  place,  as  the  arena  was,  where  gladiatorial  and  other  sports  were  witnessed  by 
the  Hoinan  brutes. 

628.  Li-mS'-sS  fo5'-d5.    Lat.  limosus,  miry,  muddy  ;  litnus,  mud,  slime. — We  can  learn  nothing  of 

any  such  word  asjidoa,  and  take  it  to  be  a  misprint  or  other  mistake  for  fwdus,  -a,  -urn, 
ugly,  unseemly,  &c.  It  might  be  supposed  to  have  some  relation  tn/adus,  a  coni])act, 
treaty,  the  sense  of  which  is  seen  in  federal,  confederate,  &c.,  and  the  application  of  which 
would  be  to  the  gregariousness  of  the  bird.  But  fadus,  in  the  latter  sense,  is  not  an 
adjective ;  it  is  fmbis,ftderis,  and  the  adjectival  form  would  he  federaius ;  while  there  is 
an  adjective  fidiis,  ugly,  as  well  as  a  verb  fido,  to  defile,  the  j)articipial  of  which  is 
fvdatus.  In  view  of  these  facts,  we  propose  to  substituto/a'f/a  iorfedmt,  until  some  satis- 
factory explanation  of  the  latter  can  be  given.  Fedoa  occurs  at  least  as  far  back  as 
Edwards  as  the  name  of  this  species,  and  has  since  passed  unchallenged. 

629.  L.  haSm-3s'-tI-cS.    Gr.  ai/iao-riKiis  or  ainartKii,  hosniastic  or  hxmatic,  of  a  bloody-red 

color ;  aiixdaau,  I  make  bloody ;  af/io,  blood ;  referring  to  the  red  under  parts,  so  con- 
spicuous in  this  species. 

This  stands  as  L,  hudsonica  in  the  orig.  ed.    See  Coues,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  t,  1880, 
p.  100. 


1  ii  ■  .t 


CUECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


103 


an 

is 

is 

ti8- 

as 

red 
!on- 

880, 


630.  Limosa  eegooephala  (L.)  Leach.  B  — .  c  — .  R  540.  (o.) 

Black-talle<l  Oodwit. 

631.  Limosa  uropygialis   Gould.    B— •.  c  4W.  R  644.  (!a.)       , 

Wtalte-rumped  Godwit. 

632.  Symphemia  semipalmata  (Gm.)  Ilartl.    b  6.17.  c  431.  r  553. 

Semipalmated  Tattler ;  Willet. 

633.  Totanus  melanoleucus  (Cim.)  V.    b  530.  c  432.  r  548. 

Greater  Tattler;  Stone  Snipe. 

634.  Totanus  flavipes  (Gm.)  V.    b  540.  c  433.  r  649. 

Lesser  Tattler;  Yellowslianks. 

636.  Totanus  glottis  (L.)  Bochst.    b  838.  c  434.  R  547.  (!e.) 
Greenshanks. 

636.  Rhyacophilus  ochropus  (L.)  RUlg.    b  — .  c  — .  r  551.  (!i:.) 

Green  Sandpiper. 

637.  Rhyacophilus  solitarius  (Wils.)  Bp.    b  541.  c  435.  r  oso. 

Solltai'y  Tattler. 

638.  Tringoldes  macularius  (L.)  Gr.    B  643.  c  43«.  r  s57 

Spotted  Tattler;  Spotted  Sandpiper. 

630.  L.  aCg-d-cCph'-S-IS.    Gr.  alyoK^<pa\os,  nn  Aristotelian  epitliet  of  some  unknown  bird  ;  it 

literiilly  means  "goat-lieadeil,"  but  wliat  npplieation?  Al)out  tlie  miildle  of  tlu'  sixtcfntli 
century  it  was  applied  by  Belon  to  a  species  of  Limnsa,  perliaps  from  tlie  cry  of  the  bird 
being  fancied  like  the  bleating  of  a  goat ;  "  bleating  "  is  a  term  in  every -day  use  now  to 
express  the  peculiar  sounds  made  by  some  snipes.  —  The  curious  English  \\\in\  ijml wit 
is  derived  l>y  Johnson  from  Anglo-Saxon  <jnd,  good,  and  iciht,  animal :  by  others  from 
god,  and  veide.,  game;  latter  not  unlikely. 

N(  t  in  the  orig.  ed.    Only  North  American  as  a  straggler  to  Greenland. 

631.  L.  a-rC-py-gl-a'-lIs.     See  Cen<MnM,  No.  452. 

632.  Sym-phE'-ml-S  sem-I-p3l>m3'-ta.     Or.  trinpriiit ;  iriv,  with,  and  (pitftt,  I  speak  ;  alluding  to 

the  noisy  concerts  of  the  birds.  —  Lat.  semiimhmiUi,  half  webbed  :  see  .Ei/inlilrn,  No.  o84. 
"  Willet"  is  derived  from  the  sound  of  the  bird's  voice;  sometimes  written  "  pilwillet." 

633.  T8-ta'-niSs  mel-Sn-d-lcQ'-cQs.      Totanus  is  Latinized  from  the  Italian  tot<wo,  a  name  of 

some  bird  of  the  kind.  We  suppose  it  should  be  accented  on  a  lengthened  penult. — 
Gr,  fit\as,  genitive  /ut'^acoi,  black,  and  \tvK6s,  white. 

634.  T.  fla'-vl-p6s.     Lat. y?((iv(s,  yellow; /)cs,  foot. 

635.  T.  glSt'-tls.     Gr.  ^Aio-o-a  or  yKurra,  the  tongue  ;  referring  to  the  noisiness  of  the  bird. 

This  is  given  in  the  orig.  ed.  as  Tntumis  citloro/ms. 

636.  R.  8ch'-r8-pils.      Gr.  uxp6s,  pale,  sallow,  wan,  and  irovt,  foot.      From  this  word  come 

Lat.  ochra,  and  our  ochre,  oi-hrrnus,  orhnicrous,  as  names  of  some  dull  yellowish  color. 
Linnx'Us  had  originally  orrophus  by  misprint. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.     Since  found  in  Nova  Scotia  as  a  straggler  from  Europe.     See 
Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  iii,  1878,  p.  49. 

637.  Rhy-5-ca'-phTl-{ls  sfil-I-ta'-rl-fls..   C        -.{,  genitive  pvaxos,  a  stream,  brook ;  p^u  or  ^vm, 

I  flow  ;  and  (pt\of,  loving,  loved,  a  l«»ver.  —  Lat.  solitarius,  solitary ;  solus,  alone. 

638.  Trin-gfi-i'-dSs  in5c-fll-a'-rI-Gs.    See  Trinf)a,  No.  623,  and  add  tltot,  resemblance.    Note 

that  the  word  is  in  four  syllables,  accented  on  the  penult.  —  Lat.  macularius,  not  classic ; 
like  maculatus  and  maculosus,  spotted ;  macula,  a  spot. 


■i! 


i:! 


II'' 


mi 


104 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


639.  Machetes  pugnax  (L.)  Cuv.    b  544.  c  437,  ii  r.54.  (!e.) 

Ruff(cJ);  Reeve  (9). 

640.  Bartramia  longicauda  (Bcchst.)  Cones,    n  545.  c  438.  R  855. 

Itartramian  Tattler. 

641.  Tryngites  rufescens  (V.)  Cab.    B  646.  c  439.  R  55c. 

Biift-brenstcd  Sandpiper. 

642.  Heteroscelus  incanus  (Gm.)  Cones.    B  542.  c  440.  R  553, 

V    lulering  Tattler. 

643.  Numonius  longirostris  Wils.    b  540.  c  441.  r  oss. 

Long-billed  Curlew. 

644.  Numenius  phaeopus  (L.)  Lath.    B  — .  c  — .  R  sci.  (0.) 

European  Whimbrel. 


630.  Mach-5'-tcs  pug'-nax.  Or. /uaxr;T^t,  a  fi(il)tcr,  cotiibntiint,  in  nllusion  to  tlic  pu<jnni'ity  of 
tht>  iniile  in  tlio  bri-oding  sinisoii  ;  /uoxo/uai,  I  fiijlit ;  naxri.  a  biitllo. —  I<at.  pwjmix,  ])ut;na- 
cious,  combative  ;  /(H'/do,  I  Hi;lit ;  /m'/H'i,  a  battlo  ;  jyroporly,  listiciiffs,  as  tiio  jji'linilivo 
niodi'  of  ti^hting;  ftwjmtm,  the  fist;  root  pmj,  wlience  come  the  wiiole  set  of  words,  and 
otiiers,  as  l>!l'Jiii!l,  &f. 

640.  B5r-traivi'-I-a  lon-gl-cafld'-S.     To   Williani   Hartram,  "  pranilfatlior  of  Aiiiorican  orni- 

tliolo};y." —  I'lie  usual  >;eiierif  raine,  nclitunis,  is  froui  tlio  (ir.  okti'tjjs,  a  doer  by  tlu'  sea, 
a  beacii-inhabiter,  a  "  ioiiKsliorenian,"  from  o«n^,  the  seasiuire,  and  oSpo,  tail.  —  Lat. 
10111)11.1,  long,  and  rnndu,  tail. 

This  is  Arliliiriis  hmimmliis  of  the  orig.  ed.     See  Coucs,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  v,  1880, 
p.  100. 

641.  Tryn'-gl-tes  ru-fes'-cens.     See  '/V/ik/h,  No.  020,    Here  we  have  another  form  of  the  word, 

nearer  the  original  Gr.  rpvyyas,  with  the  termination  -ttjs,  tes;  this  sullix  eonnnonly 
denoting  active  ageney,  as  the  English  -or,  for  example,  makes  worker  from  work.  — 
T^at.  rii/'ismis,  present  participle  of  rnf"! sro,  I  grow  reddish. 

643.  H6t-6-r6'-sc61-us  in-can'-us.  Gr.  tVfpoj,  opposite,  ilifferent,  otherwise,  and  a-Kf\os,  the 
leg,  shin  ;  from  the  peculiar  seutellation  of  the  leg.  —  Lat.  incnniis,  very  gray,  quite 
hoary,  as  the  bird  is  :  in  and  ctiims. 

643.  Nu-m5'-nT-fls  15n-gl-r5s'-trls.     A  curious  etymology  is  this,  if  the  derivation  assigned  be 

true.  Gr.  vtos,  new,  young,  and  /u^i/,  a  month,  nvvri.  the  moon;  the  narrow  arcuate  bill 
being  likeneil  to  the  new  crescent  moon.  The  same  word  is  seen  in  mrni.iriis,  a  kind  of 
lens,  but  primarily  ami  literally  a  little  moon.  Hut  numniinx  miglit  also  be  derived 
directly  from  immi'ii,  a  nod,  a  bending  of  the  head  downward  and  forward  (lience  assent, 
command,  and  hence  a  divinity,  who  nods  .■issent  or  expresses  its  will  by  s.ich  gesture) ; 
Gr.  vfviia,  a  nod,  vtvai,  I  nod;  very  applicable  to  the  attitude  of  the  bird.  Whi<'hever 
of  these  derivations  we  approve,  they  aniount  to  practically  the  same  thing;  for  iiiiniriiius 
••ertainly  refers  to  the  shape  of  the  bill,  being  used  by  the  ornithologists  of  the  heroic 
ago  as  synonymous  witli  arquaUi  or  nroitiln.  —  Lat.  Iimijimatris,  long-billed;  loiiiiiis  and 
rnntnim. — "Curlew"  is  not  an  imitation  of  the  binl's  voice,  but  a  mangling  of  the 
French  name  (onr-Hfii,  "run-place,"  from  the  coursing  of  the  birds;  compare  coiirlis, 
roiirli/,  coitrlaii,  rocnrli.  &c. 

644.  N.  pha5'-8-pQs.     Gr.  (pat6s,  dark  colored,  dusky,  graj',  swarthy  ;    its  exact  meaning  is 

expressed  when  we  say  "  gray  of  the  morning:  "  related  to  <palya>,  I  appear;  iroPt,  foot. 
"  Whimbrel  "  is  apparently  Anglo-Saxon;  related  to  whim,  whimsical,  in  the  sense  of 
flighty,  a  gadabout. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.    Only  Nortlt  American  as  a  bird  of  Greenland. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEItlCAN  BIRDS. 


105 


645.   Numenius  hudsonicus  Lath.     B  .wo.  c  442.  u  ."sso. 

Iliiilsonian  Curlew. 

640.  Numenius  borealis  (Forst.)  Lath.    Bcsi.  c  443.  u  sco. 

Eskimo  Curlew. 

647.  Numenius  ta'itensis  (Gm.)  Lath,    n — .  C442m«.  U662.  (!a.) 

Otahiti  Curlew. 

648.  Tantalus  loculator  L.    B  497.  c  444.  R  500. 

Wood  Ibis. 

649.  Plegadis  falcinellus  (L.)  Kaup.     n  500.  c  445.  ii  503. 

<i1ossy  Ibis. 

650.  Plegadis  guarauna  (L.)  Ridg.    b  — .  c  445tM,  443/tT.  u  504. 

White-faced  Glossy  ibis. 

651.  Eudocimus  albus  (L.)  WagL     B  499.  c  440.  u  501. 

White  Ibis. 


.ly 


tlic 
luite 


dbe 

bin 


I'nt, 

|iro) ; 

,>vi'r 

loroic 
nt\d 
the 

hiirlis, 


m  IS 

I  foot. 


645 
646 
647 


N.  htSd-sSn'-I-ciSs.    To  Hudson's  Bay,  aftor  Ilcnry  Hudson. 
N.  bfir-6-a'-lIs.     Lat.  horcalis,  northern  ;  Imras,  the  northwind. 


N.  t5-I-ten'-sTs.  Of  Otahcitc,  one  of  the  Society  or  Friendly  Islands.  The  original  orthoR- 
rapliy,  ^i/i'V/cHs/.s-,  is  resolvable  into  tlie  above,  whicli  is  less  barbarous  in  sound  and  look. 
Though  named  for  the  island  called  in  Knglish  Otalieite,  or  better  Otahiti,  tlie  first  syl- 
lable is  to  be  dropped  as  being  merely  the  definite  article  the.  It  is  the  native  name 
0-tahiti,  r/ip-island ;  i'.  e.,  the  principal  island. 

This  is  N.fi'iimntlis,  IVale,  of  the  orig.  ed..  Appendix. 

648.  Tan'-tai-Qs  IS-cfl-'a'-tor.    Or.  ToktoAos,  Tantalus,  tho  Thrygian  king,  who,  admitted  to 

the  council.s  of  the  gods,  betrayed  their  secrets,  and  was  tormented,  "  tantalized,"  with 
food  and  water  in  sight  but  unattainable.  —  hat.  locits,  a  place;  hnihis,  a  little  place, 
division,  compartment ;  lociihlus  or  Inriilosiis,  furnished  with  compartments,  full  of 
"  pigeon-holes  "  ;  but  iju.  lociilalor  and  its  apj)lication  to  this  bird  ? 

649.  Ple'-g5-dTs  fal-cIn-el'-lQs.    Or.  irKriyds,  a  scythe,  sickle,  from  irXi^n-irai  or  itX^tto),  I  strike. 

The  actual  form,  Plcijadis,  may  be  a  diminutive;  if  so,  it  is  exactly  Oreek  for  the  quasi- 
Lsit'mfiilriii<llus,fiilriciilii,  or/iilntiiculiif!,  a  little  scythe,  small  hook  ;  fiil.r,  a  rea))ing-hook 
or  any  thing  of  thtit/nlratc  sha])c,  as  the  bill  of  this  bird  is.     See  Folcn,  No.  408. 

This  stands  in  the  orig.  eel.  as  Ihis  fiilrii.cllKS  var.  (irilii.  But  it  has  proved  to  bo  not 
satisfactorily  distinguisheil  from  the  Kuropean  form  ;  while  as  to  the  generic  designa- 
tion, see  Ibis,  1878,  p.  112. 

650.  P.  gfl-5-raQ -n5.    A  barbarous  word,  of  some  South  Artiorican  (Brazilian)  dialect.     It 

occurs  as  such  in  Marcgrave  and  other  early  ornitliologists. 

This  stands  as  Itiis  iiiinraniia  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  see  No.  (UO.  The  fhis  thdlasKinuK  of 
Ridg.,  Am.  Nat.,  viii,  1874,  p.  110,  inserted  in  the  Appendix  of  the  orig.  ed.  as  No.  ■iiiitrr, 
proves  to  be  the  young  of  this  species:  see  Cones,  Bull.  U.  S.  (ieol.  and  Oeogr.  Siirv. 
Terr.,  iv,  No.  1,  1878,  p.  67. 

651.  EQ-dflc'-I-miis  Sl'-bQs.      Or.   :fiti6Ktiiot,   well-tried;    hence,   approved,  famous,  of    high 

repute;  from  fv,  well,  and  SJki^uoi,  assayeil  and  found  acceiitable;  Stxonat,  I  accept. 
The  this  or  Wu  of  the  ancients  (not  this  species)  was  a  celebrated  and  sacred  bird;  it 
was  the  Kgyptian  bird,  now  called  Hits  (vtliinjiird.  —  Lat.  nllnis,  white. 
This  is  fills  iilhit  in  the  orig.  ed.     See  Klliot,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  482. 


'•     'rf 


106 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEIilCAN  lilBDS. 


■i: 


!    i' 


t}\ 


■hi 


ill  'ij.  ^j 


'^ 


655;    Eudocimus  ruber  (L.)  Wagl.    b  498.  c  447.  r  602. 

Scarlet  Ibis. 

653.  Ajaja-  rosea  (Briss.)  Reich.     B  501.  c  448.  R  505. 

Roseate  SpoonbilL 

654.  Mycteria  americana  L.    b  — .  c  4486,«.  r  499.  (!m.) 

American  Jablru. 

65j5.  Ardea  herodias  L.    b  487.  c  449.  r  487. 

Great  Blue  Heron. 

656.  Ardea  occidentalis  And.    b  488,  489.  c  450,  451.  R  486. 

Great  White  Heron ;  Florida  Heron. 

657.  Ardea  cinerea  L.    b  — .  c  — .  r  488.  (g.) 

European  Blue  Heron. 

658.  Herodias  egretta  (Gm.)  Gr.    b  48g,  48C*.  c  452.  R  480. 

Great  White  Egret. 

659.  Garzetta  candidissima  (Gm.)  Bp.    b  485.  c  453.  r  490. 

Little  White  Egret;  Snowy  Heron. 

660.  Hydranassa  tricolor  (Miill.)  Ridg.    b  484.  c  454.  r  492. 

Louisiana  Heron. 

652.  E.  rOb'-Cr.    Lat.  ruber,  red.    This  is  This  rtihra  in  the  orig.  cd. 

653.  A jaja  r5'-s6-5.     Lat.  rasnts  or  rosacnts,  rosy,  rosc-rcd ;  rosa,  a  rose ;  related  to  Gr.  p6Sov ; 

see  for  iiistanee  in  rlwdocnlims,  rnse-breasteil.  — Ai"j"  •""  "./'""  or  aiain  or  ni/ai/a  is  tlie  old 
Brazilian  name  of  tliis  bird,  of  signification  and  pronunciation  alike  unknown  to  us. 

Tills  stands  as  PIntuka  ajdjn  in  tlie  orig,  ed. ;  fur  the  change  of  this  long-standing 
name,  see  Kidg.,  I'r.  Nat.  Mus.,  iii,  1880,  p.  10. 

654.  Myc-t5'-rl-5  5m-er-I-ca'-n5.    Gr.  nmritp,  the  nose,  sncnt;  ;uu(fT»;p(^«,  literally,  "I  work 

tiie  nose,"  /.  p.,  turn  up  the  nose  at,  sneer,  scorn,  deride,  &e. ;  well  applied  to  the  expres- 
sion of  this  ugly  bird. 

655.  Ar'-de-5  hCr-5'-dI-5s.     Lat.  artiea,  a  heron. — Gr.  4pwiMs,  ipaiSds,  or  iptiStos,  a  heron. 

Tliere  is  also  a  proper  name  I/innlias. 

656.  A.  oc-cl-dgn-ta'-lls.     Sec  iMmhnva,  No.  11.3. 

NoTK.  —  The  Anlia  wiivilcmdiiiii  of  the  orig.  ed.  is  a  dichroism  of  tills  species.     See 
Ridg.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv.  No.  1,  1878,  p.  227. 

657.  A.  cTn-6r'-6-5.     Lat.  rincrem,  ashy.     See  Ilwimrhjinrhns,  No  22. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.     Only  North  American  ns  occurring  in  Greenland.    See  Reinh., 
Ibis,  1801,  p. !». 

658.  Her-6'-dI-5s  5-gret'-t5.    Latin  proper  name  Hrrodias:  see  Ardea,  No.  055.  —  Fiprtla  is 

Latinized  from  the  French  nir/nttc,  a  toji-knot,  plume;  whence  also  ei/nl.  These  words 
are  said  to  be  related  to  heron  itself,  all  springing  from  ().  II.  G.  fiici/ro,  a  heron. 

659.  G5r-z5t'-t5  c3n-dl-dis'-sl-ma.     Gitnelln  is  the  Italian  name  of  the  corresponding  Kuro- 

peaii  species.  —  Lat.  aindidissiiim,  very  white,  entirely  white;  superlative  of  c<nididi(s. 
See  Fiiirn,  No.  501. 

660.  Hyd-r5-nas'-s5  trl'-cfil-6r.     Gr.  C8a>p,  water,  giving  in  Latin  fn/dra-,  and  vuffira  or  vnaa-a,  a 

water-fowl ;  from  a  verb  meaning  to  swim.  We  have  here  two  words  very  fruitfid  of 
derivatives  ;  one  giving  us  the  compounds  of  hi/dr-,  as  hi/ilidiillc,  the  other  tliose  relating 
to  the  sea,  a  ship,  or  swimming ;  naxllral,  aeronaiil,  nary,  nnn)/<ilp,  tiaiisea  ;  the  latter  is 
originally  "  sea  "-sickness,  and  literally  "  ship  "-sickness.  —  Lat.  trirolor,  three-colored. 

This  stands  as  Ardea  loinir/astra  var.  leucnpnjmna  in  the  orig.  ed.    See  Ridg.,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  No!  1, 1878,  p.  224. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


107 


661.  Dichromanassa  nifa  (Bodd.)  Ridg,    b  482, 483.  c  455.  r  491. 

Reddish  Egret. 

662.  Florida  ccerulea  (L.)  Bd.    b  490.  c  450.  r  490. 

Little  Blue  Heron. 

663.  Butorides  virescens  (L.)  Cab.    b  493.  c  457.  r  494. 

Green  Heron. 

664.  Nyctiardea  grisea  naevia  (Bodd.)  Allen,    b  495.  C458.  r  495. 

American  Night  Heron. 

665.  Nycterodius  violaceus  (L.)  Reich.     B  49c.  c  459.  R  49c. 

Yeilow-crowned  Miglit  Heron. 

666.  Botaurus  mugitans  (Bartr.)  Cones.     B  492.  C  4C0.  R  497. 

Americiin  Bittern. 

667.  Ardetta  exilis  (Gm.)  Gr.    B  491.  c  461.  R  498. 

Least  Bittern. 


lii^' 


See 


orils 


Vb'diis. 


rn-o,  a 

liitins? 
Iter  is 


Hull. 


661.  Di-chr3-m5-nas'-s5  ru'-f5.    Gr.  8/j,  twice;  xP"/"«. '^'''"onm,  color ;  originally,  probably, 

flesh-color;  and  vao-iro,  a  water-fowl ;  alliulinj;  to  the  ilichroism  or  diehruinatisiu  which 
proviiils  in  this  and  other  herons,  these  birds  of  the  same  species  being  found  either  pure 
white  or  variously  colored.  —  Lat,  ni/us,  reddish. 

This  stands  as  Anliti  riifa  in  the  orig.  ed.    Sec  Ridg.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  and  Geogr. 
Surv.  Terr.,  iv.  No.  1,  1878,  p.  24(3. 

662.  Fl5'-rl-da  coe-rOl-e-5.    Lut.  Jhritliis,  florid,  flowery ;  JIos,  a  flower ;  but  the  genus  is  named 

for  the  State  of  Florida.  —  Lat.  cftriilcus,  blue  ;  see  Poliujitiht,  Ko.  oO. 

663.  Bu-t5r-i'-des  vlr-€s'-c6ns.     Lat.  bttlio  or  butor,  a  bittern;  equal  to  bo-tmtr,  bo-tmirus,  Imx- 

taimi.t  ?  see  IMjo,  No.  402  ;  e78os,  resemblance.  There  is  also  a  proper  name  Buloriihs  — 
Lat.  viresmts,  present  participle  of  vinsco,  I  grow  green,  am  greenish,  from  vireo,  which 
see,  No.  170. 

664.  Nyc-tl-ar'-d6-5  grIs'-6-5  na5'-vI-5.     Badly  formed  fronj  Gr.  vv^,  gen.  vvkt6s,  night,  and 

Lat.  (inlea,  a  heron  ;  better  X(ni!(ii<h<i,  like  Xortihica,  &c. —  Lat.  (/riscits,  see  Macivrltam- 
jiliiis,  No.  C()9,  and  Leucosttcte,  No.  205.  —  Lat.  mvvius,  see  Tiinlus,  No.  5. 

665.  Nyc-t6r-o'-dI-i5s   vl-C-la'-cC-iSs.     Gr.  vv^,  night,  and  fpuSi6s,  a  heron,  like  the  Latin  ardca. 

ConniKinly  written  rii/cihcrodiiis;  but  we  see  no  occasion  for  the  A,  the  e  not  being  aspi- 
rated ;  though  the  h  is  seen  in  the  Lat.  hcrvdius.  —  Lat.  viulaaus,  violet-colored  ;  viola, 
a  violet,  pansy. 

636.  Bo-taQ'-rGs  mii-gi'-tans.  The  many  words  hltti'nt,  hilnrnc,  hitmr,  hiitor,  hullo,  are  all  ononia- 
topa'ic,  from  the  hollow  guttural  sound  of  the  bird's  voice,  and  are  referable  to  /««- 
Idiinis  or  lio-tnitrits?  see  Biiho,  No.  4(52.  —  Lat.  ymir/liatis,  bellowing ;  mwjito,  I  low  like  a  cow  ; 
as  the  children  say,  "  moo." 

667.  Ar-d€t'-t5  Sx-i'-lls.  Ardilla  is  an  Italian  word,  equivalent  to  ardi'ola,  diminutive  of  ardca. 
—  Lat.  crillit,  contracted  from  <:rli/llis,  equivalent  to  mi/uiis,  from  r.rli/o,  this  equal  to  ex 
and  ni/o,  literally,  I  drive  out.  Any  thing  exacted  or  e.xact,  is  carefully  measured,  con- 
sidereil,  strictly  accounted  for ;  hence  likely  to  be  scanty,  as  opposed  to  abundant,  or 
superfluous  ;  therefore,  poor,  thin,  mean,  small ;  any  of  these  latter  ailjectives  well  suited 
to  this  lean  little  bird.  We  have  the  idea  in  several  applications  in  the  Knglish  words 
e.rli/i'iiri/,  an  emergency ;  e.ri<im>iis,  small ;  the  Frencli  r.rii/iaiil,  exacting ;  and  in  our 
rare  though  actual  word  exile,  snuiU.  (The  latter  must  not  be  confounded,  however, 
with  exile,  baiusliment,  one  banished ;  though  this  might  seem  exactly  from  exljo,  "  I 
drive  out,"  it  is  from  another  root:  exmdu,  exsid.) 


'  8 


iii' 


\(\       ): 


il 


t^' 

108 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


668.  Grtis  americana  (L.)  Temm.    b  478.  c  402.  R  582. 

White  Crane;  Whooping  Crane. 

669.  Grus  canadensis  (L.)  Temm.    b  480.  c  463.  r  684. 

Nortliern  Sandhill  Crane. 

670.  Grus  pratensis  Baitr.    B  479.  c  — .  R  583. 

Southern  Sandhill  Crane. 

671.  Aramus  pictus  (Bartr.)  Coiios.     B  481.  C  404.  R  581. 

Scoiopaceous  Courlan  ;  Limpkin. 

672.  Parra  gymnostoma  Wugl.    b  — .  c  — .  r  5C8.  (!  m.) 

Mexican  Jacand. 

673.  Rallus  longirostris  crepitans  (Gm.)  Ridg.    b  553.  c  4fi5.  R571. 

Clapper  Rail;  Salt  Marsh  Hen. 


668.  GrQs  Sm-6r-T-ca'-n5.    Lat.  >)nts,  genitive  gnus,  feminine  noun  of  tlic  tliird  declension,  a 

crane.  The  word  refers  to  tlie  liollow  guttural  voice  of  the  birds,  <ind  is  iipparently 
related  to  English  grunt, 

669.  G.  can-5-d5n'-sls.    It  was  doubtless  upon  the  northern  bird,  figured  by  Edwards,  that 

Linna;us  based  this  name.  G.  fiutcrcuhts  of  Cassin  lias  been  found  distinct  from  the 
common  sandhill  crane  of  the  United  States,  and  identical  with  the  northern  bird.  It  is 
therefore  properly  a  synonym  of  cmiadeiisis,  and  another  name  must  be  found  for  tlie 
United  States  bird  conmionly  called  ciniadensis.  See  next  species.  See  Hidg.,  Bull. 
Nutt.  Club,  V,  1880,  p.  187  ;  Coucs,  ibid.,  p.  188. 

670.  G.  pra-ten'-sls.     Lat.  pratensis,  relating  to  pratum,  a  field. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.     See  last  species. 

671.  Ar'-5-miSs  pic'-tOs.     The  word  aramus  is  unknown  to  us.      Agassiz  gives  it  as  "  nom. 

propr."  A  correspondent  remarks:  "  Vieillot's  Analyse  is  very  incorrectly  printed,  and 
some  letter  may  have  been  omitted  or  changed ;  hence  the  clue  is  still  to  seek.  The 
origin  seems  hopeless,  unless  revealed  by  accident."  Under  these  circumstances,  it  18 
consoling  to  reflect  that  the  word  is  more  decorous  in  form  than  many  of  known  classic 
derivation.  —  Lat.  pirtus,  see  Sctoplmija ,  No.  151. 

672.  Far'-ra  gym-no'-stfi-ma.    Parra  is  a  good  Latin  word,  being  the  name  of  some  unknown 

bird  regarded  as  of  ill-omen ;  as  occurring  in  I'liny,  said  to  be  the  European  Lapwing, 
Vani'lliis  cristatiis.  Transferred  by  Linnxus  to  a  mixed  lot  of  spur-winged  birds, 
chiefly  of  America.  "  Ja9ana  "  is  the  Brazilian  name  of  a  species  of  this  genus  ;  made 
a  generic  term  by  Brisson  in  1700,  and  we  do  not  sec  why  it  should  not  be  cnij)loyed 
instead  of  Parra.  — Gr.  yufni/Ss,  naked,  and  <rr6fia,  mouth  ;  in  allusion  to  the  caruncular 
skin  at  the  base  of  the  bill. 

Not  in  tlie  orig.  ed. ;  since  discovered  in  Texas  by  J.  C.  Merrill :  see  Bull.  Nutt. 
Club,  i,  1870,  p.  88;  Pr.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  1878,  p.  107. 

673.  Ral'-lGs  lon-gl-ros'-trls  crfip'-I-tans.      Rallus   is  said  to  be  contracted  from  rarulus,  a 

diminutive  of  rarus,  rare;  and  to  mean  thin,  slight;  if  so,  the  adjective  has  become  an 
apt  generic  name  for  these  lean  narrow  birds.  It  is  more  likely,  however,  to  be 
onomatopoeic.  Latinized  in  late  days  from  the  French  rasle,  rale,  a  rattling  cry,  Kngl. 
rail,  to  reproach,  deride,  &c.,  having  nothing  to  do  with  the  English  rail  (of  a  fence)  ; 
very  applicable  to  these  clamorous  birds.  —  Lat.  longirostris,  long-billed.  —  Lat.  nrpllans, 
present  participle  of  crepito,  I  creak,  crackle,  clatter,  crepitate ;  a  frequentative  or  inten- 
sive form  of  crepo,  of  same  signification. 
This  is  R.  longirostris  of  the  orig.  ed. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


109 


674.  Rallus  longirostris  obsoletus  (Ridg.)  Coues.    B  —  c  466a.  r  sto. 

California  Clapper  Rail. 

675.  Rallus  longirostris  satviratus  Hensh.    b  — .  c  — .  R  57ia. 

Louisiana  Clapper  Rail. 

676.  Rallus  elegans  Aud.    b  552.  c  406.  r  669. 

King  Rail;  Fxesh  Marsh  lien. 

677.  Rallus  virginianus  L.    b  664.  c  467.  R  672. 

Virginia  Rail. 

678.  Porzana  maruetta  (Leach)  Bp.    b  — .  c  — .  R  573.  (G.) 

Spotted  Crake. 

679.  Porzana  Carolina  (L.)  V.    b  555.  c  408.  r  674. 

Carolina  Crake  ;   Rail ;  Sora ;  Ortolan. 

680.  Porzana  noveboracensis  (Gm.)  Cass.    B  557.  c  469.  R  675. 

Yellow  Crake. 

681.  Porzana  jamaicensis  (Gra.)  Cass.    B  650.  c  *70.  R  676. 

Black  Crake. 


11 


[utt. 

:,  a 

an 

be 

ln)!l. 

r'  • 

Iten- 


674.  R.  1.  5b-s61-e'-t0s.    Lat.  obsoklus,  obsolete,  grown  unaccustomed,  passed  out  of  vogue ; 

oh,  oppositic  and  soli-sco,  I  grow  accustomed;  soleo,  I  am  accustomed.  The  application 
is  to  the  faded,  as  if  worn  out  and  disused,  coloration. 

Tills  is  R.  elegans  var.  obsoletus,  of  the  orig.  ed.,  Appendix  :  see  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  v, 

1880,  p.  i;)a 

675.  R.  1.  s5t-fi-ra'-tQs.      Lat.  satumtiis,  saturated,  satiated,   filled  full ;   i.  e.,   having  eaten 

enough  ;  salis,  enougli :  whence  satisfied,  &c.  The  allusion  is  to  the  color,  which  is  full, 
«'.  c.  rich,  dark,  heavy. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed. ;  since  described.    See  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  v,  1880,  p.  140. 

676.  R.  6'-lg-gans.    Lat.  eUijttns  or  cliijans,  elegant ;  literally,  choice,  select ;  from  e  and  leijo,  I 

pick  out;  quite  equivalent  to  elirtus,  chosen,  picked,  eclectic,  &c. 

677.  R.  vir-gln-I-a'-nfls.    To  Virginia,  "  mother  of  Presidents,"  and  wet-nurse  of  Secession. 

678.  Por-za'-n5  m5-rfl-et'-ta.     Porzana  is  an  Italian  word,  the  meaning  of  which  we  know  not ; 

it  has  been  in  liook-use  for  several  centuries,  as  the  name  of  some  marsh  bird.  —  Mnruetta 
is  likewise  Ital.a.i :  said  to  be  applicable  to  anything  by  the  sea,  and  hence  to  be  equiva- 
lent to  maritimt.  —  Crake  is  to  crackle,  cackle,  creak,  croak,  quack,  &,c. ;  see  Crex,  No. 
683,  Querijtwdnhi,  .\o.  714. 

Not  in  the  o'ig.  ed.    Only  North  American  as  occurring  in  Greenland.     See  Reinh., 
Ibis,  1801,  p.  12. 

679.  P.  ca-r6-li'-na.     To  Carolina.      This  is  the  rail  of  sportsmen.      It  is  also  called  stnra  or 

sorec ;  why,  we  know  not :  the  word  is  colloquial  and  local,  and  has  scarcely  crept  into 
the  books.  The  word  "ortolan"  has  a  curious  connection  with  this  species.  It  is 
Italian  and  French,  equal  to  the  Latin  horliilniiiis,  relating  to  a  garden:  the  "ortolan  " 
is  Kmlierixa  Imrtulana,  a  bunting,  esteemed  a  great  delicacy  by  gournuinds ;  and  our 
crake  has  been  called  ortolan  for  no  better  reason  than  that  it  is  also  edible  and  sapid ! 
The  same  name  is  sometimes  applied  to  the  bobolink,  iJolirhoni/.r  ori/:irorus,  because  it  is 
found  abundantly  in  the  same  marshes  in  the  fall,  and  sells  in  the  same  restaurants  as 
the  same  bird  as  the  rail,  the  two  being  brought  in  together  by  the  gunners. 

680.  P.  n8-ve-bar-5-cen'-sTs.    No  New  York.     See  Virco,  No.  181. 

681.  P.  jSm-li-I-cen'-sTs.    To  Jamaica.    The  namo  signifies  in  the  vernacular  the  island  of 

cprings,  of  flowing  water. 


110 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


682.  Forzana  jamaiconsis  cotumiculus  Bd.    b  — .  c  470a.  r  576a. 

Farallone  Black  Crako. 

683.  Crex  pratensis  Bechst.    boss,  c  471.  R577.  (!e.) 

Corn  Crake. 

684.  Gallinula  galeata  (Licbt.)  Bp.    b  sgo.  c  472.  b  679. 

Florida  Gallinule. 

685.  lonomis  martinica  (L.)  Reich,    b  661.  c  473.  R  578. 

Purple  Gallinule. 

686.  Fulica  americana  Gm.    b  659.  c  474.  r  68O. 

American  Coot.  [Sec  AdJcndn,  No.  885. 

687.  PhcBnicoptenis  ruber  L.    b  602.  c  475.  r  686. 

Red  Flamingo. 

688.  Cygnus  buccinator  Rich,    b  662.  c  476.  R  689. 

Trumpeter  Swan. 

689.  Cygnus  columbianus  (Ord)  Coues.    b  6616m.  c  477.  R  688. 

American  Swan. 

682.  P.  j.  c8-tur-nT'-cQ-liSs.    Lat.  diminutive  of  Cotumix,  which  sec,  No.  579. 

683.  Crex  pra-ten'-sls.    Gr.  wptf,  Lat.  crcx,  a  crake;  all  tliree  of  these  words  arc  the  same, 

meaning  tlie  creaking,  crackling  cry  of  tlie  bird ;  KpfKKO,  I  make  sucli  a  noise.  —  Lat. 
pratensis,  see  Gnis,  No.  (i"0.  (A  subgenus,  "  Crescicus,"  whicli  passed  '  •  some  Anieri(.'an 
works  for  tlic  black  rail,  was  simply  a  mispruit  for  creciscus,  whicli  is  a  Greek  diminu- 
tive form  of  Kpe'f. ) 

684.  Gal-lin'-G-15  g51-C-a'-t5.    Lat.  gnllimih,  a.  diminutive  of  rjvllina,  a  hen  :  see  Gullinm/o,  No. 

008.  It  is  commonly  but  wrongly  accented  on  the  ]K<nult,  and  pronounced  i/ally-new'-ler! 
But  fjuU-lecn'-u-kih  is  doubtless  nearer  the  sound  a  Honiiin  would  have  made  if  ho  had 
used  the  word.  —  Lat.  yaleata,  hehneted  ;  y(i!eci,  a  helmet ;  i/aleo,  I  crown  with  a  helmet ; 
very  apt,  in  allusion  to  the  frontal  shield  of  a  bird  of  this  genus. 

685.  I-on-or'-n!s  tnar-tln'-l-cS.    Gr.  iuv,  luvia,  a  violet,  and  6pvis,  a  bird  ;  aell  applied  to  these 

lu.xurious  porpliyritic  or  hyacinthine  "  sultans."  —  English  viola  is  from  Lat.  nWu,  and 
this  is  very  easily  gotten  from  the  Greek.  —  To  the  island  of  Martinique. 

686.  Ffil'-t-cS  Sm-€r-I-ca'-n5.    Lat.  fulica,  same  as  fiilix,  a  coot,  from  the  sooty  color  of  the 

bird ;  fuliijo,  soot,  w hence _/i///;7/»o.'iHs,  &c. 

687.  PhoS-nI-cop'-t6r-Qs  rflb'-6r.    Gr.  ipotvixSnTtpos,  Lat.  pitmiicoptcrus,  the  flamingo ;  literally, 

red-winged :  ^oiVif  and  rripov  :  see  Aijeheus,  No.  31(J.  —  Lat.  rulier,  red.  —  English ,/?(/h/(m.';o 
seems  to  come  directly  through  the  Spanish _/?(/Hi*'nco,  the  name  of  this  bird  ;  both  these, 
as  the  French  ^a/H(iH<,  are  of  course  from  tl.e  'Lalinjlamma,  flame,  fieryred. 

688.  Cyg'-nfis  buc-cTn-a'-t6r.    Gr.  kCkvos,  Lat.  ojnms  or  cyr/nus,  a  swan ;  famed  for  its  dying 

song  ;  also  name  of  a  person  fabled  to  have  been  transmuted  into  the  bird.  The  name 
is  probably  rooted  i  ■  the  idea  of  singing,  this  bi'ing  one  of  the  most  persistent  and 
ubiquitous  myths.  —  Lat.  bucciimtor,  a  trumpeter,  who  uses  his  cheeks  so  much  in  blowing 
his  instrument ;  buccina,  or  fivKdvri,  a  trumpet ;  bucca,  the  cheek. 

689.  C.  cfi-lum-bl-a'-nQs.    Of  the  Columbia  River,  where  specimens  were  noted  by  Lewis  and 

Clarke,  afterwards  named  by  Ord. 

This  stands  in  the  orig.  ed.  as  C  americanus.    For  the  change,  see  Coues,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  2d  ser.,  No.  0, 1876,  p.  444. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

690.  Cygnus  musicus  Bechst.    b— .  c— .  R686.    (o.!e.) 

Whooping  Swan. 

691.  Cygnus  bewicki  Yarr.    b— .  c— .  rcst.  (!e.) 

Bewick's  Swan. 

692.  Anser  albifrons  (Gm.)  Bechst.    b  — .  c  — .  r  593.  (g.) 

European  White-fronted  Goose. 

693.  Anser  albifrons  gambeli  (Ilurtl.)  Coues.    b  665,  sec.  c  478.  r  593a. 

American  White-fronted  Goose. 

694.  Chen  coerulescens  (L.)  Ridg.    b  6G4.  c  479.  r  590. 

Blue  Goose. 

695.  Chen  hyperboreus  (Pall.)  Bole,    b  bos.  c  480.  r  591. 

Snow  Goose. 

696.  Chen  hyperboreus  albatus  (Cass.)  Ridg.    b  -.  c  480a.  r  591«. 

Lesser  Snow  Goose. 

697.  Chen  rossi  (Bd.)  Ridg.    b  -.  c  48i.  r  592. 

Ross'  Snow  Goose. 


Ill 


^•i^ 


690.  C.  mu-sI-ciSs.  Gr.  ;.o„^,^rf,,  Lat.  musicus,  relating  to  a  muso.  anv  one  of  the  Muses- 
lienco,  music  is  primarily  and  most  properly  fo  be  predicated  of  high  ideals  in  gen- 
eral, whether  .n  scence,  letters,  or  art.  The  term  musics,  however,  as  applied  to  a 
rjimain^r"*  "  """  '"'""'"'  ""'*'''  "  ""'^'"''""''"P  '^'^'^^'^•'-'"  t'"-'  I^I"«''s  and  the  Graces 

frnnf  "r  '"  ^'''^  "^l'^"  'l''"  """^  '""'*'  "''"''"'^''  ^'^"^  ''"'"^t-  Greenland  only,  as  straggler 
from  Kurope.  See  Heinh.,  Ibis,  1801,  p.  13,  and  Freke,  Zoologist,  Sepien.ber,  Tmi, 
p.  -m,  hee  next  species.  ' 

691.    C.  be'-wlck-i.    To  Thomas  Bewick. 

p.  ..-,«]  ee  H  dgway  revives  the  record  given  in  Fn.  Bor.-Am.  ii,  1831,  p.  405  and 
states  tha  the  description  of  specimens  killed  at  Igloolik,  Arctic  America  lat  Go' 
ndicates  the  true  Hewh.k's  Swan.  But  on  the  doubt  in  the  case  of  these  ArTt'ic  Swans' 
If  any  different  from  C.  coUuMan.s,  see  Newton,  Man.  Nat.  Hist.  Greenl.  1875  p  n.5' 
and  especially  Freke,  Zo-llogist,  September.  1881,  p.  366.  ^"       ' 


692. 


693. 
694. 
695. 
696. 


Nroio        r '^  Ty  '"■  '^T. '•■''"-">'  '»  «""■''  -'-'  -  to  ....«,  a  duck ;  see  Il,lr.ual, 
jNo.  000.  —  Lat.  iilhijions,  white  forehead. 

land^'white'Iromeil"  "'"  "",'  """'  """■""'  "''''  ^'°""^'  *''^  ''''^""fi-tio"  of  the  Green- 
lana  w  hite-fronted  geese  being  questionable,     cf.  Heinh.,  Ibis,  iii,  1801    p  l^.  Xewt 

Man.  Nat.  Ilist.  Greenl..  IHTa,  p.  11;],  and  Freke.  Zoologist,  Seplember,  im,  p  _         ' 
A.  a.  gam'-bel-li.    To  William  Gambol. 

Chen  [pronounced  cane]  coe-rfil-es'-cens.    Gr.  x^i.,  a  goose.  -  See  Dendraca,  No.  117. 
C.  hy-per-bar'-g-Qs.    Lat.  hyperboreus,  hyperborean,  northern ;  see  Lolipes,  No.  603. 
C.  h.  al-ba'-tOs.     Lat.  allxiUis,  whitened,  made  white. 


Hi 


'^^h 


697.    C.  r8s'.si.    To  Bernard  R.  Ross,  Chief  Factor,  H.  B.  Co. 


112 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


698.  ChloSphaga  canagica  (Scvast.)  Eyt.    b  573.  c  482.  b  698. 

Painted  Goose. 

699.  Bemicla  leucopsis  (Bcchst.)  Boie.    B  572.  c  483.  r  597.  (!E.) 

Burnacle  Goose. 

700.  Bemicla  brenta  (Pall.)  Stcph,    b  670.  c  484.  r  696. 

Brant  Goose. 

701.  Bemicla  brenta  nigricans  (Lawr.)  Coues.    B571.  c —  n  696. 

Black  Brant  Goose. 

702.  Bemicla  canadensis  (L.)  Boie.    b  567.  c  485.  n  594. 

Canada  Goose;  Common  Wild  Goose. 

703.  Bemicla  canadensis  leucoparia  (Brandt)  Coues.      B  6«8.  c  485o.  R  594*, 

'VVIilte-cheeked  Canada  Goose.  r5<i4(;. 

704.  Bemicla  canadensis  hutchinsi  (Rich.)  Cones,    b  569.  c  4856.  r  694o. 

Hutchins'  Canada  Goose. 

705.  Dendrocygna  falva  (Gm.)  Burm.    b  575.  c  486.  Rooo. 

Fulvous  Tree  Duck. 

706.  Dendrocygna  autumnalis  (L.)  Eyt.    b  574.  c  487.  r  599. 

Autumnal  Tree  Duck. 

698.  Chia-S'-ph5-g5  c5-n5'-gT-c5.     Gr.  x^<'«  <""  X^^V>  young  grass,  whence  x^'^p'^'y  green  ; 

ipdyti),  I  eat. — Mr.  11.  W.  Klliott  informs  us  there  are  Eskimos  of  Alaska  wlio  call  them- 
selves "  Kanagiamoot,"  i.  e.,  "  the  people  of  the  Kanag  "  —  whatever  that  may  be  ; 
whence  qiiasi-Lat.  cannf/ica. 

699.  BSr'-nI-cl5  leu-c5p'-sls.     nn-nirln  or  hcrniculu  is  Latinized  from  the  French  hcrnii-lf  or 

be.rnachr,  Engl,  bnrmir.k.  We  only  know  this  word  as  the  name  of  the  little  eirriped  crus- 
taceans out  of  which  this  goose  was  fabled  to  sprout,  ripen,  and  fall  like  a  fruit  from 
its  stem.  A  correspondent  observes :  "Max  Miiller  says  liilHiiiariiliim,  hut  he  gives  no 
reason  whatever  (nor  for  hihcrmcnUr)  founded  on  the  word  having  been  ever  used."  (cf. 
Lect.  on  the  Sci.  of  Lang.,  2d  ser.)  —  Or.  \fvK6t,  white,  and  uifiu,  appearance. 

This  species  is  Grecnlandic,  but  otherwise  North  American  only  as  a  straggler.  For 
a  re'sume'  of  occurrence:*,  see  Freke,  Zixllogist,  September,  1881,  p.  ,372. 

The  geese  of  this  genus  stand  in  the  orig.  ed.  as  species  of  liraiila ;  but  that  word 
having  been  found  unavailable  as  a  generic  term,  the  name  Uernicia  is  restored. 

700.  B.  brEn'-ta.     Latinized  from  brent,  brant,  brand,  or  branded  goose;  the  forms  brentn.%  and 

brenthus  are  also  found.  See  Camifi/lorhi/nelms,  No,  03.  Brent  or  brant  goose  is  therefore 
simply  burnt  goose,  from  its  blackish  appearance,  as  if  charred. 

701.  B.  b.  nig'-rl-cans.    Lat.  MA/ncans,  being  blackish,  like  n(V?rescens.  —  Not  in  the  orig,  ed. 

702.  B.  c5-n5-den'-sls.    See  Mijiodioctes,  No.  149. 

703.  B.  c.  leu-c8-p5-rif-5.    Gr.  Ktuitis,  white  ;  iraptid,  the  cheek. 

704.  B.  c.  hi5tch'-Tn-si.    To Ilutchins,  to  whom  we  were  at  one  time  indebted  for  most 

that  was  known  of  the  birds  of  interior  British  America. 

705.  D5n-dr6-cyg'-n5  ful'-vS.     Gr.  SfvSpov,  a  tree,  and  kvkvos,  a  swan  ;  see  Ci/gnus,  No.  688.  — 

Lut.  fiilvus,  fulvous,  rpiidish. 

706.  D.  aQ-tGm-na'-lTs.    Lat.  autumnalis  or  auctumnalis,  relating  to  the  autumn,  when   the 

increase  of  the  earth  is  harvested  ;  aiictiimnus,  the  autumn  ;  aucttis,  an  increase,  increased  ; 
auctor,  a  producer,  author ;  augeo,  I  increase,  furnish  fortli,  augment. 


li 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEltlCAN  BIRDS. 


113 


707.  Anas  boscas  L.    D  570.  c  488.  r  coi. 

Mallard. 

708.  Anas  obscura  G 111.    b  577.  c  "is'j.  RfJ02. 

Dusky  Duck. 

709.  Anas  obscura  fulvigula  Ridg.    b  — .  c  489o.  r  603. 

Florida  Dusky  Duck. 

710.  Daflla  acuta  (L.)  .Ten.    B  078.  c  490.  R  cos. 

Pintail;  Sprigtail. 

711.  Chaulelasmus  streperus  (L.)  Gr.    b  r>84.  C49i.  R604. 

Gadwall. 

712.  Mareca  penelope  (L.)  Selby.     B  oso.  c  492.  R  00c.  (!E.) 

European  AVidgcou. 

713.  Mareca  americana  (Gm.)  Stcph.    B  5f.5.  c  493.  root. 

American  Widgeon. 

714.  Querquedula  crecca  (L.)  Stcph.    B  580.  c  494.  R  oil.  (!E.) 

Knglisli  Teal. 


\k 


(cf. 


For 


ford 


and 
L'fore 


18.— 


the 
Lsed ; 


707.  An'-as  bos'-cas.  Lat.  anas,  a  duck ;  doubtless  related  to  vao-ffo.  See  wliat  is  said  under 
I/i/ilniiiii.'isd,  No.  000.  —  Gr.  j8o(tkos,  l^at.  bosats  or  hosci:i,  a  (luck,  probably  this  very 
species  ;  from  jSu'ir/cw,  I  f^raze.  This  word  lias  almost  iiivarialily,  in  ornithology,  beea 
written  liosc/itis  —  very  wrongly,  as  Wharton  was  lately  at  pains  to  point  out  (Ibis,  IHTJ, 
p.  4<>;}). 

703.    A.  6b-scu'-ra.    Lat.  obscnriis,  dark,  obscure. 

709.  A.  o.  ful-vI'-gQ-ia.    Lat. /((/ci/.s-,  fulvous,  and  jh/((,  throat.    This  and  many  similar  words. 

are  viciously  accented  on  a  long  penult. 

710.  Da'-fl-la  a-cu'-ta.      Ikijiht  is  a  nonsense-word,  invented  by  W.  K.  Leach,  like  llareldn,. 

meaning  nothing.  —  I.at.  (imhi,  sharpened,  pointed  ;  as  the  tail  of  the  bird  is. 

711.  ChaQ-le-las'-mQs  strep'-g-rQs.      Gr.   x""^^""!  prominent,  projecting,  protuberant;    and' 

i\a(Tii6s,  a.  layer,  plate,  lamella ;  referring  to  the  denticulations  of  the  bill.  —  Lat.  .sVrc- 
pcnis  (not  classic),  noisy,  clamorous  ;  as  we  should  say,  obstreperous  ;  slrijiitiis,  a  noise ;. 
stirpo,  I  make  a  fuss. 

712.  Ma-re'-ca  pe-nel'-6-pe.     Marrrn  is  said  to  be  a  Brazilian  vernacular  word  for  some  kind 

of  duck  ;  long  after,  it  was  transferred  to  the  widgeon.  But  it  may  also  be  remarked 
that  there  is  the  Lat.  Mtiiim,  a  water-nymph.  Ray  has  Munm  (Syn.,  p.  14!').  —  Piml- 
o)w  was  the  celebrated  wife  of  Ulysses,  mother  of  Telenuichus  ;  /ifiulops,  or  in  Gr. 
irriviKo^^,  was  some  kind  of  duck.     Linnaius  wrote  the  latter. 

713.  M.  am-er-I-ca-na.     See  ffjn(/fr,  No.  0.1 

714:.  Quer-qu6'-dQ-la  crec'-ca.  Lat.  qurrqnrdula,  a  kind  of  small  duck;  etymology  obscure, 
and  not  at  all  to  our  way  of  thinking  in  the  authorities  consulted  ;  apparently  froni 
KapKaipo),  Kfpx'»<  KfpKti,  KlpKT),  KptKu.  Kpt|.  a  Set  of  ouoinatopd'ic  words  formetl  to  express- 
a  shrill  or  harsh  creaking  sound  ;  hence  related  to  riaik,  ijinK-k,  cnirkh',  &r.  ,  ami  quite 
equivalent  to  the  very  word  rrrrni.  which  we  have  here,  and  which  seems  but  an  arbitrary 
adjective  formed  from  Kpeicu).  Charleton  cnlls  one  of  the  ducks  Amis  "eaudacutn,  Tlie 
Cracke  (a  strepitu)."  The  form  qnacnhi  is  found  in  some  writers;  and  "(puiok"  is  the 
usual  word  to  express  a  duck's  voice.     See  Crrx,  No.  083. 


\\- 


# 


M    1  ' 


,4' 

i 

i 

•: 

i 
1 

i-  1  i 

■ 

y.F 

■  A 

114 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS, 


fSoc  Addenda,  No.  88G. 


716.  Querquedula  carolinensis  (Cm.)  Stcph.    b  bto.  C49s.  R612 

Grcen-^viiigcd  Teal. 

710.   Querquedula  discors  (L.)  Stcpli.    d  nsi.  c  49c.  u  coo. 

Illue-wingcd  Tciil. 

717.  Querquedula  cyanoptera  (V.)  Cass,    b  b82.  c  497.  r  cio. 

Cinnamon  Teal. 

718.  Spatula  clypeata  (L.)  Boic.    u  583.  c  498.  r  cos. 

Shoveller, 

719.  Aix  sponsa  (L.)  Boic.     B  587.  c  499.  R  C13. 

Summer  Duck;  Wood  Duck. 

720.  Fuligula  marila  (L.)  Stcph.    b  588.  c  600.  r  ch. 

Greater  Black-head  ;  Scaup  Duck. 

721.  Fuligula  afflnis  Kyt.    B  589.  c  501.  R  015. 

Lesser  Bhick-hcad  ;   Scaup  Duck. 

722.  Fuligula  coUaris  (Donov.)  Bp.    B  590.  c  502.  R  cio. 

Ring-neck ;   Black-head. 

723.  Fuligula  ferina  americana  (Eyt.)  Couos.    b  591.  r  503.  r  ci8. 

American  Pochard;   Red-head. 

715.  Q.  c5-r8-lIn-En'-sIs.     To  Carolina.  —  Tlio  Rcntis  Nrttion,  in  nliicli  this  teal  has  born  placcil 

by  sonio,  is  tiie  Or.  i/^ttio;/,  a  littii'  duck;  contractt-d  from  vrtr-rapiov,  a  diuiiniitivu  of 
f^o-o-o  or  vrirra:  see  Ilijdramifisa,  No  ()(iO.  Very  curiously,  it  Sfi'iiis  to  have  been  used 
by  tile  {ireel<s  as  a  familiar  term  of  endearment,  just  as  we  sometimes  now  say  "  little 
duek,"  or  "  ducky  darling  " 

716.  Q,  dis'-c5rs.    Lat.  rf/.sroi-s,  discordant,  disagreeinp,  unlike;  literally  "  two-hcartcd,"  from 

(lis,  twice,  and  cor,  the  heart ;  opposed  to  roiicors,  concordant. 

717.  Q,  cy-§n-op'-t6-r5.     Gr.  Ki;ai'(Ji,  blue,  irrfpov,  wing. 

718.  Spa'-t£i-15  clyp-e-a'-t5.     Lat.  spatula  or  spalhiila,  Gr.  airaeis,  a  spafhe,  spatula,  spoon,  ladle  ; 

with  reference  to  the  spathulous  or  spoon  like  shape  of  the  bird's  bill.  —  Lat.  cli/jiratii.i. 
furnished  with  a  shield,  wearing  a  siiield;  rli/pi'iis  or  c/ijieit.s  or  clupeiis  or  clipcum,  a  shiild : 
commemorating  in  tliis  case  the  rounded  expanse  of  the  bill. 

719.  A'-ix  sp5n'-s5.     Gr.  alf|  orfiif;  application  not  obvious.     Nor  is  the  orthography  settled. 

If  the  word  he  from  the  monosyllable  off  it  should  be  Latinized  o't ;  if  from  the  dissyl- 
lable fiij  it  becomes  ulx.  In  tlie  uncertainty,  we  do  not  change  the  accustomed  form; 
tliough  we  suspect  ox  to  be  preferable.  —  Lat.  spnnsa,  a  bride,  a  spouse,  a  betrothed; 
that  is,  a  promised  one;  spimilio,  I  promise  sacredly,  I  vow.  Prettily  applied  to  this 
lovely  duck,  as  if  the  bird  were  arrayed  for  bridal. 

720.  Ful-Tg'-fi-15  ma-ri'-15.    Lat. ./)(%"/«  or ./i(//c»/(7,  diminutive  of /»//(•<»  or_/)(//.r,  a  coot ; /»/(>/o, 

soot.  —  ilarilii  wc  know  nothing  about;  qii.,  a  proper  name?  711.  Gr.  ftaplKr),  embers, 
charcoal,  from  the  scaup's  pitch-black  foreparts  1 

721.  F.  af-fin'-Is.    Lat.  fi/fw/s,  affined,  allied  ;  nrf,  and./fH/s.     See  Campijlorhi/nchis,  lHo.  Q4. 

723,    F.  c61-15'-rts,    Lat.  collaris,  relating  to  the  neck,  collum;  this  species  having  a  ring  of  color, 
like  a  collar,  round  the  neck. 

723.    F.  f6-ri'-n5  im-8r-l-ca'-n5.    Lat.  ferina,  wild,  in  a  state  of  nature,  feral. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOIITH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


115 


724.  Fuligula  vallisneria  (Wils.)  Stoph.    b  602.  c  004.  u  017. 

Cuuvas-bock. 

725.  Clangula  glaucium  (L.)  Urchin,    h  5iKJ.  c  505.  u  020. 

Uolden-oyo. 

726.  Clangula  islandica  (Gm.)  Up.    b  5<j4.  c  500.  u  cio. 

narrow's  OoI«Icn-cyc. 

727.  Clangula  albeola  (L.)  Stoph.    b  noa.  c  507.  11021. 

Itiifllc-heud ;   Uuttor-ball;  Spirit  Duck. 

728.  Harelda  glacialis  (L.)  Letidi.     Brm.  c  508.  u  C2n. 

Loiig-tullod  Duck;  Old  Wife. 

729.  Camptolaemus  labradorius  ((im.)  Gr.    b  coo.  c  509.  11  024. 

Labrador  Duck. 

730.  Histrionicus  minutus  (L.)  Couos.    b  59c.  c  510.  u  (!22. 

Harlequin  Duck.       * 


t  i 


724. 


725. 


726. 
727. 

738. 
729. 


730. 


F.  val-lIs-n5r'-I-S.  Vallisneria  is  a  genus  of  iiquntic  plants,  tlio  wild  colcry,  V.  spiralis  \,., 
niuiii'd  for  Antoinu  Vallisner,  a  French  botani.st.  'I'lii'  niinie  was  aijpliotl  to  the  hinl 
from  its  fonclnuss  for  this  plant  ns  food.  The  name  eaiivashaek.  from  the  jieimhar 
coloration  of  the  upper  parts,  is  an  Americanism  which  lias  licen  in  use  ui  least,  siiit  e 
1800.     (i'.ij.,  see  Barton,  Med.  and  I'lijs.  Jom-n.,  pt.  i,  vol.  ii,  I8O0,  p.  101.) 

Clan'-gu-15  glaii'-cl-um.  Lat.  clomjula,  diminutive  of  i-taiii/or,  a  clang,  noise;  the  corre- 
sjionding  (Jr.  KKayyti  means  particularly  the  outcry  of  wild  animals  ;  K\d^u,  future 
KKay^w,  I  cry  out.  It  was  applied  to  this  bird  several  centuries  af,'o.  —  Ur.  7Aai^Kiai' or 
yKavtciov,  a  kind  of  wild  duck,  perhaps  this  very  species.  Under  the  varying  forum  of 
yhiitcioii,  ijhiHcium,  r/kiuciiis,  and  (jlauciu,  it  has  been  definitely  applied  to  this  duck  for 
more  than  three  centuries. 


is-land'-I-ca. 


To  Iceland.     Sec  Falco,  No.  COO. 

C.  al-b6'-6-lS.     Diminutive  (irregular)  form  of  allms,  white:  allmla  would  be  better  form. 
"ButHe-head"  is  a  corruption  of  bulTalo-head,  from  the  pulFmess  of  the  head;  "  buttcr- 
.     ball "  from  the  fatness  of  the  bird  at  tiuies  :  "  spirit  duck,"  from  the  quickness  of  diving. 

Har-el'-da  gla-cl-a'-lls.  Ilarchla  is  a  nonsense-word,  invented  by  Leach.  —  Lat.  tjlacinlis, 
glacial,  icy,  relating  to  ice;  (jlticics,  ice.     (Unde  derivatur  ?  cf.  Gr.  yKavKos) 

Camp-t6-laem'-Qs  lab-ra-do'-rl-Qs.  Gr.  KajUirrJs,  tiexilile,  as  leather  is,  for  instance ; 
Kafiiro),  I  bend;  and  Aoi^uut,  the  throat;  but  the  whole  word  rcfiTs  to  the  soft  leathery 
e.xpansiou  of  the  bill,  iis  if  (.'(iiiiiilorld/iirliiis,  for  which  Utter  word,  preoccupied  in  zoiilogy, 
it  was  proposed  as  a  substitute.  — To  Labrador;  which  name  is  said  to  have  been  given 
to  the  country  by  the  Spaniards,  it  being  considered  eullivable,  as  Greenland  was  not; 
Span.  Idtnitilo,  cultivated  land;  hihrmhr,  laborer;  hilmir,  to  work. 

His-trl-o'-nl-cus  mt-nii'-tQs.  Lat.  Iiislrionirus,  liistrioinc,  relating  to  hislrin,  a  stage- 
player  ;  because  the  bird  is  tricked  out  in  various  colors,  as  if  it  were  dressed  to  play 
some  part  on  the  stage.  The  word  is  related  in  the  most  interesting  manner  to  fa'storia, 
history,  and  liisluloji/,  the  science  of  tissues  of  the  body ;  the  idea  being  the  weaving 
together  of  things,  to  make,  as  history,  a  connected  account,  as  in  histology,  a  tissue  of 
organs.  Wo  still  say,  for  example,  a  tissue  of  falsehood,  &c.  These  words  are  all 
related  to  l<rT6s,  a  loom,  or  the  web  woven  on  it. 


Trn 


I;   ! 

i  i 


'i 


?'  ■ '  p 


I  I!  f 


'I' 


llf  ^f  >;;li 


116 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOJi'fU  AMEltlCAN  DUiLS. 


731.  Somateria  stelleri  (Pall.)  Jard.    D698.  ecu.  R(J28. 

Stoller*B  Duck, 

732.  Somateria  flscheri  (Brandt)  Coues.    H  5!)'j.  c  oia.  u  mo. 

Spcctucloil  Kidor. 

733.  Somateria  moUissima  (L.)  Hoi«.    u— .  c— .  u«27. 

Killer  Duck. 

734.  Somateria  mollissima  dresseri  (Sliari)c)  Coues.    D  coo.  c  613.  r  C27a. 

Aiiioricun  Uidcr  Duck. 

735.  Somateria  v-nigra  (iniy.    n  oo7.  C5i4.  u  028. 

lIlMck-tliruutcd  ICidcr. 

736.  Somateria  spectabilis  (L.)  Bole.    B  cos.  c  615.  R  029. 

King  Elder. 

737.  CEdemia  americana  Sw.    b  co4.  c  510.  u  cso. 

American  Ulack  Scoter. 

738.  CEdemia  fusca  (L.)  Flcm.    n  coi.  c  617.  R  C3i. 

Velvet  Scoter;  Wbite-wlngcd  Scoter. 

739.  CEdemia  perspioillata  (L.)  Flcm.    b  G02.  c  sis.  R  033. 

Surf  Duck. 

731.  S6-m5t-6'-rI-a  stgl'-lSr-i.    f!r.  crSina,  Rcnitive  adixaroi,  the  body,  ami  tpiov,  wool,  down; 

Willi  rfft'iviui-  ti)  the  famous  "  eiilcr-down  "produced  by  species  of  this  genus. — To 
G.  \\.  Slcllcr,  the  siir;;'i()ii  mid  niUuniiist  of  Ikdiring's  second  voyuKc,  17-11—12. 

732.  S.  fisch'-er-i.    To  Ootth.  Fischer  von  Wiildhoiin,  a  RiLssinn  naturalist. 

733.  S.  mol-lis'-sI-m5.     I.at.  mollissima,  superlative  de(;rec  of  mollis,  soft ;   this  a  contraction 

for  movilis,  mobile,  moveable,  from  mocio,  I  move.  The  reference  is  of  course  to  tho 
downy  plumatje. 

See  ne.\t  species.  Since  tho  American  bird  has  been  distinguished  from  the  Kuro- 
pean,  the  latter  has  been  said  to  be  also  found  in  North  America,  (m  the  west  si<le  of 
Cumberland  (Julf.  See  Ridf?.,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  iii,  1880,  p.  2-J2.  This  requires  us  to 
restore  the  name  S.  mollissimu,  but  it  is  No.  ".'34  that  equals  No.  013  of  the  orig.  ed. 

734.  S.  m.  dr6s-s6r-i.     To  Henry  K.  Dresser,  of  London,  author  of  the  "  Birds  of  Kurope,"  &c. 

This  is  the  -S'.  mollissima  of  writers  on  American  birds  and  of  the  orig.  ed.  of  tht 
Check  List.     See  Sliarpe,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  1871,  p.  51.     See  last  species. 

735.  S.  v-nlg'-ra.    Thi^  is  a  queer  way  of  saying  that  tho  bird  has  a  black  v-shaped  mark  on 

the  throat  —  "  difjammated,"  indeed! 

736.  S.  spec-ta'-bl-lls.    Lat.  spectabilis,  that  may  bo  seen,  hence,  worth  seeing,  a  spectacle ; 

sprcio,  spiciu,  specio,  I  look  at ;  whence  a  thousand  derivatives. 

737.  Oe-de'-m!-S  5tn-6r-I-ca'-n5.     Gr.  olSrifia,  Lat.  adcma,  a  swelling,  tumefaction;    olSdu,  I 

swell  ;  referring  to  the  hunipincss  or  gibbosity  of  the  bill. 

738.  O.  fus'-cS.    Lat. /iKCHs,  fuscous,  dark ;  not  well  applied  to  this  black  bird. 

739.  O.  pSr-spIc-il-la'-ta.     Irregularly  formed  from  prrspirin;  equivalent  to  perspiciliilis,  con- 

tr.actod  to  prrspirills,  and  then  given  a  ])iirticipial  termination,  as  if  from  a  verb  /)<•;•- 
spiallo;  meaning  perspicuous,  that  may  be  clearly  seen,  hence  conspicuous,  spectacular; 
tee  Somateria,  No.  7-")0. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


117 


740.  CEdemia  perspicillata  trowbridgii  (lid.)  Coues.    n  go3.  c  5i8a.  r  — . 

Long-billotI  Hurf  Duck. 

741.  Erismatura  rubida  (Wils.)  Up.    n  (io<).  c  cii).  u«34. 

Itu(l<ly  Duck. 

743.  Nomonyx  dominica  (L.)  Ridg.    n  cio.  c  520.  u  cas. 

St.  Doiiiliixu  Diifk. 

743.  Mergus  merganser  L.    luiu.  c  .v.'i.  u  oao. 

MorKUiistor;  <iousaii(lcr. 

744.  Mergus  serrator  L.     it  (;r_'.  c  522.  ii  037. 

Ite<l-brt<a.stc«l   MorgiiiiHor. 

745.  Mergus  cucuUatus  ]..    n  v,v\.  c  523.  ii  mh. 

IIoo<lo<l  Morgaiisoi*. 

746.  Sula  bassana  (L.)  liriss.     ii(U7.('524.  ncr.o. 

Ciannct ;  Molaii  <>oos(*. 

747.  Sula  leucogastra  (Hodd.)  Salv.    n  cis.  c  525.  ii  G53. 

Booby  (jauiiot. 

748.  Pelecanus  trachyrhynchus  LiitU.    m  ois.  c  B20.  n  040. 

Aiiicrit'iin  Wlilto  I'cllcaii. 


1',  ' 


I'tlOU 

0  tliu 


I'.uro- 

i(\i'.  of 

us  to 


'&c. 
)!'  tilt 


on 


coii- 


Irb  /" 


iliir ; 


740.  O.  p.  trow-brld'-gl-i.     To  W.  V.  Trowliriilfjc,  wlio  collected  in  Cnlifornid. 

741.  Er-is-m5-tu'-ra  rflb'-I-d5.    (!r.  tptiana,  a  stay,  prop,  pier,  and  ovpa,  tail,  as  tlic  stiffened 

nieniliiT  of  tlie  bird  niitfiit  seem  to  Ite.  —  l.at.  riihidus,  ruddy,  roddisli. 

742.  Nam-5'-nyx  d6m-In'-I-c5.    (ir.  vouoi,  law,  order,  rc^cuiar  way,  and  ovuf,  nail.    Tin' nail  at 

tin-  end  of  the  bill  in  all  tiie  .species  of  .xo-called  /u-ismnliini,  except  ruiida,  is  t'ornied  in  a 
particular  way.  —  See  Ihuiliartt,  No.  121*. 

743.  Mer'-gus  mer-gan'-sfir.      hat.  minjns,  a  diver;   minjo.    I  dive,   mrrrjorr,   mrrsi,   memnin; 

whence  subnierjj;ed,  innnersed,  itc.  —  Min/niisir  is  simply  mfri/u.  +  uiit«:r,  i.  e.,  diving- 
goose. 

744.  M.  s5r-ra'-tor.     Lat.  srrralnr,  a  sawyer;  sirniliin,  sawn,  l.r.,  saw-sliaped,  serrate,  serried, 

ns  tlie  prominent  teeth  of  tlie  bill  look  like  those  of  a  saw  ;  sfi-ni,  a,  saw  ;  supposed  to  bt" 
equal  to  sirni,  from  seen,  I  cut. 

745.  M.  cfl-cul-la'-ttSs.     Lat  runilldius,  hooded,  weann;;  the  nmiHitm,  a  kind  of  hood,  a  capu- 

clion,  perhaps  from  its  t'irciiiar  shape  (kvk\os).     Vitv  ajipropriate  in  this  case. 

746.  Su'-lS  bas-sa'-nS.    Snl'i,  by  Ai,',tssiz  given  as  a  proper  nanie,  was  Latinized  lately  from 

tlie  Fregeli  name,  /.<■  Siilc.  —  Qiiasi-Lat.  liiiKS<niiis  is  an  adjective  diTived  from  the  name 
of  one  of  the  great  haunts  of  tlie  bird,  the  Bass  Kock,  Firth  of  Forth,  Scotland. 

747.  S.  Ieu-c6-gas'-ti5.    (Jr.  Afuxo's,  white,  and  yaaTl]p,  the  belly. 

This  stands  ns  S.jiUir  in  the  orig.  ed.     See  Salv.,  Tr.  Z.  S.  i.\-,  pt.  ix,  18"'),  p.  400. 

748.  Pel-fi-ca'-niSs  trach-y-rhynch'-us.     Or.  iriXiKav,  or  irfXtKivos,  or  ''■f  pch'niins,  a  pelican. 

The  etymology  is  obscure;  but  the  pelican  was  fabled  to  stri  and  wound  its  own 
breast,  that  the  young  might  bo  nourished  with  blood  ;  and  there  are  various  Greek  and 
Latin  words  signifying  some  cutting  and  striking  iiistriinient,  as  an  axe,  which  are 
nearly  identical  in  form  with  the  above.  —  (ir.  rpax^ii,  rough,  uneven,  ami  fivyxos.  Il;e 
beak;  with  reference  to  the  deciduous  excrescence  or  "  ceiitre-bourd  "  on  the  upjicr 
mandible. 


t  :.i 


118 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


1'  .     ii 


749.  Pelecanus  fuscus  L.    Bcic.  c  527.  R64i. 

Brown  Pelican. 

750.  Phalacrocorax  carbo  (L.)  Leach.    B  C20.  c  528.  R  G42. 

Common  Corniorunt. 

751.  Phalacrocorax  dilophus  (Sw.)  Nutt.     B  C23.  c  530.  u  04:5. 

Double-crested  Cormorant. 

752.  Phalacrocorax  dilophus  cincinnatus  (Brandt)  RUlg.     n  ivi2.  c  52!). 

Wliite-tufte<l  Cormorant.  [U  (ii;;6. 

753.  Phalacrocorax  dilophus  floridanus  (Bartr.)  Coues.    B  024.  c  saoo.  u  04^0. 

Florida  Cormorant. 

754.  Phalacrocorax  mexicanus  (Brandt.)  S.  &  S.     i!  025.  <:  5;!i.  u  044. 

Mexican  Cormorant, 

755.  Phalacrocorax  penicillatus  (Brandt)  Iloenn.     b  C2c.  c  532.  11645. 

Tufted  Cormorant. 

756.  Phalacrocorax  perspicillatus  Tall,     b  (121.  c  533.  u  048. 

Pall".s's  Cormorant. 

757.  Phalacrocorax  bicristatus  Pall,     b  — .  c  534.  u  047. 

Red-faced  Cormorant. 

758.  Phalacrocorax  violaceus  (Gm.)  Ridg.     b  027.  c  535.  n  646. 

Violct-grcea  Cormorant. 


749. 
750. 


751. 
752. 

753. 
754. 
755. 


758. 
757. 

758. 


P.  fus'-cQs.    Lat.. /((srus,  fuscous,  dark. 

Phal-a-cr6'-c6r-ax  car-bo.  Or.  tpaKaxpoKopa^,  Lat.  jilml'irriKnr<tx,  a  coniHiraiit  ;  from 
<pa\aKp6s,  V)alil,  and  Kopa^,  a  ravon.  C'oiiii)arL'  PlidldrDpiis,  No.  (JOi.  Tlic  cormorant  was 
often  calk'il  "sea-crow,"  anil  "cormorant"  is  nothing  but  romts  miin'iiits  ;  h'r.  foniionin ; 
Ital.  corvo  nmriiio ;  Span,  ciieiro  vuirino  or  ciicn  .  cairn  (l)ald-headud  crow).  —  Lat.  cuibo,  a 
coal,  cliarcoal;  whence  carbon;  from  tlie  black  color. 

Tlie  cormorants  are  all  given  as  (imciiliis  in  the  orig.  ed.  But  this  was  according 
to  a  way  which  li.  IS.  (iray  had  of  determining  the  types  of  gen(  ra,  whicli  lias  been 
founil  not  available.  0V(R'»/»»' signities  that  the  bird  is  so  like  a  crow  in  color;  ef.  Lng- 
lisii  "  sea-crow,"  above. 

P.  dr-16ph-us.     Gr.  Si's,  twice,  and  \6<pos,  crest. 

P.  d.  cin-cin-na'-tQs.     Lat.  rinriiinatiis,  having  curly  hair;    Lat.  cinciiiiiiis,  dr.  KtKivvoi,  a, 

curly  lock. 
P.  d.   flo-rl-da'-nus.     To  Florida.     Barlram  named  the  bird  before  Auihdion  did. 

P.  mex-!-ca'-niis.     To  ^lexico.     See  Slalio,  No.  28. 

P.  pe-nl-cil'-la'-tils.  Lat.  pmli-Uhnn,  a  pencil,  or  painter's  brush  ;  equivalent  to  pinintlus, 
•A  little  brush;  this  from  pniis.n  tail,  or  the  male  organ:  comjiare  pniilin,  I  hang;  as 
something  jjcndent  or  appendaged.  The  reference  is  to  the  tufts  of  lengthened  feathers 
on  the  bird. 

P.  per-splc-Il-la'-tQs.     Sec  (Edania,  No.  739. 

P.  bi-cris-ta'-tiis.     Lat.  his,  twice,  and  rristntus,  crested.    Ivxaetly  equal  to  the  Or.  St\o<pos. 

P.  vI-0-la'-c6-Qs.     Lat.  viulaceus,  violct-colorcd  ;  violtt,  a  violet.     See  lonornis,  No.  085. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEIilCAN  BIRDS. 


119 


759.  Phalacrocorax  violaceus  resplendens  (Aud.)  Ridg.    b— .  c— .  U646a. 

Baird's  Cormorant. 

760.  Plotus  anhinga  L,    b  g28.  c  53g.  r  g49. 

Anhinga;  Darter;  Siiakc-bird. 

761.  Tachypetes  aquilus  (L.)  V.    b  cio.  c  537.  R  039. 

Frigate  Bird ;  Man-of-war  Bird. 

762.  Phaethon  sethereus  L.    B — .  c — .  r  635.  (?!)  • 

Rcd-billcd  Tropic-bird. 

763.  Phaethon  ^avirostris  Brandt.     B  c^9.  c  538.  R  (i54. 

Yellow-biiicd  Tropiobird. 

764.  Stercorarius  skua  (IJiUun.)  Coues^    B  G52.  c  539.  R  gog. 

Sliiia. 

765.  Stercorarius  pomatorhinus  (Tcmm.)  Lawr.    B  C53.  c  540.  R  G97. 

Poniatorhiuc  Jager. 


w\ 


1  'H  I 


759.  P.  V.  res-plen'-dens.      Lat.  resplendens,  resplendent,  splendid,  c  lustrous;   resphndcn  or 

splcndco,  I  shine,  gleam.  Splendor  is  derived  by  some  etymologists  from  airKi]{y]S6i, 
live  coals. 

Not  in  tlic  orig.  ed.     Since  recognized  by  Ridgway,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  iii,  18S0,  p.  222. 
Farallone  Islands. 

760.  Plo'-tQs  an-hin'-ga.     Gr.  irKwrSs,  being  a  good  swimmer;   from  irXiia  or  irAe'oi,  I  swim, 

navigate  ;  Lat.  /ilutns  ;  and  very  early  applied,  in  ornithology,  to  divers  swininiiiig  hirds. 
—  AnluiKja  is  a  barbarous  word,  from  the  I'ortugiieso  antdnn,  and  equivalent  to  the 
Lat.  (inrinina,  snaky  ;  <iii;/iiis,  a  snake;  very  well  apjilied  to  this  curious  bird,  which  in  its 
suba(iucous  excursions  strangely  resend)les  a  swimming  serpent.  See  Cones,  Bull.  Xutt. 
Orii.  Club,  iii,  1878,  p.  101.  We  should  like  to  substitute  tiie  Latin  form  of  the  word, 
but  that  would  probably  be  going  too  far. 

761.  Tach-y'-p6t-es  a'-quU-us.     Gr.  TaxuTrtTTjr,  Lat.  tac/ii/pelfs,  flying  rapidly;   raxo^,  swift, 

and  ireVo.uoi,  I  fly. — Lat.  arpuliis,  swarthy,  dark-colored.  The  word  is  vaguely  su])- 
posed  by  most  persons  to  have  something  to  do  with  (upiihi,  an  eagle,  in  consideration 
of  the  raptorial  prowess  of  tiiis  piratical  high-flyer;  but  it  would  in  that  case  be  cither 
(irpiilii,  substantive,  an  eagle,  or  aijuilinus,  adjective,  aquiline.  Aqmla  and  aquilus  are 
doubtless  the  same  word,  etymologically  ;  but  the  present  specific  name  has  nothing 
furtiier  to  do  with  the  genus  Aqiilla,  which  see.  No.  532. 

762.  P.  ae-th6'-re-Qs.     Gr.  alOepios,  Lat.  (itlureiis,  etherial,  relating  to  the  alOvp.  iriher,  ether,  or 

serene  upper  air,  as  opposed  to  ay)p,  uiir,  the  lower  aerial  region  ;  the  birds  of  this  genus 
being  MoIcd  for  soaring  aloft.     Tli.  ulOoi,  &a). 

Not  in  the  orig.  cd.  If  there  be  no  mistake  in  identilicatioM,  this  species  ha.s 
struggled  to  Newfoundland.  See  Freko,  Comp.  List  B.  of  Kiir.and  \.  A.,  p.  41  (repaged 
from  I'roc.  Koy.  Soc.  Dubl.,  187!)), 

763.  Pha'-e-th5n  fla-vl-ros'-trls.     Gr. 'Pae'Owi/,  Lat.  /'/»((V/,'m,  a  proper  name,  an  epithet  of  the 

suti  ;  I'hdelhon  having  once  nnderlakeii  to  drive  the  eharint  of  the  sun,  his  f;ithcr  Helios  ; 
well  applied  'o  these  iiighly  aerial  Itirds  of  the  Tropics.  Sciiiietinies  vi  ry  wrongly 
written  rihillmn.  and  even  Phalon  —iMt.jliciroslris.  yellowbilieil. 

764.  Ster-car-a'-rl-Qs  skQ'-a.     Lnt.  stercomrius,  having  to  di  with  ordure,  a  scavenger;  sternts, 

excrement  ;  from  tiic  filthy  habits  of  the  bird.  —  .Sliai  is  tiie  name  aiiplied  to  the  bird 
by  the  Fairoi'se. 

765.  S.  p5-ina-ta-rhin'-Qs.    Gr.irw;Ka,gcnitlvcirw/«iToj,  a  flap,  lid,  cover;  ond^/j,  genitive  ^im. 


11: 


ir 


fin 

m 


■1 ' 

^:M^h 

120  CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

766.  Stercororms  parasiticus  (Brlinn.)  Gray,     n  654.  c  541.  ii  C98. 

Parasitic  J  tiger. 

767.  Stercorarius  buffoni  (Bole)  Coiics.    n  055.  c  542.  R  6<J9. 

Arctic  Jiigcr;  Long-tailed  Jiigcr. 

768.  Larus  glaucus  nriimi.     B  (156.  c  543.  u  660. 

Glaucous  Gull. 

769.  Larus  leucopterus  Fabcr.    B  658.  C544.  R661. 

White-winged  Gull. 

770.  Larus  glaucescens  Lidit.    B  057,  659.  c  546.  r  C62. 

Gluucous-\vingcd  Gull. 

* 

771.  Larus  marinus  L.    B  660.  c  546.  R  663. 

Great  BlacJf-baclied  Gull. 

772.  Larus  argentatus  UrUiin.    B  — .  c  547.  R  666. 

Herring  Gull. 

773.  Larus  argentatus  smithsonianus  Couos.    B66i.C547a.  r  666a. 

Smithsonian  Herring  Gull. 


ii'h 


mU,; 


I 


I  r 
I".  * ' 


the  nose;  from  tlio  scale-like  covorinp;  of  tlio  nostrils.  Toniiniiu'lc,  lialiitually  ciiiTlcss 
in  such  matters,  orifiiiialiy  wrote  iionian'nus,  and  we  liave  almost  always  said  "  i^oimirinn  " 
jager,  with  some  vaf^ue  notion  of  Mi  . si (/  in  liie  i-ise  of  this  tiidiiiic  bird;  but  Newton's 
explanation  of  the  word,  as  above,  is  undotibledly  correct.  %\i}(r  or  jaciicv  is  the  German 
for  hunter,  these  birds  being  habitual  hunters  and  plunderers  of  the  t;ulls  and  terns. 
The  name  was  originally  applieil  to  a  class  of  wild  huntsmen  who  lived  on  the  banks  of 
the  Rhine,  and  siipixirted  themselves  entirely  by  plunder  and  robbery. 

766.  S.  par-S-si'-tl-cus.     (!r.  vapaatTtKos,  I.at.  I'anisilinis,  jiarasitic  ;  Or.  irnpda-iTos,  T,af.  pani- 

s/'/Ks,  a  ])arasite,  frnni  jro^ja,  by  the  side  of,  and  (r?Tos,  fi''''"'.  fi""l  ;  liteially,  one  wlio  sits 
at  the  table  of  another;  as  we  should  say  now.  in  vidjrar  parlance,  a  "  frce-luneher," 
"  bunnner,"  "  dead-beat  "  ;  hence,  in  general,  iiiy  kind  of  a  hanger-on. 

767.  S.  biif-ffin'-i.     To  .lean  Louis  Le  Clerc,  Comjite  de  Biiffon,  the  famous  I'rcnch  panegyrist 

of  nature,  parlicidar  friend  of  Limueus,  who  wrote  a  gri'at  history  of  birds  wilh  the 
lielj)  of  the  Abbi'  de  Montbeillard,  and  caused  Daiibenton  to  prepare  the  celebrated 
lOOS  I'lanciies  KnlmnincVs. 

768.  L5r-ijs  glau'-cQs.     (Ir.  Kapos.  Lat.  /kivis,  a  gull.  —  Lat.  .'//i/kciis,  glaucous,  bluish,  7Aau/f(<i. 

iSce  (il'iiiriilnim,  Xo.  4Sb  (inll  is  suppost^d  to  be  named  for  its  gluttony,  from  ijiilo,  a, 
glutton  (v'/'ir,  the  gullet)  ;  M^-lsh,  i;icy/i((i ,-  Vr,  iinrJuiHt. 

769.  L.  leQ-cop'-ter-us.     Or.  \tvK69,  white,  and  irrfpov,  wing. 

770.  L.  glau-ces'-cens.     Lat.  (decidedly  i)ost-elassii')  iilniircxniis,  the  prc'-cnt  participle  of  a 

suppositious  inceptive  wrh  (/In iirrsm.  1  grow  bluish  ;  meaning  here  somewhat  bluish. 

771.  L.  ma-ri'-niis.     Lat.  mcnuK.s-,  marine ;  Hiu/v,  the  sea. 

772.  L.  ar-gen-ta'-tiis.     Lat.  <tiyriit<iliis,  silvered,  silver\';    the  participle  of  an   obsolete  verb 

(iriii)iti);  (iriidil  11)11,  silver,  money,  from  &pyvpot,  silver,  apyds,  white,  the  color  of  the 
metal.  One  writer  has  criticised  the  use  of  nnidiliitiis  to  denote  a  silvery  color,  arguing 
that  arijrntntm  would  mean  silvered  over,  silver-jilated,  or  frosted,  and  projiosed  to  sub- 
stitute some  other  derivative  of  iinjrnliim.  But  this  is  hypercritieism  ;  the  word  is 
more  apt  or  fit  for  the  bird  than  most  siiecific  names  are. 

773.  L.  a.  smIth-s6n-I-a'-ntSs.     To  the  Snntlisonian  Institution  ;  this  named  for  James  Smith> 

son,  illegitimate  sun  of  Hugh  Percy,  Uuke  of  Nurthuinburland. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOBTII  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


121 


774.  Larus  occidentalis  And.    b  cg2.  c  5476.  r  g64. 

Western  Herring  Gull, 

775.  Lams  cachinnans  Pall,    b  — .  c  — .  r  cot. 

Pallas's  Gull. 

776.  Lams  affinis  Reinh.    B  _.  c  -.  r  ecs.  (g.) 

Relnhardt's  Gull. 

777.  Lams  califomicus  Lawr.    b  cg3.  c  548a.  r  cg8. 

Californlan  Gull. 

778.  Lams  delawarensis  Orel,    b  6G4.  c  548.  r  gco. 

Ring.billetl  Gull. 

779.  Lams  canus  L.    b  — .  c  ~.  r  cti.  (!  e.) 

Mew  Gull. 

780.  Lams  brachyrhynchus  Rich,    b  ggs,  g73.  c  649.  r  cto 

American  Mew  Gull. 

781.  Lams  heormanni  Cass,    b  cgg.  c  55i.  r  673. 

White-headed  Gull. 

782.  Rissa  tridactyla  (L.)  Bp.    b  c72.  c  552.  r  658. 

Kittiwake  Gull. 


774. 
775. 


776. 

777. 
778. 
779. 

780. 

781. 
782. 


L.  5c-cid-en-ta'-IIs.    See  Dendmca,  No.  11.3. 

^'  S"«^i"r"^"''    '^"i  '"'':'""""''  '^"^'''""  inimodoratolv;  cachinno,  I  roar  with  In,mhtor- 
Gr.  ««xaC<-  or  ,ayxd(.,  of  .an.e  mcanin,..     Well  c.vprc  .ing  the  outcry  of  the  gull 

Bai^:v::.^:  cSgriv-atrS™  m "  °^^"^  ^"  '''-'''■  ^"^^  ^^  '■  ^-"^  «^ 

L.  af.fr-nls.    Lat.  nflhm,  allio.l ;  ad  an(l.A»/s.     See  Can,,vj/orf»p,chus,  Xo  (34 

Aot  in  the  orig.  e.l. ;  since  .Icformincd  to  bo  a  good  species;  North  American  onlv 

as  acculentally  Greenian.lic.     See  Heinh.,  Vid.  Medd  Xat.  For.  Kj^b./l853?p  S         ' 
L.  cal-I-for'-nl-cfls.    To  California. 

L.  d61-a-war-en'-sls.    To  the  State  of  Delaware ;  named  for  Lord  De  La  Ware. 
L.  ca'-nus.    Lat    can„s,  ashy,  hoary-gray.      Me.Iiately  derived  from  ^a!u,,  to  burn    con 

Bun.e,  the  root  here  seen  giving  rise  to  many  words,  as  dnere.,.,  k!,„,ic  &c 

IS-S  ,'!  T4     "1u  "'■    *^'"'''  '''^'^'^••'■'''"^"'  '"  '■"•'■■"»'  Labrador.     See  Saunders,  P.  Z.  S 
l>i>S,  p.  1/8,  an.l  Brewer,  Hull.  Xutt.  Club,  iii,  1878,  p.  50. 

L.  brach-y-rhynch'-Qs.     Gr,  ffpaxis,  short,  and  ^iyxos,  beak 

Invn^"^";"  ^\'  ^''"'^  ""  ""''  ^'"''''  ^'^•*-''"l"i"S  "'•^'.  a^^  good  species,  in  deference  to  recent 

Lr  rr, ;;;::  r" '"-"'  ^"" ''-  -^^'""^  °^  '^-'-^ '-  -  ^^^  -^^-  ^^-  '-- 

''■  ^"f  ;:';;tutl:;::;:  """"-^  '•  "'^^^"^"""'  ^'  ^""-'^^-i^'--  -•-  -"-''^•^  -ten. 

Tiiis  stands  in  the  orig.  ed.,  very  erroneously,  as  /..  hrkfari. 
Ris'-s5  trT-dac'-ty-15.    IHssa  or  ni>sa  U  tne  Icelandic  vernacular  name.  -  Lat.  trh  thrice 
nd  d„r>,l,.,    igit    whether  finger  or  toe:   Gr..  W...a„.     This  bird  has    h     hi       t  e' 

tit:rd7''^7'"%°"'^  ■''''  ''"'''''  digits.- A7«,«.„.e  is  an  old  Scotch  ZL 
iMis  species ;  perhaps  from  its  cry. 


JHii 


'!.; 


122 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEHTCAN  BIRDS. 


783.  Rissa  tridactyla  kotzebv       Hp.)  Coacs.    b — .  05520.  RC58a.  (?) 

Kotzebue's  Kittlwake. 

784.  Rissa  brevirostris  IJrandt.    B  G74,  C75.  c  553.  r  059. 

Short-billed  Kittiwako. 

785.  Pagophila  eburnea  (Gm.)  Kaup.    b  C7C,  c"7.  c  550.  r  c57. 

Ivory  Gull. 

786.  Chroicocephalus  atricilla  (L.)  Lawr.    B  fi07.  c  554.  R  G73. 

Laughing  Gull. 

78'        "roicocephalus  franklini  (Rich.)  Bnich.    v,  cos,  cod.  c  555.  r  c74. 

ii'ranklin's  Hosy  Gull. 

788.  Chrol'cocephalus  Philadelphia  (Ord)  Lawr.    b  G70.  b  scg.  r  c75. 

Bonaparte's  Rosy  Gull. 

789.  Rhodostethia  rosea  (Macg.)  Briich.    b  c78.  c  557.  R  g70. 

VVedge-tailcd  Gull. 

790.  Xema  sabinii  (Sab.)  Leach.    B  C80.  c  558.  R  C77. 

Fork-tailed  Gull. 

791.  Xema  furcata  (I'rov.  &  Dcs  Murs)  liriich.    B  G79.  c  659.  R  C78. 

Swallow-tailed  Gull. 

792.  Sterna  anglica  Mont.    B  osi.  c  sco.  R  079. 

Gull-billed  Tern;  Marsh  Tern. 


<  I 


783.  R.  t.  kSt-zC-bui'-I.    To  Otto  do  Kotzcbiic,  tlio  Russian  navigaJ^r. 

784.  R.  brg-vl-r5s'-tr!s.     Lit.  hrccis,  short,  anil  rostris,  pertaining  to  tlic  bill,  rostral;   from 

rontriitn. 

785.  Pa-gO'-pht-15  fi-bur'-nS-a.     f!r.  irir/o^,  ice,  and  <pl\os,  loved.  — Lat.  fhiirmn,  of  ivory,  like 

ivory  (in  wliiteness  or  liardncss)  ;  diir,  ivory  ;  directly  from  the  Sanscrit  word  for 
elephant. 

786.  Chro-I-ca-cSph'-5-lfls  a-trl-cil'-lS.     Gr.  xpa"«<55.  colored,  and  Ke(^oA^,  head.     This  word 

has  (liven  great  trouble  from  Kyton's,  the  founder's,  saying  it  was  from  KpoiKos,  there 
being  no  such  word.  Various  attemi)ts  to  derive  it  from  xpoia  or  XP"'".  f'"'  from  XP"^) 
Xpois,  color,  and  to  rectify  the  supposed  erroneous  orthography,  have  resulted  in 
kiolhin iilidliia,  rliriirdirjilidliis,  (■lir(>i<ifi/i/iiili(.i,  rliroorrjilidlus.  AVharton  has  shown  Kyton's 
original  orthography  to  he  correct,  lacking  only  the  diaeresis  over  the  /,  there  heing 
actually  such  an  adjective  as  xP'^""^f.  ""*  given  in  the  common  dictionaries.  (See 
Zoologist,  March,  1S78,  p.  — .)  —  Lat.  ulrlrilln,  black-tailed;  oidy  applicable  to  the 
young  bird.     See  Mofarilla,  No.  bG. 

787.  C.  frSnk'-lIn-i.    To  Sir  John  Franklin. 

788.  C.  phll-a-del'-phI-5.    To  the  City  of  Brotherly-Love.     See  r/,oM////»;.s,  No.  1 12. 

789.  Rhfi-d5-ste'-tht-a  r6s'-e-5.    Gr.  f)6Sov,  the  rose,  and  (rrrjdos,  the  breast ;  rose-breasted.  — 

Lat.  rns'-iis,  rosy. 

790.  Xe'-mS  sa-bln'-I-i.     AVmrMs  a  nonsense  word,  invented  by  Leach  :  it  is  sometimes  written 

zdiui.  —  To  Edward  Sabine,  l)y  his  brother. 

791.  X.  {ur-c5'-t5.     Lat. /urcafKS,  forked,  furcate,  bifurcate,  forficate;./)))-^^,  a  fork. 

792.  St6r'-n5  ang'-ll-cS.     Sterna  is  not  classic,  having  nothing  to  do  with  stiinws.  a  starling,  or 

with  sternum,  the  breast-bone,  or  slerno,  to  strew.    Agassiz  gives  the  latter  etymon,    It  is 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

793.  Sterna  caspia  Pall.    bc82.C5ci.rc80. 

Caspian  Tern. 

794.  Sterna  maxima  Bodd.    b  G83.  c  5G2.  r  csi. 

Cayenne  Tern  ;  Iloyal  Tern. 

795.  Sterna  elegans  Gurub.     b  csi.  c  oca.  r  c82. 

Elegant  Tern. 

'^QQ.   Sterna  cantiaca  Gm.    b  c85.  c  5C4.  r  g83. 

Sandwich  Tern. 

797.  Sterna  hirundo  L.    b  089.  c  5C5.  R  cse. 

Common  Tern  or  Sea  Swaiiow. 

798.  Sterna  forsteri  Nutt.    b  c8c,  coi.  c  5C6.  r  e85. 

Forster's  Tern. 

799.  Sterna  macrura  Naum.    c  coo,  C93.  c  5C7,  scs.  r  gst 

Arctic  Tern. 

800.  Sterna  dougalli  Mont,    b  C92.  c  oco.  r  C88. 

Roseate  Tern, 

801.  Sterna  superciliaris  antillarum  (Less.)  Coues     b  C94.  c  570  r  coo 

Least  Tern. 


123 


HP 

::  1;' 


III 


793. 
794. 

795. 

796. 

797. 
798. 

799. 
800. 

801 


a  Latinization,  perhaps  not  older  than  about  1523,  of  tlie  English  ,ern,  or  stern  or  stcme 
or  stn-n,  there  being  all  these,  and  other  old  forms  of  the  word  ;  Danish  Uvme  ' &c  We 
have  a  vague  impression  that  the  word  is  onon.atopocie,  fro.n  the  cry  of  the  bird  "  One 
o  the  na,nes  of  the  bird  is  the  Swiss  ^^clnunin;;.  Most  languages,  however,  have  a 
diUerent  set  of  words,  equivalent  to  our  sea-swallow;  as  Fr.  Hinmddle.de.»,er ;  Germ 
@cc>^d)anu!«c,  &c.  -  Lat.  w,,lka,  English;  Montagu  having  named  the  bird  after  a 
country  where  it  is  comparatively  seldom  seen. 

S.  cas'-pl-a.    To  the  Caspian  Sea. 

S.  max-I-ma.     Lat.  umximus,  superlative  degree  of  mafjnus,  large. 

This  is  .V.  ,r,j!a  of  the  orig.  ed.     We  are  now  willing  to  accept  Boddaert's  name. 

S.  e'-l6-gans.     See  Rnllm,  No.  073. 

Tills  is  S  ,,,,l,nc,,l,.,a  of  the  orig.  ed.    We  are  glad  to  return  to  the  orig.  name  of  this 
species,  which  II.  S.  lias  shown  to  be  not  r,aknadala  Lielit.,  as  S.  &  S.  hiul  it. 

S.  c5n-tl-a'-ca.     An  adjective  formed  from  Cantium,  a  place  in  Britain,  mentioned  by 
.luluis  Ca-sar;  now  Kent,  rngl.ind.  ' 


S.  hir-un'-do.     See  ///, 


No.  loO. 


S.  for'-ster-I     To  ,Joh;   .{einhold  Forster,  who  wrote,  among  many  other  things,  a  valuable 

account  of  Hudson  s  Bay  birds,  publislied  in  1772. 
S.  "lac-ru'-ra.     Or.  ^aHp6,,  long,  and  olpa,  tail.     The  word  is  often  written  monoum,  ami 

defensibly  so,  the  full  f.,,-,,,  l,„i„„  ,„acn.u,ra.     But  it  is  pe.missible  to  shorten  oou  into 

long  «,  as  we  habitually  do  in  I.  m-unm  for  hncoourus. 
S.  dou'-gal-li.    To  Dr.  McDougall,  of  Scotland. 

This  stands  as  S.  ,,nnulhea   Briinn.,  of  the  orig.  ed.      But  Briinniclrs  bird  being 

unquestionably  the  Arctic  Tern,  No.  709,  we  do  not  see  why  the  latter  should  not  be 

called  iS.  /mradisra. 

S.  sQp-er-cll-T-a'-rls.     Lat.  s„,,rraVnns  or  .s„prrdl!,w,s,  supercilious;  i.e.,  relating  to  the 
eye-brow,  supccdwm  ;  super  and  cilium.  a  hair ;  because  one  raises  the  eyebrows  in  cxpres- 


wr 


I 


m 


124 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


802.  Sterna  trudeaui  Aud.    b  g87.  c  671.  r  C84.  (is.  a.) 

Trudeau's  Tern. 

803.  Sterna  aleutica  Bd.    b  — .  c  672.  r  689. 

Aleutian  Tern. 

804.  Sterna  fuliginosa  Gin.    b  g88.  c  573.  r  coi. 

Sooty  Tern. 

805.  Sterna  anaesthetica  Scop,    b  — .  c  C74.  R  C02. 

Bridled  Tern. 

806.  Hydrochelidon  lariformis  (L.,  1758)  Coiios.    u  am.  c  575.  n  C93. 

Black  Tern. 

807.  Hydrochelidon  leucoptera  (Meisn.)  lioic.    b  — .  c  5756»s.  u  C94.  (!  e.) 

White-winged  Blaek  Tern. 

808.  Anotis  stolidus  (L.)  Gray.     B  C9G.  c  576.  u  695. 

Noddy  Tern. 

809.  Rhynchops  nigra  L.    b  697.  c  577.  R  65C. 

Black  Skimmer. 


i!  ' 


Hr 


•  ( 


Pllfi 


hi; 


sion  of  certain  omotions,  as,  surprise.  But  when  surprised  at  anything,  we  question  it, 
or  doubt  it,  and  tliis  implies  a  feeling  of  superiority  in  ourselves;  lience  luiuglitiness, 
loftiness,  even  disdain  and  scorn,  for  tlie  person  or  object  wliieli  nialves  us  siijierriliuus. 
Super  is  the  Gr.  imfp.  Cilium  is  tlie  eyelid,  before  transfi'rred  to  the  eyelashes  ;  it  is  tlio 
Greek  «i5Aa,  the  eyelids.  Cilia,  in  the  plural,  has  latterly  been  much  used  in  the  sciences 
for  any  sort  of  little  hairs  or  fringes,  or  Jldi/illa  ;  as,  ciliated  epithelium,  &c.  —  Lat.  antil- 
larian,  of  the  Antilles  ;  in  the  genitive  plural. 

802.    S.  tru-deau'-i.    To  Dr.  James  Trudeau,  of  Louisiana. 

Included  as  North  American  on  the  authority  of  Audubon. 
5-leu'-tI-c5.    To  the  Aleutian  Islands. 


803, 
804 
805 


806. 
807. 

808. 
809. 


S.  fii-li-gln-o'-sS.     See  Canacc,  No.  559. 

S.  Sn-aes-the'-tl-c5.  Gr.  itvaterOrtriKSs,  insensible,  unfeeling,  not  perceiving;  hence,  as 
applied  to  this  bird,  stupid,  foolish  ;  a  or  av,  privative,  and  oiVOtjtikc^j,  sensible,  &c. ; 
alaBiiais,  sensation,  perception,  feeling;  aurSivoixai,  I  perceive.  We  have  the  Englisli 
(csllulic  direct  from  the  Greek,  though  tiiis  has  experienced  a  refinement  of  meaning  the 
original  did  not  possess;  also  in  medicine,  aiiastlusia,  the  state  of  insensilwlity  jiroduced 
by  such  drugs  as  wther  or  chloroform,  called  from  their  proi)erty,  aiiasilidic.  The  word 
has  been  brutally  written  aiwslliata ;  amcslhcia  is  one  amendment  already  introduced,  and 
the  above  is  a  further  improvement. 

Hy-dro-chC-li'-don  lar-!-for'-mts.  Gr.  liSap,  water,  and  xf^'S"^",  fi  swallow,  i.  c.,  sea- 
swallow. —  Lat.  lail/oi-iiii.i,  gull-like,  shaped  like  a  gull:  lams  and/onna. 

H.  leii-cop'-t6-r5.     Gr.  \fVK6s,  white,  and  irrfpov,  wing. 

North  America  in  one  known  instance  (Wisconsin);   see  Brewer,  Am.  Nat.,  1874, 
p.  188. 

A'-n6-fls  stfil'-I-dQs.  Gr.  Avoos  or  Hvous,  literally  mindless,  unmindful  of  ;  a  j)rivative  and 
vovs,  the  mind,  intellect,  understanding.  It  is  applied  to  the  bird  as  exactly  equivalent 
to  stolidus,  or  nna-sthetica,  as  stolid,  apathetic,  insensible,  in  view  of  its  inditl'erenee  to 
the  presence  of  man.  —  Lat.  stolidus,  stolid;  related  to  stultiis,  foolish,  silly. 

Rhynch'-5ps  nlg'-r5.  Gr.  l>vyxo'< ''"'  beak,  and  iiij/,  the  face  ;  well  applied  to  a  bird  whose 
extraordinary  beak  is  such  a  prominent  feature.  —  Lat.  uijcr,  feminine  iilyra,  black. 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


Via 


810.  Diomedea  brachyura  Tcmm.    b  csi.  c  678.  R  701. 

Short-tailed  Albatross. 

811.  Diomedea  nigripes  And.    b  — .  c  r>79.  r  700.  ' 

Ulack-footed  Albatross. 

812.  PhcEbetria  fUliginosa  (Gm.)  Cones.    B  C33.  c  680,  R  703. 

Sooty  Albatross. 

813.  Ossifraga  gigantea  (Gm.)  Reich.    B  C34.  C58i.  R704.  (!) 

Giant  Fulmar. 

814.  Fulmarus  glacialis  (L.)  Stepb.    B  C35.  c  582.  U705. 

Kulmar. 

815.  Fulmarus  glacialis  pacificus  (Aiul.)  Coues.    b  g3o.  c  582a.  r  705a.  (?) 

Pacific  Fulmar. 

816.  Fulmarus  glacialis  rodgersi  (Cass.)  Coucs.    B — .  c  5826.  R  7056.  (?) 

Rotlgcrs's  Fulmar. 

817.  Priocella  tenuirostris  (Aud.)  Ruljr.    B  C37.  c  583.  R  70c.  (!) 

Slender-billed  Fulmar. 


'.,    SL'il- 


,  1874, 

Ivo  anil 
liviileiit 
Ijiic'C  to 

1  whose 


810.  DI-a-m€-de'-5  br5ch-y-u'-r5.    Lat.  Diomcdciis,  adjective  relating  to  IHomcdis  or  Aton-l)5ris, 

Jove-coiinsi'iied,  a  Grecian  Ihto  famous  at  the  siege  of  Troy  :  application  pr()l)ably 
fanciful.  Pliny's  Dioiiudetv,  arcs  were  birds  living  on  the  Island  Diomedea  in  the 
Adriatic.  —  Gr.  /Spoxui,  short,  and  oZpa,  tail. 

811.  D.  nlg'-rl-pes.     Lat.  niijcr,  black,  and/».s  foot. 

812.  Phoe  be'-trI-5  fQ-lI-gln-o'-sa.     Gr.  (potffriTpia,  a  prophetess,  soothsayer,  like  ipoi0d(rTp\a,, 

J' .alidstria,  another  genus  of  this  family  inventei!  by  Heiehenbaeli ;  tpot^dCw  is  to 
prophesy;  literally,  to  "play  Apollo"  with  oracular  utterances;  *(u0os,  I'hd  bus,  a 
synonym  of  Apollo.  These  words  arc  with  great  propriety  and  correct  .scnlimcut 
applied  to  albatrosses,  the  import  of  whose  weird  presaging  will  be  felt  by  one  who  reads 
Coleridge's  "  Antient  Mariner,"  or  himself  goes  down  the  deep  in  ships. 

813.  Os-sI'-frS-ga  gl-gan'-tg-S.     Lat.  (>,s-.s//;(('/i(.s',  bone-breaking,  from  rw,  genitive  oasis,  a  bone, 

and /riini/o,  I  break;  in  the  perfect,  /W'//,  partiei|)le./i'/(/i/.s-;  three  fo.ins  of  the  word 
repeated  in  Knglish  m fmnijihh', frwjilc, Jhwliiii :  tlie  Latin  digammated  from  Gr.  p-l^yvvfn; 
the  stem  here  seen  giving  an  immense  cro))  of  words.  —  Lat.  (//V/((»^  h.s,  gigiintic,  giant ; 
the  original  "  giants,"  (//(/(i/i/i.s-,  ri7o>'T€s,  were  a  race  of  Titans,  who  atlemptid  to  scale 
high  heaven;  they  were  thi^  sons  of  Tartarus  and  Earth;  but,  being  probably  illcuiii- 
niate,  took  the  name  of  their  mother;  "gigantic"  meaning  literally  "earth-born," 
yqyfvi)^;  y^l,  and  ylyvo/xat. 

Only  North  American  as  astray  on  the  high  sea. 

814.  Ful'-ma-rus  gl5-cl-a'-lls.    Fulmarus  is  arbitrary  Latinizotion  atfiilmnr,  which  is  said  to  be 

akin  Xo  fuUiiuirl,  Jhuliimrt,  ur  fmimni,  a  polecat ;  probably  {nim/mil  (dirty),  and  the  root 
of  the  word  murder  (Wharton's  MS.).  —  Glaciulis,  see  llardda,  No.  I'M. 

815.  F.  g.  pa-cl'-fl-ctls.     Sec  A northura, 'So.  17. 

816.  F.  g.  r6d'-g6r-sL    To  Commodore  John  Kodgers,  U.  S.  Navy. 

817.  PrI-6-cel'-la  t6n-Q-I-ros'-trTs.      Prion  l/it  wc  do  not  reeogni/e,  unless,  perhaps,  it  is  a 

frightful  concatenation  of  /V/oh  and  I'roidluriti,  two  well-known  genera  of  this  family. 
French  ornithologists  were  fre(iuently  guilty  of  such  atrocities;  see  F.mhrrnwira,  No.  311, 
for  example.  Agassiz  gives  it  as  /V/oii  and  I'rortlla.  Prion  is  the  (ir.  Trpioii',  a  saw,  from 
the  prominent  teeth  of  tlie  bill;   for  ProcdUiria,  see  below.  —  Lat.  tuwirustris,  slender- 


li* 


}\ 


lil 


.1,-; 


f\ 


'  1 

It  I 
I 


i 


12G 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOIiTII  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


if 


818.  Daptitim  capense  (L.)  Stcpb.    B639.  c  584.  r  719.  (!) 

Pintado  Petrel;  Cape  Pigeon. 

819.  CEstrelata  hcesitata  (Kuhl)  Coues.    B  638.  c  685.  R  7i7.  (!) 

Bluck-capped  Petrel.  [See  Ailileiida,  No.  887. 

820.  CEstrelata  bulweri  (Jard.  iJ^  Solb.)  Coues.     B  — .  c  — .  R  718.  (G.  !E.) 

Biilwcr'a  Petrel. 

821.  Halocyptena  microsoma  Coues.    b  — .  c  58C.  r  720. 

Least  Petrel. 

822.  Procellaria  pelagica  L.    b  c45.  c  587.  r  721. 

stormy  Petrel. 

823.  Cymochorea  leucorrhoa  (V.)  Coues.    b  C42.  c  g88.  r  723. 

Leach's  Petrel. 

billed;  tentd's,  slender,  slight;  more  literally  thin,  as  if  spread  out  thin;  from  tenuo,l 
make  thin,  dilute,  rarefy  ;  from  Gr.  rdvoi,  I  stretcli  out,  spread  out,  e.Ntend. 
The  bird  is  questionably  North  American,  unles,s  as  astray  on  the  high  sea. 

818.  Dap'-ti-um  c5p-en'-s6.    Gr.  Sarrnoi'  or  Sujttiov,  a  diminutive  of  Buttt?)*  or  Si^ttji,  a  diver. 

This  set  of  words  vary  in  the  vowels  in  diHerent  dictionaries,  and  nuiy  not  all  be  found ; 
compounds  of  them  are  seen  in  ornithology  in  eudi/pUn,  eiKli/tm,  &c.  They  are  all  from 
one  root.  The  above  is  almost  universally  written  ilajition,  but  in  transliteration  fi'iuii 
Greek  to  Latin  becomes  properly  ilujiflum. —  Capciisn,  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  which 
was  the  cape  in  those  days  ;  Cajmt  IJoiuv-S/wi,  as  it  was  calleil ;  cujmt,  head,  a  headland. 
—  "  Pintado  "  is  painted  ;  i.  c,  of  variegated  colors  ;  pimjo,  I  paint. 
Only  North  Amerii.'an  as  astray  on  the  high  sea. 

819.  Oes-tre'-la-ta  haes-I-ta'-tS.      Gr.  olarprjXaTos,  literall)',  goaded  on  by  a  gad-fly,  {i.e.,  a 

goad-fly),  oiarpos,  nxtnis,  as  cattle  are;  hence,  goaded  on  in  any  way,  as  these  wide- 
ranging  ocean  birds  seem  to  be  by  some  mysterio\is  inii)ulse  whic'h  drives  them  over  the 
waves.  The  latter  part  of  the  word,  -lata,  the  "  goaded  on  "  part  of  the  whole  idea,  is  from 
the  Gr.  i\avi/u),  I  urge  on,  drive. — Lat.  luesilala,  literally,  stuck  fast;  luisiln,  I  stick  fast, 
intensified  from  li<rirn,  I  hang  to,  cleave  to,  niVierc ;  in  a  tropical  sense,  I  hesitate;  the 
latter  is  the  application  in  this  case,  the  dcscribcr  of  the  bird  being  uncertain  about  it, 
and  therefore  liatiUiliiKi  to  name  it.  When  at  length  the  above  generic  and  specific 
terms  were  combined,  the  bird  was  jiiit  in  the  bad  way  of  a  stuck-fast  gad-about ! 
Only  North  American  as  astray  on  the  high  sea. 

820.  O.  bul'-wer-I.     To  Uulwer. 

Oidy  !North  American  as  a  straggler  to  Greenland.     See  Newton,  5Ian.  Nat.  Hist. 
Greenl.,  1875,  p.  108  ;  Freke,  Zoologist,  Septetnbcr,  1881,  p.  ;J78. 

B^l.  Hal-o-cyp-te'-na  mic-r6-so'-ma.  Gr.  fi\s,  genitive  oaJs,  the  salt  sea,  oiki^j,  swift,  TrrT/rJj, 
winged  — Gr.  /xtxpos,  small,  awfia,  body;  "the  sharp-winged  little  sea-body." 

823.  Pr6-cel-la'-rl-a  p6l-5'-gT-c3.  Lat.  proccUaria  or  prorellnsu,  stormy,  tenipestuotis,  relating 
to  storm  ;  proreUn,  a  storm.  —  Gr.  irf\ayiK6i,  pelagic,  relating  to  the  sea  ;  thoroughly 
Greek,  but  transliterable  into  Latin.  —  Petrel  is  commonly  fancied  to  be  a  diminutive 
of  I'eter,  Pitnix.  who  attempted  to  walk  on  the  sea  of  Galilee,  as  these  little  birds  seem 
to  be  continually  doing,  in  the  way  they  patter  over  the  ocean  waves;  but  there  are 
manv  forms  of  petrel,  as  petteril,  pctcrel,  lic,  and  the  word  may  bo  related  to  the  verb 
to  patter,  just  used. 

823,  C>^-m6-ch6r-e'-S  leu-cor'-rh6-S.  Gr.  Kv^a.  genitive  Kvnarot,  the  surging  billows,  and 
xopda  or  xop')"'  'i  choir,  a  dancing;  literally,  the  wave-dancers.  One  of  my  critics  has 
favored  me  with  an  excellent  reason   why,  according  to  his  faithful  dictionary,  the 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


127 


Hi: 


824,  Cymochorea  melaena  (Bp.)  Coues.    b  C43.  c  589.  ii  724. 

Black  Petrel. 

825.  Cymochorea  homochroa  Cones,    b  — .  c  590.  ii  725. 

Ashy  Potrel. 

828.  Oceanodroma  furcata  (Gm.)  Up,    b  g40.  c  591.  u  720. 
Fork-tailed  Petrel. 

827.  Oceanodroma  hornbyi  (Gr.)  Bp.    b  (i4i.  c  692.  r  727. 

Hornby's  Petrel. 

828.  Oceanites  oceanicus  (Kuhl)  Coues.     b  C44.  c  093.  r  722. 

Wilson's  Petrel. 

829.  Fregetta  grallaria  (V.)  Bp.    b  640.  c  594.  r  728.  (!) 

Lawrence's  Petrel. 

830.  Priofinus  melanurus  (Bonn.)  Ridg.     b  661.  c  595.  r  707.  (!) 

Black-talled  Sbeurwater. 


If- 


824. 
835. 
826. 

827. 
823. 

829. 


830. 


word  ougl.t  to  have  been  rymalochorrutes.  Wo  would  refer  liim  to  liis  dictionary  again 
for  certain  words  beginning  with  sync-  and  cu,,/,-.  The  stem  of  the  first  part  of  tiie  word 
IS  seen  ni  accunwiale,  to  roil  up;  of  the  second  in  rl,onl,  choir,  chord,  choresis,  or  chorea 
(bt.  Vitus's  dance),  &c.  — Gr.  \(vk6s,  white,  and  Sfi;,os,  tlie  rump. 

mei-ae'-n5.  Gr.  fi^\as,  feminine  /ue'Aoiva,  black.  The  orthography  introduced  by 
Bonaparte,  melanin,  requires  to  be  emended  as  above. 

C.  ha-mo'-chrd-a.      Gr.  dfiSs,  equal,  like,  and  xpcfa,  color;    in  allusion  to  the  unicolor 

Iiluinnge. 

6-c6-5n-6'-dr6-ma  fur-ca'-t5.  Gr.  'n^.arrff,  Oceanus,  the  divinity  of,  and  the  ocean 
Itself;  supposed  to  be  i/cJs,  swift,  an.l  „^u,,  I  flow.  See  Amnwdnimus,  No.  2.38,  and 
Jlildramtsm,  Xo.  0(50.—  Jm.  fmratiis,  forked ;  furca,  a  fork. 

O.  horn'-by-J.     To  Admiral  Hornby,  U.  N. 

0-c6-an-i'-tes  o-cg-an'-I-cQs.  Gr.  i«.aWT„,,  a  son  of  the  sea;  sprung  from  Oceanus. 
hoe  OccwMdromtt,  Xo.  820.—  Gr.  i,K(aviK6i.  oceanic. 

Fr6-get'-ta  gral-la'-rl-a.  Frcfjetta,  frcjcta,  frerjakt,  as  variously  spelled,  is  from  the  Ital. 
Jrc;iuU,,  Span.  ,/,v,,/„^,,  Ft.  fri'iiatc,  Eng.  _/ri;,„t,- ;  according  to  Diez,  the  Lat.  fahrirai,,  ■ 
orignuilly  applied  in  French  ornithology  to  the  bird  ealle.l  man-of-war,  Tnrhmlc's 
aqmlus;  applied  by  En-lish  ornithologists  about  KW  to  some  species  of  the  present 
family,  and  very  lately  taken  by  Bonaparte  for  a  generic  X,rm.- Gr„ll,r,  among  the 
Romans,  was  a  pair  of  stilts,  the  word  being  contracted  from  v'va/»/a.  tliis  from  ,ir„dm, 
a  step ;  and  the  Urallatorcs  were  people  who  acted  on  the  stage  on  stilts.  The  word  was' 
early  taken  in  ornithology  for  wading  bir.ls,  called  ./m//,.  or  ,ir,illatons,  from  their  length 
of  eg;  from  these  words  we  have  derived  the  Knglish  adjectives  ,,raUarial  and  ,jralh,U^ 
rml;jiM  .,r,dlana  is  an  obvious  easy  Latin  derivative,  though  probably  never  used  by 
the  Romans.  ^ 

Only  North  American  as  astray  on  the  liigh  sea. 
Pri-a'-nn-us  m61-5n-u'-ri3s.     Priofums,  unless  we  are  mistaken,  is  a  dreadful  concoction 
ol  prion  and  imfli„m,  by  the  same  victims  of  misapplied  ingenuity  who  gave  us  PriocM,  ■ 
see  this.  No.  817,  and  P,,(linu.,  next  below. -Gr.  /./a«s,  genitive  ^iXa.os,  black,  and 
uipa,  tail.  ' 

Only  North  American  as  astray  on  the  high  sea. 


FT 


I 

m 

•1 


!!■! 


k.-U 


i.ii;    •' 


iji  i' 

It    ; 


128 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NOIiTII  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


fSce  Addenda,  No.  888. 


831.  PufRnus  kuhli  (Boie)  Bp.    B — .  c  690.  R  708. 

Cinereous  Shearwater. 

832.  Puffinus  major  Fabcr.    n  047.  c  697.  u  709. 

Greater  Shearwater. 

833.  Puffinus  creatopus  Coop,    b  — .  c  698.  R  7io. 

Flesh-footed  Shcarvvutcr. 

834.  Puffinus  anglorum  Tt-mm.    B  C49.  c  599.  R711. 

Mauks  Shearwater. 

835.  Puffinus  obscurus  (Gni.)  V.    b  C50.  c  coo.  r  712. 

Dusky  Shearwater. 

836.  Puffinus  opisthomelas  Coues.    b  — .  c  601.  R  713. 

Black-vented  Shearwater. 

837.  Puffinus  fuliginosus  A.  Strickl.    B648.  c  602.  R714. 

Sooty  Shearwater. 


831.  PQf'-fTn-Qs  kuhl'-i.  Two  very  different  kinds  of  birds  early  received  tlic  name  of  pvffein 
or  pitj)iii:  one  of  these,  tl>e  Friitfiritlu  arctica,  lias  retained  it  in  Enjiiisli,  in  place  of  the 
old  Knglisii  cotiltcrncb  ("  plouglishare-nose  "),  which  soon  gave  way;  the  French  now 
call  it  mm-tmiix.  The  other,  namely,  the  shearwater,  soon  lost  the  name  of  pajfiii ;  but 
meanwhile  /»(///»  had  been  taken  into  the  books,  and,  at  the  pen  of  those  who  wrote 
their  treatises  in  Latin,  became  pntliniis  or  pujiliinus ;  and  this  was  subsequently  fixed 
as  a  generic  term  for  the  Shearwater  Petrels.  We  do  not  know  the  exact  meaning  of  the 
word,  but  suppose  it  has  something  to  do  with  puff,  as  suggested  by  the  stout,  "  puffy  " 
shape  of  the  bodies  of  the  Auks,  as  if  puffed  up.  —  Th^  sjjecies  is  dedicated  to  Dr.  Ilein- 
rich  Kuhl,  whose  early  death  left  much  promise  unfulfilled. 

833.    P.  m5'-j8r.    Lat.  major,  greater,  comparative  degree  of  moijinis,  great. 

833.  P.  cr6-at'-6-pQs.    Gr.  Kptas,  genitive  Kptaros.  flesh,  and  irovs,  foot ;    in  allusion  to  the 

color  of  the  feet.    AVe  see  the  same  stem  in  the  anatomical  term  pan-aras,  "  all-flesh." 

834.  P.  an-glo'-rQm.     "  Pujjfimis  amjlornm  "  is  a  curiosity.      It  simply  says  in  Latin  "  the  puffin 

of  the  Kngllsh,"  just  as  one  might  cite  rnjliiiiis  Jmis/oni,  the  puffin  of  Jonston's  treatise. 
Willughby,  edited  in  Latin  in  KiTO,  called  it  "  Puffinus  Anglorum,"  meaning  only  that  it 
was  the  bird  "  called  puffin  in  Knglish";  and  Temniinck,  in  18l!0,  not  unhappily  made 
the  piirase  generic  and  specific  as  the  technical  name  of  the  bird.  — ''  Mcniks  "  or  "  Mini.i: " 
is  the  name  of  the  people  and  of  their  language,  of  the  Isle  of  Man  ;  so  "  man.v  shear- 
water" is  as  if  we  were  to  say  "the  puffin  of  the  Isle  of  Man."  —  "  .Shearwater "  is 
defined  by  early  ornithologists  as  "avis  aqiue  supcrjiciem  rndens," —  the  bird  that  grazes, 
skims,  shaves,  shears  over  the  surface  of  the  water ;  rado,  I  shave,  scrape  ;  the  stem  is 
seen  in  erase,  rnznr,  &(r.     See  above,  Piijjhius,  No.  831. 

835     P.  ob-scu'-rus.    Lat.  'ohscurus,  dark-colored. 

NoTi:.  —  There  is  doubt  that  the  small  dark  shearwater  of  our  South  Atlantic  coast 
is  the  /'.  ohsriirus  of  Gmelin,  and  Finsch  has  latel}'  proposed  fo  call  it  P.  aiididinni.  But 
until  we  have  more  light  on  this  obscure  group,  we  prefer  not  to  disestablish  several  well- 
settled  names  in  this  genus.    See  Kidg.,  Pr.  Nat.  Mus.,  ii,  1880,  p.  12. 

836.  P.  5-pis-th8'-m8-15s.     Gr.  iJirio-fle,  backward,  and  /it\oi,  black ;  a  Greek  way  of  saying 

black  behind. 

Note.  —  This  is  supposed  by  some  to  be  Puffinus  gavia  (Forst.). 

837.  P.  fu-li-gln-o'-sfls.    See  Canace,  No.  559. 


VllKVK  LIST  OF  NOliTIl  AMI'lUCAN  JlinjJS. 


\-2d 


838.  Pufflnus  amaurosoma  Coiu's.    n  — .  c  f.on.  u  715. 

Spectral  .Slioarwatcr. 

839.  Pufflnus  tenuirostris  Tcmm.     n  — .  c  r.04.  u  7io. 

Slonilor-blllod  Shearwater. 

840.  Colymbus  torquatus  r.iiiim.     n  oits.  c.  cor.,  u  730. 

Ureat  Nurtlierii  Diver  or  Luon. 

841.  Colymbus  torquatus  adamsi  (CJr.)  Coiios.    n  — .  r  oor.n.  n  7W. 

Yelluw-billcd  Luon. 

842.  Colymlxis  arctictis  L.    n  (ii)!i.  c  coo.  it  7^8. 

ItlacU-throatcd  Diver. 

843.  Colymbus  arcticus  paciflcus  (Lawr.)  Couos.    B  700.  c  cooa.  R  739. 

Taeine  Itlaek-tliroated  Diver. 

844.  Colymbus  septentrionalis  L.     i!  701.  ccot.  u  7io. 

Kod-tliroiited  Diver. 

845.  iEchmophorus  occiclentalis  (Liuvr.)  Coiios.     n  701.  c  oos.  11729. 

M'estern  fJrebe. 

846.  -<Echmophorus  occiclentalis  clarki  (Lawr.)  Cones.    1170,-..  coosa.  11730. 

Clarlv's  (irobe, 

847.  Poclicipos  griseigena  holboelli  (Hoinh.)  Couos.     u  702.  c  cio.  i:  7;!i. 

Aineriran  Itod-ncelied  tirebo. 


the 
sli. 

piillin 

.'atise. 
hat  it 
iiuulo 
lanx  " 
shcnr- 
;er  "  is 
'razes, 
tein  is 


coast 

But 

1  well- 

jaying 


838.  P.  a-maQ-r6  so'-ma.     Or.  a.uai/po'j,  (hirk,  dini,  dusky,  and  (Tuua,  body. 

NoTi:.  —  'I'liis  is  |)ri)hal)ly  I'mr.  ijiisca  (\\\\.,  as  iield  by  Fiiuscii  and  Salvin. 

839.  P.  tgn-u-I-ros-trls.     Si'o  Pnordhi,  No.  817. 

840.  C3-lym'-bus  tor-qua'-tus.     The  I.iitin  i-nli/mlmn  U  simply  a  translitcrntion  from  tlie  Greek, 

and  has  nollnnL;  to  do,  notwilhslandinij  the  ^^reat  siinilarit}-,  wilii  thi'  jnirely  Latin 
culninliii.  a  diivc  ;  tlii'  lattur  htinu'  not  (iiei'k  at  all,  nor  tlio  I'orincr  Latin,  e.\ci'i)t  as 
directly  transftrrod  from  tlie  (ircek.  Tlie  two  words  are  consi'qtiently  not  related, 
unless  it  hi>  in  a  radical  manner;  Cor^'sen,  liowcviT,  considers  them  to  be  the  same.  (!r. 
Ki\vfx{ins  (ir  K«Ati/i|8is,  a  diver  or  swinnner;  KoAu,u/3aa),  I  dive,  swim.  The  koKv/j^h  of 
Arislotk'  was  a  species  of  ijrelie  {/'oilici/i/s).  —  I.at.  lon/iHitioi,  see  Asij)itli sinus,  No.  JoO. — 
"  Loon  "  is  an  old  Scolcli  word.     See  No.  874. 

841.  C.  t.  a'-dams-i.     To  Dr.  V.  H.  Adams,  of  the  British  Navy. 

842.  C.  arc'-tl-cus.     See  .S/.r'/d,  No.  2'.). 

843.  C.  a.  pa-cI'-fl-cQs.     See  Anorlhiini,  No.  77. 

844.  C.  sep-ten-tri-o-na'-lls.      Lat.  srpi,  nin'ounlis,  northern;  sriitritfrionrs,  the  nortli,  nortliern 

re^riiins  ;  si  jitim-trin,  tlie  constellation  of  the  Wain.     See  I'lirus,  No.  15. 

845.  Aech-m6'-ph6r-us  oc-cld-en-ta'-lis.     (Jr.  aix.u?'/,  a  spear,  and  </)op({5,  bearin.c;  in  allusion 

to  the  Ion;,',  sIcikUt.  sh.nrii  bill.  —  For  d't/iA  «////>,  see  Demh-acn,  No.  IF!. —  (Inhe  is  a 
French  word,  the  meaniiijj  of  which  we  do  not  know. 

846.  A.  o.  clark'-i.     To  J.  11.  Clark. 

847.  P6d-I'-cI-pes   grls-ei'-gSn-a   hSl'-bogl-li.      The    extraordinary    word    "podiceps"    has 

excited  much  curiosity,  and  slimiUaled  some  ingenious  surmises.  As  it  stands,  jiiulinps 
seems  to  he  the  (Jreek  irotJs,  genitive  vo56s,  foot,  and  the  Latin  termination  -rc/is.  lU^not- 
ing  head  ;  and  "  foot-head  "  it  has  doubtless  been  taken  to  be  by  many,  who,  if  tlilnkiii;: 
of  it  at  all,  have  felt  vaguely  tiiat  some  allusion  was  intended  to  the  bird's  sumertauliing 


'!' 


130 


P' 


I 


*    * 

1 

3 

*\ 

1    1*' 
'     1,1 

^ 

1     ,  i 

C//ffCA'  /J57'  OF  NOJtril  AMERICAN  BIIWS. 


848.  Podicipes  corniitus  (Cm.)  \a\W\.    w  im.  r  (in.  i;  732. 

Iluriicd  (iiri-l)**. 

849.  Poclicipes  aiiritus  (L.)  Lath,     ii  708.  c — .  ii  7:!;i.  (o.) 

lCiiro|)(>aii  10a roil  <Jrolio. 

850.  Poclicipes  auritus  californicus  (Ilocrm.)  Coiics.    b  707.  c  ri2.  n  ~"?>n, 

Aiiiorlcan  Karcd  <irt>I>o. 

851.  Podicipes  dominicus  (Ji.)  Lnth.    n  70Ha.  r  r.iM.  n  7.14. 

St.  DoiiiliiKu  CJrobo. 

852.  Podilymbus  podicipes  (L.)  Lawr.    117011.  v.i;u.  \x':\:,. 

l>le<l-bil!(><l  Orcbc;    I)ub-cliU-k. 

853.  Fratercula  corniculata  (Naum.)  Cray.    r.  71;?.  r  cm.  n  714. 

Horned  I'lilllii. 


ill  till' wntcr, —  uriiiii(?  "licola  over  lipad,"  lis  \vt' slinulil  <iay.  In  dcriviiifr  tlio  iinino  of 
till'  fainily  ol'  t^ri'.K's,  fioiiio  i'\iri(,iis  words  liavc  lii^cii  vi'iitiin-d  ;  iis  /'odirij.inir,  as  if  tlie 
pcnitivu  wtTc  imdirijils,  or  I'diliriiiiliiKf,  as  if  tiii'  gciiitivi'  won'  junUriiiilis.  Tlifn"  is  no 
doiilit  that  jHiilicijiK,  iukI  I'Vcrytliiiin:  diM'ivi'd  fi'oiii  it,  is  absurd.  Wu  liavf  not  traced  the 
word  liaik  of  IT.'ilS,  when  it  |iri)hahly  orijiinatttl  in  a  pispriiit.  (ioiiin  liaciv  furlhi'r  in 
the  aiiiiais  of  oriiitliolotjy,  we  soon  eoine  upon  the  word  iii  its  jjrojier  foriii,  \\7,.,  juidiripts, 
oecurrhi^'  iipeincdiy  in  Wiiiiifildiy  and  various  writers  of  alioiit  lliat  inriod.  'I'lie  word 
is  the  I.aliii  junlrx,  tjenitive  yyoi/Zr/.s,  the  riiui]),  l)Utti)eks,  and  pis,  foot  ;  lieiii};  siniiily  a 
transhiiion  into  .atiii  of  a  very  vui^ar  Iliijilisli  name,  llaviiip;  crystallized  in  the  shape 
of  iKiilln  jis,  \>y  Latham's  employ  of  the  word  as  a  fieneric  term,  ami  then  liceii  used  for  a 
century,  it  will  not  he  easy  to  eradicate;  imt  the  attempt  should  lie  made  to  subslitute 
the  jiroper  /("//(■//«>•.  The  genitive  of  this  is  podin'iKili.t,  and  the  family  name  should  he 
I'<idi<ip< dii/ir.  —  Lilt,  ip'iniiis,  i^ray  :  i/iiin,  eheek. 

Xoii:. — There  is  no  technical  reason  or  excuse  for  iisinp  tlio  word  at  all.  For 
Ciili/iiiliii!<,  lirisson,  IT'in,  is  the  jiroper  name  for  the  jxeniis  of  grebes,  haviiij;  meant 
("irebe,  not  Loon,  from  the  time  of  Aristotle  to  that  of  Limueiis,  when  the  latter  used  it 
for  loons  and  urebes  indiscriminatel)'.  'I'he  loons  were  calU'd  .l/"'/«.v  by  IJrisson  ;  and 
J\iidi/I's,  IJlJLrer,  ISll,  seems  to  be  the  teiiabk'  Lri'Ueric  name  for  llieiii. 
P.  cor-nu'-tus.  Lat.  rornulus,  horned;  runni,  a  born;  in  reference  to  the  tufts  of  feathers 
on  the  head. 

P.  aiir-i-tias.     Lat.  (viritns,  eared;  oioi'.s,  an  ear;  Or.  o5i,  penilivc  wtAs,  ear;  in  allusion 
to  the  auricular  tufts  of  feathers. 

•til  American  as  occurring  in  Greenland. 


848. 
849. 

850. 
851. 
653. 


Not  in  the  orif?.  ed.     ( ^\\\y  North  American  a 
P.  cal-I-for'-nT-cus.     To  f'alifornia. 
P.  ddm-ln'-i-cijs.     To  the  Island  of  St.  L)omin.co. 


Sec  Dcndnrcn,  No.  1'JO. 


P6d-I-lym'-bus  pfid-I'-cT-pes.      The  word  padl/i/nihim,  sometimes   airtrravatcd   into  pndij- 
limliiis,  is  a  iicculiarly  villaiKUis  miscegenation  of  ii<}di\rips  and  cdlli/iiibiis  ;  see  the  latter 


word.  No.  J<li\  iiud  /'( 


•'/" 


No.  HIT. 


853.    Fra-ter'-cii-la  c6r-nl-c\jl-a'-ta. 


Frulrrodii  "  is 


iilar  word,  the  apjilication  of  wliieli 


to  this  bird  is  not  (divious,  and  the  form  of  wliich  seems  absurd:  a  r'liiiiidnr  noun  m(>aii- 


ing 


ittle  lirother.' 


rriitircnins 


is  a  projier  classical 


•d,  a   diminutive   of  fi<it( 


brother.     l?ut  there  is  no  larger  bird  sufflciently  near  this  s]ii 
called  the  "little  brother."      Fnilt renin  in   ornithological  writii 


for  the  latter  to  be 
j   iniicli   older  than 


1700,  when  Brisson  made  a  genus  of  it,  and  we  are  inclined  to  think  Uiat  it  is  humorously 
used  ;  all  the  more  so  by  being  made  feminine,  in  the  same  spirit  that  proinjited  the 
comic  writer  I'lautiis  to  invent  the  verb  //v//(,v»/",  as  lie  did  sm-mw,  to  signalize  the 
swellings  of  the  breasts  of  boys,  like  <(iVH-brotliers,  at  puberty.    If  there  be  anything  in 


T  ■ 


M 


CHECK  LIST  OF  SOUTH  AMElilCAN  lilltDS. 

854.  Fratercula  arctica  (I..)  Stcpli.    u  na.  c  ois.  ii  743. 

('oiiiiiioii  riilllii ;  Sea  I'liri-ot. 

855.  Fratercula  arctica  glacialis  (Lcaeli)  Couos.    13714.  c  oisa.  u  743a. 

Lai-KO-billtMl  I'lilUii. 

850.   Fratercvila  cirrata  (I'all.)  Stq)Ii.     n  til',  7i(i.  v  (iio.  1: 7.15. 

Turted  I'lilUii. 

857.  Ceratorhina  monocerata  (I'all.)  Cass.     11 717, 718.  (,•  0-0.  u  7i(i. 

IIorn-bllltMl  Auk. 

858.  Simorhynchus  psittaculus  (I'all.)  Sdil.     n  7'."r..  ('(!-i.  1:747. 

rarroiiiict  Auk. 

859.  Simorhynclnis  cristatellus  (I'all.)  Morr.    u  7ii»,  7::o.  c  g-_>.  li  748. 

Crested  Auk. 

860.  Simorhynchus  pygmaeus  (Cm.)  Ridg.     »  vi\.  0  c-iw.  n  74<). 

M'liiMkcred  Auk. 

861.  Simorhynchus  pusillus  (I'all.)  Coucs.     i!  7l'i:,  712:1.  c  (i-i.  11  7.-50. 

Knob-hUlcd  Auk. 

862.  Ptychorhamphus  aleuticus  (I'all.)  IJrcU.     ii  vn.  c  0-5.  11  751. 

Aleutian  Auk. 


181 


\ 


854. 
855. 
853. 

857. 


858. 


859. 
860. 


861. 
862. 


this,  tlR.  api.li,.ation  of  tl,e  word  to  tla^  hinls  is  to  he  sou-lit  in  thoir  stout  puiT:)  shiip,. 
that  wiiR'ii  apprais  to  havo  caiLsfd  the  English  word  /»////».    .See  /'/////h»,s,  No.  HVA  —  \mI 
conm:nl„Ui,  hoinid,  a  din.inutivc  of  ronml,i.:  referring  to  the  aeul..  epidermal  process  oa 
tlie  upper  eyelid,  whleh  is  deciduous,  huing  shed  like  the  liorns  of  duer. 
F.  arc'-tl-c5.     iSeo  Sktliu,  No.  21). 
F.  a.  gla-cl-a'-lls.     See  Ilaiddu,  So.  7l'8. 
F.  cir-ra'-ta.      Lat.  drratiis  or  cinhah,.^,  having  eiirlcd  locks,  or  ringlets,  eurly-lmired  • 

cirrus  or  cirrl,,,.^,  a  curl  of  hair  ;  well  applied  to  this  oddly  feather-tufted  hird. 
C6r-at-6-rhi'-na  m6-n6-cer-a'-ta.     (ir.  „^pa!.  genitive  K.'paro,,  a  horn,  and  pis,  genitive 
/S.i/ds,  the  nose;    alluding  to  the  pn.ini.unt  deeiduous  horn  which  grows  ni.  from   the 
base  of  the  hill,  over  the  nostrils.  -  (ir.  ^^Voj,  only,  alone,  single,  transliterated  as  Lut 
mono-,  in  composition,  and  K^pa,,  horn.  Latinized  as  ciVas,  caui;,,  whence  ."i  adjective 
form,  ccraliis,  horni'd;  that  is,  unicorn,  one-horned. 
Si-ma-rhyn'-chijs  psit-ta'-cfl-lijs.     Or.  ,r,^<,'i,  tlat-noscd,  snub-nosed,  like  the  negro  ;  ^liyxos. 
beak;  well  apjilied  to  these  birds,  wlio.se  bills  are  singularly  s'^aped.     The  same  idea  i.s 
expressed  in  the   Latin  simia,  an   ape,  whence  our  English  .s/,„/„„,  beconu^  a  common 
word  since   Darwinism  has  been  so  much  discussed. -Lut.  /.^ittaculus,  a  little  parrot 
dnninutiveof  yi.s7',7,(n(,<.     See  iSitla,  No.  57.  ' 

S.  cris-ta-tel'-lus.     Lat,  diminutive  of  rn's/()(»s,  crested. 
S.  pyg-mae'-tjs.     See  s;i/„,  Xo.  t',\. 

This  is  .^•.  .7,/„/.sr/m/;,»s  of  the  orig.  cd. ;  but  Alra  pyijiiuta  Gm.  is  based  on  the  younc 
of  the  same  si)ecies,  called  ,S'.  cuasini  by  Coues. 
S.  pus-n'-liis.     See  Sllln,  No.  00. 
Pty-ch6-rham'-phus  a-leij'-tl-cus.     G 


be 


Ik  ;   wel 


is  known  of  other 
will  be  found  to  gro 


r.  TTil  genitive  Trrvxis.  a  fold,  and  pdfi<pos,  th 
iihng  to  the  wriidded  covering  of  the  bill;  which,  l)y  analogy  with  wl 


Kit 

species,  may  be  taketi  as  an  indication  that  the  soft  i)art  concerned 
some  kind  of  e.xcresceiK 


of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  —  the  country  of  the  people  culled  AleuL 


•c,  not  yet  discovered. —  Lat.  akudc 


ia  .  1 

i 


!i!'ii 


!!,    :Ft  ::1 


132 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


863.  Alio  nigricans  Link.    B  738.  c  020.  R  753. 

Soa  Dove;  Dovekle. 

864.  Synthliborhaniphus  antiquus  (Gm.)  Cotics.    B  73c.  c  027.  R753. 

Black-tliroatcd  Auk. 

865.  Synthliboramphns  umizusume  (Toium.)  Coues.     B  737.  c  C28.  u  754. 

Tcmmiiiok's  Auk. 

863.   Brachyrhamphus  marmoratus  (Gm.)  Brdt.    c  732,  733.  c  020.  u  75r). 

31arbled  Murrclet. 

867.  Brachyrhamphus  kittlitzi  Brdt.    B  735.  c  G30.  R  756. 

Kittlitz's  Murrclet. 

868.  Brachyrhamphns  hypoleucus  Xant.    B  — .  c  — .  R  757. 

Wliite-belllcd  Murrelet. 

869.  Brachyrhamphus  craverii  (Salvad.)  Coucs.    B  — .  c  — .  R  758.  (?) 

Craveri's  Murrelet. 

870.  Brachyrhamphus  brachypterus  Brdt.     b  734.  c  — .  R  759.  (?) 

Short-winged  31urrelet. 

863.  Al'-lS  nlg'-ri-cans.     AUc  is  a  local  dosigtiiition  of  this  species  and  of  Vria  grtjUe.    Its  mcan- 

iiij;  wc  do  noi  know.     It  was  loiij;  tiio  siiccific!  nanu'  of  the  hinl,  taken  for  tlie  generic 
by  Link  in  ISOO.  —  Lat.  tiiijriaiiin,  present  parti('ii)le  of  a  supposed  verh  iiif/ricu,  equivalent 
to  iiii/resro,  I  jj;ro\v  black,  am  blackisli. 

Tills  stands  In  the  orlg.  ed.  as  Mayiilns  alio :  for  the  reason  of  the  change,  see  Coues, 
Bull.  Xutt.  Club,  iv,  187'J,  p.  211. 

864.  Syn-thll-bo-rham'-phfls  an-ti'-qQ-Cs.     C<r.  (rvvO\if}ai,  I  compress;  o-vy,  with,  and  OKifio), 

I  press  ;  (ia.fi.(poi,  beak.  —  Lat.  uiitli/iiiis,  antiiiue,  ancient  ;  with  refi'renee  to  tlie  gray  of 
the  head,  like  an  old  man's.  Anlitiiois  Is  simply  for  niitlniKs,  tins  a  form  of  diilinis,  from 
ante,  bef(n'e ;  one  having  retained  the  idea  of  being  before  In  space,  that  Is,  in  front  of, 
the  other  having  acquired  the  idea  of  priority  In  time,  like  didra ;  the  opjiosition  in 
either  c.-'se  is  with  jiosf,  poslcti,  behind,  after. 

865.  S.  Q-ml-zu'-sfl-me.      This    ap])alling  word   we    know  nothing   about   exeei)t  that  it  is 

transliterated  from  the  .Taiianese,  V'emmlnek  having  described  the  si)ecles  from  that 
country  ;  "  son  nom  japonais  est  irumiziisiiiiif,"  he  says.     We  drop  the  w. 

866.  Brach-y-rham'-ph»is   mar-mS-ra'-tQs.     (ir. /Spoxyy.  short,  and /5aM<por,  beak.  —  Lat.  mar- 

mnrotiis,  marbled  ;  imirmor,  marble;  in  allusion  to  the  veined  and  clouded  color.  Marmnr 
is  the  Or.  fidpixapos,  from  fiapfialpo).  I  shine,  glitter,  sparkle,  as  did  the  beautiful  white 
stone  which  I'ra.xltelcs  carved.  —  Miimirt  is  a.  word  coined  by  Coues  in  18(J8  as  a  dimin- 
utive of  iiiiirir,  like  n'ritld.  from  river. 

807.    B.  kUt'-lItz-I.     To  !•'.  II.  von  Kittlitz,  traveller  and  naturalist. 

868.  B.  hyp-a-leu'-cfls.     Or.  iiru,  under,  and  \evK6s,  wlnte,  meaning  neither  whitish  nor  under 

the  wliitc,  but  white  nnderneatii. 

Not  In  the  orlg.  ed. ;  since  recognized  as  probably  valid. 

869.  B.  cra-ve'-rt-i.     To  Sig.  Fcderico  Craveri. 

Xot  In  the  orlg.  ed.  ;  since  recognized  as  jierhaps  distinct. 

870.  B.  bra-chyp'-tg-rQs.     dr. /Spaxi's,  sliort,  atid  TrTf'poi',  wing. 

Not  In  the  orlg.  ed.     (Since  recognized  by  Kidgway.    Paciflc  Const. 


% 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMEBICAN  BIRDS. 


871.  Uria  grylle  (L.)  Briinn.    b  720.  c  «3i.  r  76O. 

Black  Guillemot;  Sea  Pigeon. 

872.  Uria  columba  (Pall.)  Cass,     b  727.  c  002.  li  76i. 

Pigeon  Guillemot. 

873.  Uria  carbo  (Pall.)  P,nlt.    b  728.  c  G33.  r  702. 

Sooty  Guillemot. 

874.  Lomvia  troile  (L.)  Bidt.    b  729,  730.  c  634.  R  763. 

Common  Guillemot;  Murre. 

875.  Lomvia  troile  californica  (Brj.)  Coucs.    b  — .  c  - 

California  Guillemot. 

876.  Loinvi£',  arra  (Pall.)  Coucs.     B  731.  c  G35.  R  7G4,  764a. 

Tliick-billed  Guillemot. 

877.  Utamania  torda  (L.)  Lcacb.    b  711.  c  gi6.  r  742. 

Razor-billed  Auk. 

878.  Alca  impennis  L.    b  710.  c  615.  r  741. 

Great  Auk. 


133 


R  763a.   (?) 


871. 


872. 
873. 
874. 


U  -rt-a  gryl  -  e.  Gesner  and  others  state  tliat  oip^a  Is  tl.o  Greek  name  of  a  guillemot 
or  so.ne  otl.er  water  birj.  Uria  occurs  all  through  ornitholo,^-  from  Gesner  and  wa.J 
n,a,le  a  genus  by  Br.sson  in  17(iO.  The  n.eaning  we  do  not  know;  perhaps  akin  to 
ru.nun,  Skr.  nan,  water.  -  OV/.  is  said  to  be  from  Gr.  yp.KXi(.,  I  grunt;  the  bird  has 
been  ealle.l  ^ibdans  by  some  ;  but  ,jrisla  and  nrylle  are  X.  European  names. 

U.  c61-um'-ba.     Lat.  a,lumb„,  a  pigeon,  applied  in  the  same  way  that  we  call  the  bird 
sea-pigeon     ni  English. 

U.  car-bo.  Eat.  ™w,„,  a  coal,  .harcoal ;  here  used  in  allusion  to  the  uniformly  sooty 
color,  as  if  the  bird  were  cliarred.  ^  -^ 

Lom'-vl-a  tro-i'-le.  Lnnuria  and  hmria  are  two  of  many  forms  in  which  is  found  spelled 
he  ^..macular  name  of  the  bird,  in  Scotch.  Fa,roese,  and  related  languages;  as  Dan 

La  e.  by  Brandt  for  the  generic  name.  -  Troik,  on  the  contrary,  may  be  of  classic  origin 
Troilus  benig  the  son  of  I'riam  ;  also  u..ed  as  synonymous  with  Trojan  ;  applicatio,:  i^ 

:^,r"''  ;^  '::;:r.'^ '?':  j-r^^r  "^"-^'y  -^  -""i""-"t  toT.".^,  t..  ic^ 


875, 
876. 


lander."    Briiimich  wrote  it  Tmille  in  17(j"|  (Om.  Bor.'  p. 


877. 


878, 


L.  t.  cal-t-for'-nl-ca. 

A'ot  in  tile  oi'ij; 


')• 


Pertaining  to  the  State  of  California. 
.     I'd.     Since  recognized  by  Uidgway. 

^'  uuf^'-  !f:  '"''",  '"■  '"■'''"'  "■■■"  l""-^'''"^^'-i"""^T.  "r  a  pledge  in  earnest  of  a  contract 

n     .lught  have  been  applied  by  Pallas  to  a  bird  in  such  deman.l  by  the  native!;    s  to 

serve  as  a  sort  of  umt  or  standard  of  exchange  in  barter.     '■  Salcrne  savs  the  gr.at  blue 

!w;:;n;i.-Mssy'""' ''•'■'"  "^'•"" ""— "-  '~-^'  to-ti.  sc;.pairo;:^ 

U-ta-man'-I-5  tor'-da.  Both  these  words  are  nu.re  Eatini.ations  of  vernacular  names 
Lx.nun.a  or  uU,n„n,>a  was  in  tl...  bird-books  long  before  Eeaeh  n.ade  a  genus  of  it  an.l 
so  was  /o,v/  or  tor.h„u/r.    We  do  not  know  what  these  words  tnean,  further  than  that  th  .y 

ZbinJ'r/"""".      •'">;,  ^"^-^   '«^"-  I'l'^'  P'  11")^    "Ad  litora  Creta.  h.venitu;; 
Huligenis    Utamania    dicta. 

Al'-ca  im-pen'-nls.  A/m  is  not  classic,  being  merely  a  Eatini.ation  of  ,he  vernacular 
i.ame,  found  in  several  different  forms,  as  alk,  alrL;  alka,  auk,  au-k.     The  third  of  these 


y: 


f 


i 


Is 


134  CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

is  found  in  the  old  treatises  written  in  Latin,  and  tlie  change  to  alca  is  of  course  imma- 
terial. The  meaning  of  tiie  word  is  in  question.  The  form  awk  (wliich  wc  observe  some 
late  English  scholars  use)  might  suggest  a  relationsliip  vvitii  iticLward,  in  view  of  these 
ungainly  fowl ;  but  awkward  means  simply  left-iianded.  tiuite  probably  alL  is  related, 
and  not  distantly,  to  elk,  the  bird  and  the  beast  being  the  largest,  or  most  notable,  or 
most  prevailing  animals  of  thuir  respective  kinds  in  the  considi'iation  of  tiie  jjcople. 
But  (dk  is  in  Latin  ulce  (quite  like  ((/(</),  and  this  is  uniform  willi  the  Greek  a\KTi,  mean- 
ing strength,  prowess;  one  of  the  names  of  Hercules,  for  example,  being  derived  ti.ero 
from.  The  probability  tliat  alk,  dk,  alee,  and  dA.Ki)  are  radically  if  not  still  more  closely 
related,  is  heightened  by  the  other  vernacular  names  of  this  bird,  (jair-Jhwl ,  ijoir-fui/rl,  &c., 
these  qualifying  prefixes  being  similar  to  tliose  seen  in  yerfalivn,  and  recognized  by 
Steenstrup  in  inventing  his  genus  Gymlca,  the  idea  of  size,  strength,  or  other  jjrcdomi- 
nance  being  evident.  If  this  be  so,  the  (ilk,  the  6\(;c-fowi,  is  the  fowl,  par  ixcelliucc,  as 
elk,  alee,  is  the  great  beast,  as  6\c-falco  is  the  falcon  ;  with  the  implication  of  some  honor 
or  special  esteem.  Wc  are  thus  led  directly  to  HiemjUlco,  whicli  see,  No.  iOS.  —  Lat. 
impcnnis,  fcatherless,  i.  e.,  wingless,  with  reference  to  the  diminutive  wings,  unfit  for 
flight;  iM,  negative,  and /wn»a,  a  feather. 

Though  the  Great  Auk  is  extinct  in  North  America,  and  has  doubtle  "  disappeared 
from  the  face  of  tlie  earth,  we  still  keep  the  place  in  memoriam  of  this  "mov  honourable 
and  antient  fowle." 


I.' 


ADDENDA. 


1. 


The  foregoing  list  of  878  names  agrees  with  the  analysis  of  tiio  original  and  of 
tJi','  i)resent  edition  of  the  Ciieck  List:  778  -  10  +  110  =  878.*  r„it  hi  tlie  course 
of  tlic  year  during  whicli  tills  edition  has  been  printing,  the  following  ten  addi- 
tions to  the  bird-fauna  of  North  America  have  been  announced: 


879.   Parus  meridionalis  Scl.    b  292.  c .  r  43. 

Mexican  Titmouse. 

830.  Myiarchus  crinitus  cooperi  (Bd.)  Coues.    B  133.  c 

Mexican  Great-creste;!  Flycatclier. 

831.  Antrostomns  vociferus  arizonae  Brewst.     B  — .  c 

Arizona  WhippoorwiH. 

832.  Buteo  brachyurus  V.     b  _.  c  — .  r  _.  (tg.  a.) 

Sliort-tailea  Buzzard. 


-.  R  311. 
-.  R  — . 


■ii. 

'■■}.. 


879.  Pa'-rQs  mg-rl-dl-o-nr-lls.     Lat.   mcrul!ona!;s,  southorn,  southerly;   for   meruiMS,  from 

nil  ru/irs,  iiuddny,  noon.  ^ 

Not  in  the  orifT.  chI.     Si„-^o  ns.Trtaincnl  to  occur  in  Arizona.    Brewst.,  Bull.  Xutt. 
t  !iil>,  VI,  No.  4,  October,  1S81,  p.  2.j2. 

880.  Myi-ar'-chus  cri-nl'-tiJs  coo'-pSr-i.     To  AVilliani  (^,opor. 

Xot  in  tlie  ori-.  e,l.     Since  ascertained  to  occur  in  Arizona.     15rewst.,  Cull.  Kutt 
Clul),  vi,  N'o.  4,  Octolier,  18.S1,  p.  2r'2. 

881.  An-tro'-sta-mus  vo-ci'-f6r-fis  a-rl-zo'-nae.     '('.,  ;!„■  Terr-forv  >.f  Arizona. 

Xot  in  the  orifT.  e,l.     Since  d.  perilled  from  Arizona,     iirewst.,  Bull.  Xutt.  Club  vi 
Xo.  2,  Ap-il,  1881,  p.  Oi), 

882.  Bu'-te-o  br5-chy-Q'-rQs.    Or.  ffpaxi^,  short,  and  o7'pa.  tail. 

Xot  in  the  oriff.  ed.     Since  ascertained  to  occur  in  Florida.     Sec  Ridg.,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Club,  VI,  \o.  4,  October,  1881,  p.  210. 

*  The  stereotyped  plates  of  the  introductory  padres,  indicating  878  names,  with  110  additions 
nave  been  punclied  to  give  the  total  of  888  with  120  additions. 


136 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMFRICAN  PTEDS. 


833.   Buteo  fuliginosus  Scl.    b  — ,  c  — .  u  — .  (!s.  a.)  (?) 

Sooty  Buzzard. 

884.  Eurynorhynchus  pygmseus  (L.)  Pearson,     n  — .  c  — .  R 

Spoon-billed  Sandpiper. 

885.  Fulica  atra  L.     n  — ,  v  — .  u  — .  (g.) 

European  Coot. 

836.  Fuligula  ruflna  (Pall.)  Stoph.    n —.  c —.  ii  — .  (!E.) 

Rufous-crested  Duck, 

887.  CEstrelata  gularis  (Peale)  Brewst.     B  — .  c  — .  u  — .  (!) 

Oular  Petrel. 

888.  Pufflnus  borealis  Cory.     B  — .  c  — .  R  — .  (?) 

Northern  Sbearwater. 


-.  (!A.) 


883. 


884. 


885. 


886. 


887. 


888. 


B.  fu-lI-gTn-o'-sQs.    JjHt.  fii!i(jinosiis,  sooty,  of  a  dark  sooty  color;  fuli'go,  soot. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  Since  ascertained  to  occur  in  I'"lorida  (if  really  distinct  from 
B.  brac/iiju.us).     Sec  Ridg.,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  vi.  No.  4,  October,  1881,  p.  -212. 

Eu-ry-n6-rhyn'-chfls  pyg-mae'-Qs.  (ir.  tvpivu  I  dilate,  widen,  spread  out ;  from  fvp\'i%, 
broad;  and  jivyxos,  beak.  It  is  found  s|)eiled  in  many  dillerent  ways;  often  iitiin-  or 
eurhiii;  as  if  supposed  to  be  eS  and  ^I'j  or  piv,  the  nose.  —  See  Sitln,  No.  (il. 

Not  in  the  orig.  cd.  of  the  Check  List.  Since  given  by  Ridgway  as  occurring  at  I'oint 
Barrow,  Arctic  coast  of  Alaska,  in  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mi;s.,  No.  21,  1881,  p.  85.  We 
are  informed  that  the  alleged  occurrence  is  questionable. 

FQl'-I-cS  a'-tra.     Lat.  airr,  atra,  atrnm,  black. 

Not  in  tlie  orig.  ed.  of  the  Check  List.  Since  reported  to  liavc  been  obtained  in 
Greenland  in  1870.  See  Ridg.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  21,  1881,  p.  So,  and  Fi'eke, 
Zoologist,  September,  1881,  p  37-1. 

FiSl-Ig'-ti-la  ru-fi'-na.  Late  Lat.  nijhiun,  reddened,  reddish,  formed  from  m/us,  of  same 
meaning. 

Not  in  the  orig.  cd.  of  the  Check  List.  Specimen  said  to  liave  been  procured 
in  Fulton  Market,  New  York,  February,  1872,  and  to  be  now  in  the  Nat.  Mus.  at  Wash- 
ington. Ridg.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  21,  1881,  p.  So;  Allen,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  vi, 
1881,  p.  173. 

Oes-tre'-la-t5  gQl-a'-rls.     Lat.  rjulan's,  pertaining  to  ffttla,  the  throat. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  Since  asccrlaiiu  il  to  occur  in  New  York.  See  Brewst.,  Bull. 
Nutt.  Club,  vi,  No.  2,  April,  1881,  p.  04. 

Only  North  American  as  astray  on  the  Ingh  sea. 

Puf'-fln-Qs  b6r-e-a'-lls.    Lat.  Immtlis,  northern. 

Not  in  the  orig.  ed.  Since  described  as  new  from  Massacliusctts.  See  Cory,  Bull. 
Nutt.  Club,  vi,  No.  2,  April,  1881,  p.  84. 


LIST    OF    WORDS    DEFINED. 


^  Je  (1).  —  This  Index  contains  matter  additional  to  or  corrective  of  tliat  in  the  body  of  the  text. 
Note  (2).  —  The  figures  refer,  not  to  the  pagination  of  tlie  book,  but  to  the  numeration  of  the  names  : 

e.  g..  Tardus,  No.  1,  not  page  1. 
Note  (3).  — When  a  word  occurs  in  the  List  more  than  once, —as  in  cases  of  most  generic  and 

many  specific  or  subspecific  names,  — tlie  reference  is  usually  to  the  place  where  it  is 

first  or  best  defined. 

Note  (4).  — AVords  differing  only  in  termination,  —  as  amcncan-us.-a.-Mm,  —  are  usually  not  duplicated. 
Note  (5).  —  Generic  names  are  distinguished  by  a  capital  initial  letter. 


al)breviatus,  522 

alaudinus,  229 

Aramodramus,  238 

abcrti,  30!) 

alba,  80 

amccna,  204 

acadicus,  384,  483 

albatus,  096 

Ampelis,  106 

Accipiter,  494 

albcola,  727 

Amphispiza,  2-J8 

accipitrinus,  473 

albicilla,  5.33 

anaisthetica,  805 

Actodromas,  014 

albicollis,  275,  .395 

Anas,  707 

aciileata,  58 

albifrons,  542,  092 

Ancylochilus,  025 

acuminata,  019 

albigula,  307 

anglica,  792 

acutipennis,  402 

albilora,  130 

anglorum,  834 

adamsl,  841 

albocaudatus,  513 

angustifrons,  455 

jl'^chmophorus,  845 

albolarvatus,  442 

anhinga,  700 

ilCgialitcs,  584 

A!  ja,  878 

ani,  425.    Said  to  be  the  Bra 

^Egiotlius,  207 

alcyon,  423 

zilian  name  of  the  bird 

ffigoccphala,  030 

ak'utica,  803,  rg2 

anna;,  414 

leneus,  315 

aloxandri,  410 

annectens,  204,  351 

ii'sliva,  111 

alicia;,  12 

Anortliura,  70 

ajstivalis,  251 

Alle,  803 

Anoiis,  808 

aithcreus,  702 

allcni  (C.  A  )  412 

Anscr,  092 

affinis,  04 

alien!  (,T.  A.)  302 

anthinus,  228 

Agolajus,  316 

alpestris,  82 

anthracina,  528 

agilis,  130 

alpina,  023 

Anthus,  88 

aglaius,  337 

altiloquus,  172 

antillarum,  801 

agrestis,  271 

AhK'o,  401 

antiquus,  804 

aikeni,  202 

amabilis,  545 

Antrostomus,  .390 

Aix,  710 

amaurosonia,  838 

ApJieloconia,  354 

Ajajii,  053 

Amazilia,  419 

Aphriza,  594 

alascciisis,  78 

anibigiius,  422 

Aquila,  632 

Alauda,  85 

americana,  03 

aquilus,  701 

in 


i 


m 


rm 


ml 


188 


Uml< 


m 


W 


'i  m 


LIST  OF   WORDS  DEFINED. 


Aramus,  071 

Ardiibuteo,  525 

nrctica,  29 

arctoii,  208 

Anloa,  0o5 

Ardettii,  (J(J7 

arenarin,  027 

argcntatus,  772 

arizoiia;,  253 

Arquatflla,  020 

ttrra,   biTO.      Both    conjectures 

ill  the   text  wrong.     Simply 

onoiiiatopwic;   Itussian  airie 

or  arm 
arvensis,  85 
Asio,  472 
asio,  465 

Astragalinus,  213 
Astur,  40G 
Asturina,  527 
Asynilesnius,  450 
ater,  313 
atrata,  201,  538 
atrieapillus,  44,  185 
Htricilla,  780 
atrigularis,  274 
atrocristatus,  42 
Attliis,  410.    It  is  also  a  proper 

name 
niuluboni,  9,  120 
aura,  537 
aiirantia,  121 
aiiratiis,  457 
Hiiricapilius,  135 
aiirifmns,  451 
Auripariis,  50 
auritiis,  849 
aiistralis,  202 
autumnalis,  706 

bactiniani,  103 
l)!iliaiiionsis,  153 
Iminli,  224 
l)!irl>atuliis,  172 
IJnrtramia,  040 
Bnsilinna,  407 
hassana,  740 
belli,  183 
beiulirii,  21 
bcrlnnilieri,  70 
Bernieln,  009 
bpwicki,  71 
bicolor,  40,  280 
bicristattis,  757 
bilineata,  258 


blackbiirnsc,  121.  Tliis  proba- 
bly should  stand  D.  aurantia, 
Coucs 

bonapartii,  017 

Bonasa,  505 

borealis,  32 

boseas,  707 

Botaurus,  000 

bouuardi,  250.  Pc.ncaa  riijicrps 
houcardi  is  not  in  the  orig.  ed. 
Since  discovered  in  Arizona 
by  II.  W.  Ilcnshaw,  Ornith. 
Wheeler's  Surv.,  1875,  p.  117. 

Brachyrhaniphus,  800 

braehyrhynchus,  780 

brachyptcrus,  870 

braehyura,  810 

brenta,  700 

brevirostris,  784 

breweri,  273 

brewstori,  211.  The  dubious 
Linota  hrewsteri  may  be  a 
hybrid  between  ^Ki/inthus  li- 
naria  and  Chrijsomitris  piniis. 
See  Brewst.,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Club,  vi,  no.  4,  Oct.  1881, 
p.  225 

brunneicapillus,  03 

Bubo,  402 

buccinator,  088 

Budytes,  87 

buffoni,  707 

bullocki,  327 

bulweri,  820 

Buteo,  512 

Butorides,  003 

cabanisi,  424 
cacliinnans,  775 
ca."rulea.    See  cocrulca 
Calamospiza,  280 
calendula,  33 
Calidris,  027 
calliope,  417 
Callipepla,  577 
Calothorax,  418 
calurus,  517 
Calypte,  415 
Campepliilus,  431 
Camptolajmus,  729 
Canipylorhynchus,  03 
Canace,  555 
canadensis,  59,  149 
canatiica,  008 
candicans,  501 


candissima,  059 

caniccps,  205 

caiUiaca,  790 

cantianus,  591 

canus,  779 

canutus,  020 

capeiise,  818 

capitalis,  302 

carbo,  873 

Cardellina,  150 

Cardinalis,  299 

Carolina,  450,  079 

carolinensis,  10 

carpiilis,  257 

Carpodacus,  194 

caspia,  793 

cassini,  178 

castanca,  123 

Catlmiista,  538 

Cathartes,  637 

Catherpes,  00 

caudacutus,  240 

caurinus,  342 

cedroruni,  100 

celata,  107 

CentrocercHS,  500 

Centrophanc.s,  220 

Ccnturus,  450 

Ceratorhina,  857 

Certhia,  02 

Certliiola,  153 

cerviiiiventris,  420 

Ceryle,  423 

Chajtura,  405 

Chamaja,  39 

Chaina'pelia,  547 

Charadrius,  581 

Cliauklasnius,  711 

Chen,  094 

cheriwa}',  635 

Chloophaga,  G98 

chlorurus,  310 

Chondestes,  281.  P.  57,  penul- 
timate line,  for  cliondrestcs  f 
read  chondn  ilcslcs  1 

Choriledilos,  309 

Cliroicocephalus,  780 

chrysaiitus,  532 

chrysoides,  458 

chrysolacma,  84 

Chrysomitris,  212 

chrysoparia,  115 

chrysoptera,  102 

cinclnnatiensis,  101.  ITcJmin' 
thophiuja    ciiwinnatiensis    may 


LIST  OF  wouds  defined. 


139 


be  a  liybrid  between  //.  pinus 
and  O/iorornis  J'wiiiusii.      See 
Jiu]g.,   Bull.   Nutt.  Club,   V, 
.    1880,  p.  2;J7 
cincinn.itus,  752 
Ciiic'lus,  30 

c'iiietus,  62.    Pans  cinctus  is  not 
in  the  orig.  ed.     Sinee  nseer- 
taincd   to  oeeur  in   Alaska. 
See  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  ii,  no. 
1,  Jan.  1877,  p.  37 
cinerescens,  375 
cinereus,  22,  250 
cireuincinctus,  588 
Circus,  489 
ciris,  292 
cirnita,  850 
Cistotliorus,  81 
citrea,  05 
Clangula,  725 
clypeata,  718 
Cocej'gus,  428 
cocrulea,  30 
cocrulescens,  117 
Colaptes,  457 
collaris,  722  , 

colubris,  400 
ColuMiba,  530 
coluniba,  872 
colunibarius,  505 
colunibianus,  344 
Colyrnbus,  840 
confinis,  3,  2.33 
conspcrsus,  07 
Contopus,  380 
Conurus,  400 
eooperi,  (J.  G.)  1-50 
cooiHTi,  {Wuh)  405 
cora.x,  338 
corniculata,  853 
eornutus,  848 
coronata,  110,  279 
Corvus,  338 
costa;,  415 
Cotile,  103 
Coturnlculus,  2.34 
coturniculus,  082 
coturni.x,  570 
couclii,  372 
couesi,  021 
cravcrii,  809 
crcatopus,  833 
crecca,  714 
crepitans,  073 
Crex,  083 


crinitus,  373 
crissalis,  25,  308 
cristata,  349 
cristafellus,  859 
Crotophaga,  425 
cryptoleucus,  330 
eucullatus,  328,  745 
cunieularia,  487 
fupido,  503 
Cupidonia,  503 
curonicus,  500 
curvirostra,  109 
curvirostris,  19 
cyanea,  205 
Cyanecula,  31 
cyaneus,  480 
cyanocephalus,  332 
Cyanoeitta,  349 
cyanoptera,  /17 
Cygnus,  G88 
Cyniocliorea,  823 
Cyrtonyx,  578 

dactylisonans,  579 
Dafila,  710 
Daptium,  818 
delawarensis,  778 
Dendrocygna,  705 
Dcndraca,  111 
derbianus,  3(54 
Diehromanassa,  001 
difflcilis,  380.    Empidonax  flavi- 
vriilris  difficiUs  was  not  recog- 
nized in  the  orig.  ed. 
dilophus,  751 
Dioinedea,  810 
discolor,  127 
discors,  710 
Dolichonyx,  312 
domesticus,  74 
doniiiiica,  120 
doniiniccnsis,  369 
dorsalis,  200 
dougaili,  800 
dresseri,  734 


eb\irnea,  785 
Kctopistes,  543 
cgrctta,  058 
Elanoi'des,  493 
Elanus,  492 
elcgans,  521,  076 
Einboriiagra,  311 
Etnpidonax,  .384 
Engyptila,  542 


cnuclcator,  100 

t!ri"inoe'cft,  250  his.  Prura-n  r.c, 
Brown,  Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  vii, 
Jan.  1nS2.  p.  2<),  Texas.  (()— 
(ir.  ip'ifius,  a  desert;  oi/ct'oi,  I 
inhaljjt 

Ereni()])hila,  82 

Ereiinetes,  012 

Erisniatura,  741 

erythrina,  olO 

crytlirocephalus,  453 

erythrocercus,  374 

erythroplithalnms,  301 

Eudociinus,  051 

Eugenes,  408 

Eurynorhynchus,  884 

excubitorides,  188 

exilipes,  210 

exilis,  067 


falcinellus,  049 
Falco,  407 
fallax,  245 
faniiliaris,  02 

fasciata,  30,  244 

ferina,  723 

ferrugineus,  331,  485 

fischcri,  732 

flammeolus,  471 

flammeus,  401 

tlaviceps,  50 

flavifrons,  170 

flavipes,  034 

flavirostris,  211 

flavi vontris,  388 

flaviviridis,  171 

flavus,  87 

Florida,  602 

floridanus,  341 

fcrda,  628 

forficatus,  307 
formicivoriis,  454 
forniosa,  140 
forstcri,  798 
franklin  i,  556 
Fratercula,  853 
Fregetta,  820 
frontalis,  353,  196 
frugivorus,  340 
fulgens,  408 
Fulica,  G80 
fulicarius,  604 
fuliginosa,  550 
Fuligula,  720 
Fulniarus,  814 


fl'lil 


; 


iil;' 


i^h 


w  i 


i 


I 


5.  j 

11 

1 

It    i. 

1 

\u 

8 

\     '    \' 

ir< 

1  ■  1  '.' 

'1 

140 

fiilvifrons,  392 
fulvigiila,  700 
fulvus,  682 
fiiiiiifrons,  DGO 
f  iinorea,  480 
furcata,  701,  826 
fiiscc'scens,  7 
fiiscicrerulcsccns,  611 
fuscocaudata,  419 


gairrlncTi,  441 

Kiilbiila,  320 

galoata,  084 

Gallinago,  007 

Gallinula,  084 

gallipavo,  553 

ganil)eli,  278 

Garzetta,  05!) 

Gc'oi'ot'cj-x,  427 

Gc'othlypis,  141 

Geotrygon,  550 

pigantea,  813 

gilvus,  174.    Should  probably 

stand    as     \'ino    ochrolrucust 

Coues 
glacialis,  728 
glottis,  035 
glaucesccns,  770 
Giauc'idium,  484 
glaucium,  725 
glaiifiis,  492,  708 
glioma,  484 
graciaj,  128 
grallaria,  820 
gramincus,  232 
granimieus,  281 
griscigpiia,  847 
griscinuclia,  205 
griseus,  COO 
grubcri,  520 
Grus,  008.     See  JMiiller,   Nat. 

Syst.    Suppl,    1770,   p.   110; 

Cass.,  Pr.  riiila.  Acad.,  1864, 

p.  245 
grylle,  871 
guaramia,  050 
gubcrnator,  317 
Guiraca,  201 
gularis,  887 
guttatus,  231 
Gyinnocitta,  345 
gymnostoma,  072 

liafmastica,  620 
Hu3tnatopus,  605 


LIST  OF  WORDS  DEFINED. 


haesitata,  810 

Ilaliaetus,  63? 

Imliavtiis,  6:''' 

Ilalocyptun, 

haiiimondi,  '&... 

Ilarelda,  728 

liarlani,  515 

llarporliynclius,  17 

liarpyia,  531 

barrisi,  430 

licermanni,  248 

Ilelniintlicrus,  90 

llelminthopbaga,  08.  Accord 
ing  to  Ridgway,  Bull.  Nutt 
Club,  vii.  no.  1,  Jan.  1882,  p 
53,  the  name  HclminthopluKji 
is  preoccupied,  and  it  has  con 
sequently  been  changed  by 
biin  to  Udminthopliila 

beloisne,  410 

helvetica,  580 

henryi,  400 

henslowi,  230 

liepatica,  157 

Ilerodias,  058 

herodias,  055 

llesperocichln,  5 

Ilesperopliona,  189 

Ileteroscclus,  042 

hiaticula,  589 

hienialis,  70 

Ilimantopus,  GOl 

liimantopus,  Oil 

Ilirundo,  159 

liirundo,  707 

Ilistrionicus,  730 

holbwlli,  208 

lioniochroa,  825 

liornbyi,  827 

hornenianni,  209 

horreorum,  159 

hudsnnicus,  49,  645 

huteliinsi,  704 

huttoni,  182 

llydranassa,  CGO 

Ilydrochclidon,  806 

hyemalis,  see  hienialis 

Hylocichla,  0 

Ilylotomus,  432 

hypcrboreus,  003 

hypocbrysea,  133 

hypogaja,  487 

hypoleucus,  868 

lache,  421 


Icteria,  144 

icterocephalus,  319 

Icterus,  323 

Ict.'nia,  491 

ignea,  300 

iliacus,  4,  282.  Turdus  iliaats 
is  not  in  the  orig.  ed.  Green- 
land.   Keinh.,  Ibis,  1861,  p.  0 

iliinoensis,  252 

iniberbe,  303 

inipennis,  878 

inca,  649 

incanus,  G42 

inornatus,  41 

intermedia,  277 

interpres,  698 

lonornis,  085 

Iriiloprocne,  160 

islandicus,  500 

jama'icensis,  081 
Junco,  201 

kcnnicotti,  400 
kirtlandi,  131 
kittlitzi,  807 
kotzebuii,  783 
kridori,  519 
kuhli,  831 

labradorius,  729 

Lagopus,  5G8 

lagopus,  525 

lapponicus,  220 

lariformis,  80(> 

Larus,  708 

latirostris,  421 

lawrcncii,  09.  Ilelminlhnphafja 
laurciicii  may  be  a  hybrid 
between  //.  pimis  and  //. 
chriisojttira .  See  Brcwst.  Bull. 
Nutt.  Club,  vi,  no.  4,  Oct. 
1881,  p.  218. 

lecontii,  24 

lecontii,  237 

leucobrouchialis,  100.  Ildmin- 
thopwja  kucohronclnaUs  may  be 
a  hybrid  between  11.  pintm 
and  //.  chnjsoptcra.  See 
Brewst.,  Bidl.  Nutt.  Club,  vi, 
no.  4,  Oct.  1881,  p.  218 

leucocephalus,  534 

leucogaster,  72,  747 

leucolajma,  83 

leucoparia,  703 


LIST  OF   WORDS  DEFINED. 


141 


leucoplirys,  276 
Iciicopsis,  699 
k'ucnptora,  198,  646 
li'iicorrlioa,  823 
LouL'ostic'tc,  201 
k'ticiiriis,  570 
F>imi)sa,  G28 
liiiaria,  207 
linuolni,  242 
linoatus,  520 
Liiiota,  211 
litoraliti,  204 
I.obipcs,  f)03 
loculator,  048 
Lonivia,  874 
longicauda,  145 
longirostris,  18 
Lopliopliancs,  40 
Lopliortyx,  575 
Loxia,  198 
lucasanua,  436 
luciic,  104 
lucifor,  418 
ludoviuianus,  68,  187 
lunifrotis,  102 
luti'ivontris,  365 
lutt'scens,  108 
luxuriosa,  358 

niaccalli,  408 
niacfowni,  223 
niacgillivrayi,  143 
Maulii'ti's,  039 
niacroloplia,  3o2 
Macrorlianiphus,  OOO 
macniriis,  333,  799 
maciilarius,  038 
niaculata,  016 
maculosa,  125 
magna,  320 
major,  334,  832 
Mareua,  712 
niarila,  720 
niarinus,  771 
maritimus,  238 
marmoratus,  8G0 
inartinica,  550,  685 
maruotta,  078 
massena,  678 
maxima,  794 
niaxwollip,  407 
media,  007 
nicgalonyx,  305 
megarhynclia,  285 
melaena,  824 


molancholicus,  372 

MelanorjJL's,  453 
melanoci'plialus,  599,  200 
mt'lunolfiicus,  033 
melanotis,     55.        Psalln'pnrus 
nwlaiwtis     has     lately     hceii 
dcflnitely  ascertained   to  oc- 
cur in  Arizona 
melanura,   37.      According    to 
Brewster,  Poliojitila  melanura 
sliould  read  /'. adijhrnica.   See 
Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  vi,  p.  103 
melanurus,  830 
Melcagris,  553 
mclodus,  587 
Molopelia,  540 
Melospiza,  242 
merganser,  744 
Morgus,  743 
meriJionalis,  879 
mesoleucus,  300 
mexicana,  28 

niiamiensis,     09.       Thrt/othorus 
liulofiriaiins  niiamiensis  is  not 
in   the    orig.   ed.     Since   de- 
8(Tibcd  from  Florida.    Am. 
Nat.,  ix,  1875,  p.  469 
Micratiiene,  480 
Micropalama,  Oil 
microsoma,  821 
niigratorius,  1 
Milvulus,  300 
Mimus,  15 
minimus,  53,  387 
minor,  005,  401 
minutilla,  014 
minutus,  730 
niitratus,  140 

Mitrephorus,  302.    This  generic 

term    being    preoccupied   in 

Coleoi)fera,     Mitrcphnncs     is 

substituted  (Or.  /uiVpTj,  mitre, 

(paivw,  I  appear).     See  Coucs, 

Bull.  Nutt.  Club,  vii,  no.  1, 

Jan.  1882,  p.  55 

Mniotilta,  91 

mollissima,  733 

Molothrus,  313 

monocerata,  857 

montanus,  14 

monticola,  208 

moreleti,  290 

morio,  346 

Motacilla,  86 

motacilla,  138  I 


mugitans,  606 
musicus,  090 
mustelinus,  6 
Mycteria,  054 
Myiadestcs,  160 
Myiarclius,  373 
Myiodioctes,  140 
Myiodynastes,  365 


n«;viu8,  6,  136 
nanus,  10 
nebulosa,  476 
neglectus,  61. 


Pimis  riifiscens 
ne.ijlcclus   is   not  in   the   orig. 
ed.    Since  described  by  Hidg- 
way,  I'r.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  1879, 
p.  485.     California 
nelsoni,  241 
Neocorys,  90 
Neplifficetes,  404 
Nettion,  715 
nevadensis,  200 
niger,  404 

nigrescens,  110,  237 
nigricans,  378,  701,  863 
nigrilora,  94 
nigripes,  811 
nitens,  107 
nivalis,  219 
nivosus,  591 
Nomonyx,  742 
notabilis,  137 
notatus,  218 
noveboracensis,  181 
nuclialis,  447 
Numcnius,  043 
nuttalli,  348 
Nyctala,  482 
Nyctea,  479 
Nycterodius,  005 
Nyctiardea,  (i64 
Nyctidromus,  305 


obscnrus,  314 
obsnietus,  (i5,  499,  674 
occidentalis,  40,  113,  478 
oceanicus,  828 
Oceanitos,  828 
Oceanodroma,  82G 
ochropus,  6.36 
(Edemin,  737 
CEnanthc,  26 
ffistrelata,  819 
olivaeeus,  170 
Onychotes,  529 


m 


142 


LIST  OF   WOItDS  DEFINED. 


i  J 

I 


■'i- 


'|i, 


i  m 


U  ih|| 


\  ii 


h.\\ 


opistliomc'lns,  830 
Oporornis,  lUO 
orc'fjonus,  2U3 
or!iiitiis,  i2'J2 
Ornithiiiin,  393 
Orortyx,  TtT-l 
Oroscoptes,  14 
Ortalis,  552 
Ortyx,  571 
oryzivoriis,  312 
(Kssifriign,  813 
ostrili't'us,  505 

pnoificus,  77,  404 
Pagopliila,  786 
palliatiis,  500 
pailiila,  272 
pnlliilicincta,  504 
palniarum,  132 
paliiu'ri,  20 
paliiilicola,  80 
palusii-is,  70.  243 
randioii,  530 
Paiiyptila,  403 
parasiticus,  700 
parisioruin,  320 
parkinani,  75 
Tarra,  G72 
Parula,  03 
Pariis,  44 
I'asscr,  102 
PassiTcuIus,  224 
Passtrclla,  2S2 
Passcrina,  202 
pnsscrinns,  234,  547 
ponlii,  504 
Pcdia'ct'tf's,  501 
pc'lagiLM,  822 
pi'lasgica,  405 
Poii'canv.s,  748 
Pc'lidiia,  023 

pcnclopp,  712.    Qu.  penelops 
penicillatus,  755 
pcnnsylvanica,  124 
pcrcgrina,  100,  503 
I'orisoreus,  350 
pcrpallidus,  235 
perspicillata,  730,  756 
portinax,  381 
Pftrocliflidon,  102 
PeucKa,  251 
Peuct'drainus,  110 
phajopus,  044 
Plinctlion,  702 
Phainopcpla,  167 


Plmlncroeornx,  750 

Phalirnuptilus,  .308 

Phalaropiis,  Got 

I)liasiaiH'llus,  501 

Philadelphia,  142 

philadi'ljihicus,  173 

Philohela,  005 

Phcpbetria,  812 

phopnic'cus,  310 

Pha'iiicoptcrus,  087 

Phonipara,  207 

Phylloscopus,  32 

Pica,  347 

Picicorvus,  344 

Picoidcs,  443 

picta,  151,221,674 

Picus,  433 

pilcatus,  432 

pik'olatus,  148 

Pinicola,  100 

pinus,  08 

Pipilo,  301 

Pitangus,  304 

plagata,  527 

platyccrcus,  413 

Plectrophancs,  219 

I'U'gadis,  049 

Plotus,  700 

plunihoa,  38 

pluvialis,  583 

J'odasocys,  502 

Podicipcs,  848 

podicipcs,  852 

Podilynibus,  852 

Poli.jptila,  30 

Polyborus,  635 

polyglottus,  15 

ponatorhinus,  705 

Poc '00108,232 

popefue,  309 

l'orzana,078 

pratcnsis,  88,  070 

pratincola,  401 

princc'ps,  225 

principalis,  431 

Priocclla,  817 

Priofinus,  830 

Procollaria,  822 

Prognc,  105 

propinqnus,  2.  Tttrdns  viigra- 
toriits  propiiiqw's  is  not  in 
the  orig.  ed.  Since  de- 
scribed by  liidgxvay,  Bull, 
Nutt.  Club,  ii,  no.  1,  Jan. 
1877,  p.  9.    Western  U.  S. 


Protonotnria,  9f. 

psaltria,  215 

I'saltriparus,  53 

P.scu<l()gryphus,  530 

I'silorhinus,  310 

psittacnlus,  858 

ptilocncniis,  022 

I'tychorhamphus,  802 

pidicscons,  410 

I'uffliius,  831 

pugnax, 030 

purpuroH.s,  194 

pusilla,  00 

pygnia;a,  01 

I'yranga,  154 

Pyrocci)lialus,  .394 

Pyrrhula,  101.  The  difficulty 
with  P.  cassini  may  be  owing 
to  wrong  sexing  of  the  single 
known  specimen 

Pyrrhuloxia,  208 

Querqnedula,  713 
querula,  280 
Quiscalus,  333 

Rallus,  073 
Rocurvirostra,  000 
rcdivivus,  23 
Hegulus,  33 
resplendons,  759 
rli()(l<)C(dpus,  197 
IJhodoslethia,  780 
Rliyacopliilus,  036 
l{liynclioplianos,  223 
Rhynchops,  800 
richardsoni,  383 
riparia,  103 
Rissa,  782 
rodgcrsi,  810 
rosea,  C53,  789 
rossi,  007 
rostratus,  230 
RostrhanuKs,  490 
ruber,  448,  052 
riibida,  741 
rubincus,  394 
rubra,  154 
rubrifrons,  150 
rufcscons,  50 
ruficapilla,  100  * 
riificeps,  255 
ruflna,  247,  880 
rufovirgata,  311 
rufus,  17 


LIST  OF   WORDS  DEFINED. 


143 


rupcstris,  GCO 
rustiua,  ;J17 
rustiuiila,  1)00 
rutiuillu,  152 

s.ibinii  (J.),  607 
siibinii  (K.),  7011 
K.icor,  4U8 
Siilpiiictc's,  (15 
Biiiiiuolis,  210 
s.'iiiftijoliiinnis,  525 
8iui(Jvici.'nsis,  220 
Biitnipii,  "A 
satunitus,  075 
savuiin,  227 
saxatilis,  403 
Saxiuola,  20 
sayi,  ;{77 
Sayiornis,  377 
scaiaris,  434 
scandiaca,  479 
Scaiilafclla,  540 
scliistaci'a,  284 
Scolecopliagus,  331 
8Colo])a(.'ciis,  610 
Suolopax,  006 
Scops,  405 
S  -.ytiaptex,  474 
Sulaspliorus,  411 
soinipalmatus,  580 
seiiiculiis,  430 
soptc'iitrionalis,  45 
scrrator,  744 
sorripennis,  164 
Sotopliaga,  151 
Sialia,  27 
sialis,  27 

Slmorhynchus,  858 
sinuata,  298 
Sitta,  57 
Siurus,  135 
skua,  704 

siuitlisonianus,  773 
soL'iabilis,  400 
solitarius,  177,  637 
Soinateria,  731 
8i)arveriouk's,  510 
sparverius,  509 
s|)L'ctabilis,   730 
Spuotyto,  487 
Spermophila,  206 
Spliyropicus,  446 
spilurus,  73 
Spiza,  287 
Splzella,  268 


sponsn,  719 

81)raguli,  00 

8puriu8,  324 

sqiiamata,  577 

Sqiiatarola,  580 

Starmi'iias,  551.    Ital.  starna,  a, 
partridge 

Stc'ganoijus,  002 

Stc'gidopturyx,  164 

stc'liaris,  81 

stcilori,  350,  731 

Stellula,  417 

Sterc'orarins,  764 
Sterna,  702 
stolidus,  808 
stroporus,  711 
Strcpsiias,  508 
striata,  122 
8triatulus,  407 
Btricklandi,  437 
Strix,  474 
SturiiL'lla,  320 
Sturnus,  303 
fiubarquatus,  025 
subuocrulea,  491 
subis,  105 
subviridis,  384 
suckleyi,  506 
suec'ica,  31 
Sula,  740 
sulcirostris,  420 
8iiporeiliari8,  801 
Surnla,  480 
swaiusoni,  13,  07 
Sympheinia,  032 

Syiitliliboraniphus,  805,  pessim€, 
lege 

Synthliborhamphus,  804 


Tachycineta,  161 
Tachypotes,  701 
taitonsis,  047 
Tantalus,  048 
Telniatodytes,  79 
tcngmalmi,  482 
tenuirostris,  817,  839 
toplirocotis,  203 
Tctrao,  603 

texonsis,  402 

tlialassina,  101 

Thrasyaiitus,  531 

Tiiryotliorus,  j8 

tliyro'fdt's,  449 

tigrina,  120 

torquatus,  456 


Totantis,  C33 

townsuiidi,  114,  109 

trauhyrhynchus,  748 

trailli,  385 

triclias,  141 

tricliopsis,  470 

tricolor,  318 

tridac'tyla,  782 

Tringa,  020 

Tringoidc's,  038 

tristis,  213 

Trochilus,  409 

Troglodytes,  74 
Trogon,  422 
troilf,  874 
trowbridgii,  740 
trudeaui,  802 
Tryngites,  641 
Tunlus,  1. 
Tyrannus,  308 
tyrannus,  300 

ultramarina,  357 

ulula,  481 

unibella,  505 

unibclioi'dfs,  500 

uniizusunio,  805 

unalasca;,  8 

unalasuonsis,  283 

unicinctus,  512 

Uria,  871 

urophasianus,  500 

uropyglalis,  452 

Urubitinga,  528.     U.  anthraciua 

is  not  in  the  orig.  ed.     Since 

discovered  .in  Arizona  by  H. 

W.  Ilenshaw,  Am.  Sportsm., 

V,  Feb.  1878,  p.  328 
ustulatus,  11 
Utaniania,  877 


vallisnoria,  724 
Vanellus,  693 
varia,  91 
varius,  440 
vauxi,  406 
verniivorua,  90 
versicolor,  293 

verticalis,  370 

vespcrtina,  189 

vicinior,  180 

villosus,  438 

violaceus,  605,  758 

virens,  112, 144 

Vireo,  170 


I 


i 


m'll 


144 

vircscpns,  OflS 
virgata,  5'J4 
virginiu!,  105 
virgininim,  209 
v-nigra,  T.'Jo 
vocifurans,  371 
voeiftTus,  397,  584 
vulgaris,  3ti3 


LIST  OF  WORDS  DEFINED. 


wliitnpyi,  480 
wilauniua,  585 
wiUonianus,  472 
woUwt'beri,  43 
woodhousii,  855 

Xanthocuplmlus,  319 
Xauthuru,  358 


xantusi,  407 
Xeina.  7'JO 
Xenupieu8,  442 

Zaiiidudiu,  28*J 
Zoiinida,  545 
ZcnuiUura,  514 
Zouutrichia,  276 


APPENDIX. 


CATALOGUE  OF  THE  AUTHOR'S  ORNITHOLOGICAL 
PUBLICATIONS,  18G1-188L 


♦  Anonyhocs. 


t  Reviews. 


1861. 


1.  •Ornithology.-  WasJdngton  Described,  pp.  24-27.      (12mo.    WashiiK^on 

Philp  &  Solomons,  18G1.)  °      * 

A  slight  sketch  of  the  Birds  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

2.  A  Monograph  of  the  Tringcfc  of  North  America.  — />roe.  Acad.  Nat.  Set 

rhila.,  xiii,  July,  1801,  pp.  170-205. 

3.  Notes  on  the  Ornithology  of  Labrador.  —  Proc.  Acad.  Kat.  Sci.  Phila    xiil 

August,  1861,  pp.  215-257.  "' "      '' 

4.  A  Monograi)h  of  the  Genus  iKgiothus,  with  descriptions  of  new  Species.  — 

Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xiii,  November,  1861,  pp.  373-390. 

1862. 

5.  List  of  Birds  ascertained  to  inhabit  the  District  of  Columbia,  with  the  times 

of  Arrival  and  Departure  of  such  as  arc  non-residents,  and  Brief  Notices 
of  Habits,  etc.  By  Elliott  Coues  and  D.  Webster  Prentiss.  -  Sixteenth 
Ann.  Pep.  Smiths.  Inst.,  for  1801,  1862,  pp.  399-421. 

6.  Synopsis  of  the  North  American  Forms  of  the  Colymbida;  and  Podicipida;.  — 

Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xiv,  April,  1802,  pp.  220-233. 
Abstract  of  a  monograph  published  in  full  in  Birds  of  the  Northwest,  1874. 

7.  Revision  of  the  Gulls  [Larinje]  of  North  America;  based  upon  specimens  in 

the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian   Institution.  —  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.   Sci. 
Phila.,  xiv,  June,  1802,  pp.  291-312. 

^^580-n7*  *  monograph  published  in  full  in  the  Birds  of  the  Northwest.  1874,  pp. 


TT 


146 


APPENDIX. 


)i. 


ffl.V 


I',  ;t 


8.  Supplementary  Note  to  a  "Synopsis  of  the  North  American  Forms  of  the 

Colyuibidie  and  Podicepidfie." — l*roc.  Acad.  Nat.  iSci.  Phila.,  xiv,  Septem- 
ber, 18(>-2,  p.  404. 

9.  A  Review  of  tlie  Terns  [Sternina>]  of  North  America.  —  Proc.  Acad.  Nat. 

/Sci.  Phila.,  xiv,  December,  18G2,  pp.  53o-out>. 

1863. 

10.  Additional  Remarlvs  on  the  North  American  yEgiothi.  —  Proc.  Acad.  Nat. 

iSci.  Phila.,  xv,  February,  1803,  pp.  40,  41. 

1 1 .  On  the  Lestris  ricbardsoni  of  Swainson  ;  with  a  Critical  Review  of  tlic  Sub- 

family Lestridinai.  —  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  /Sci.  Phila.,  xv.  May,  18G3,  pp. 
121-KJ8. 

12.  [On  the  specific  validity  of  Larus  smithsonianus.] 

18(i3,  p.  3G7. 


The  Ihis,  v,  July, 


1864. 

13.  The  Crania  of  Colj-mbus  torquatus  and  C.  adamsii  compared.  —  Proc.  Acad. 

Nat.  /Sci.  Phila.,  xvi,  February,  1804,  pp.  21,  22. 

14.  A   Critical   Review   of  the   Family  ProcellaridiB ;    Part  I.,   embracing   the 

Procellarieic,  or  Stormy  Petrels.  —  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xvi, 
March,  18C4,  pp.  72-'Jl. 

15.  A  Critical  Review  of  the  Family  Procellarida? :    Part  II.;   Embracing  the 

Puflinejv.  —  7Voc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xvi,  April,  18G4,  pp.  llG-144. 

16.  Notes  on  certain  Central-American  Larida>,  collected  by  IMr.  Osbcrt  Salvia 

and  Mr.  F.  Godman. —  llie  Ibis,  vi,  July,  18G4,  pp.  387-393. 


1865. 

17.  Ornithology  of  a  Prairie-Journey,  and  Notes  on  the  Birds  of  Arizona.  —  The 

Ibis,  2(1  ser.,  i,  April,  18G5,  pp.  lo7-lC5. 

18.  [Notes  on  Birds  observed  at  Fort  Whipple,  Arizona.]  —  The  Ibis,  2d  ser., 

i,  October,  18G5,  pp.  535-538. 

1866. 

19.  Field  Notes  on  Lophortyx  Gambeli. —  77ie  Ibis,  2d  ser.,  ii,  January,  1806, 

pp.  4G-55. 

20.  List  of  the  Birds  of  Fort  Whipple,  Arizona :  w'th  which  are  incorporated  all 

other  species  ascertained  to  inhabit  the  Territory ;  with  brief  critical  and 
field  Notes,  descriptions  of  new  species,  etc.  —  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  /Sci. 
Phila.,  xviii,  March,  18G6,  pp.  39-100. 

Fifty  copies  rt'issucd,  rppat?cil,  under  the  title  ;  [Roprinteil  from  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Philadelpliia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  January  1800]  |  —  |  Prodrome  of  a  Work  | 


.^  ■  I 


APPENDIX. 


tm 


on  the  I  Ornithology  |  of  I  Arizona  Territory.  |  By  Elliott  Couos,  M.A,  M.D.  I  (Ass't  Sur- 
geon  U.  S.  Army.)  |  -  |  .  niladdphia :  |  Merrihew  &  Son.  Printers.  |  im.  8vo.    p„   l-^ 

C^Z^:^'!  "'  ""  ""'  '""  '"""^'  ^"''-  ''''  ""'''''  ^'"-'  '•''-   "''-'^  "f"- 

:n.     A  Critical  Keviow  of  tiio  Family  Proccllariida. : _ Part  III;  embraoin-  the 
F«Imare«.-iVoc.  Acad.  Nat.  ScL  Phila.,  xviii,  March,  18G(5,  pp.  25-;};}. 

22.  Critical  Review  of  the  Family  Proccllariidae  :  -  Part  W ;  Embracing  the  ^Estrc- 

latea>  and  Prioneae.  -  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci  Phila.,  xviii,  May,   KSGO, 
pp.  134-172.  •' 

23.  Critical  Review  of  the  Family  Procellariicbe  ;  Part  V ;  embracing  the  Dionie- 

deime  and  the  Ilalodromina?.     With  a  General  Supplement.  -  Proc.  Acad. 
Aat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xviii,  May,  ISGG,  pp.  172-197. 

24.  From  Arizona  to  the  Pacific.  -  n.  Ifn,,  2d  ser.,  ii,  July,  1866,  pp.259-275. 

Notes  on  tlic  birds  observed  during  the  journey. 

25.  The  Osteology  of  the  Colyn.bus  torquatus ;   with  Notes  on  its  Myolo-v  - 

Mem.  Bast.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,   i,  pt.   ii,   November,   1866,   pp.^31-172, 
flgg.  2,  pi.  i). 

Sep-.rately  reissued,  under  the  title :  On  the  |  Osteology  and  Myology  I  of  I  Colyn.hus 

Un  ted  States  Army.  |  [Iron,  the  Men.oirs  read  before  the  Boston  Soeiety  of  Natural 

lo     nn  lS  I'-rr  "l '  ^"r^"'^''"'  ■  I  ^'''^'-^  »'  "'0  Kiversido  Tress.  |  November,  1860. 
ato.    pp.  lcil-l(2,  flgg.  2,  pi.  5. 

1867. 

26.*tThe  Birds  of  New  England.  _  ^Ae  Hound  Table,  No.  UO,  Sept.  28,  1867 
pp.  213,  214.  r         .  , 

E.  A.  Samuels'  work. 

1868. 

27.     A  Monograph  of  the  Alcidir.  _  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Soc.  Phila.,  xx,  January, 
1868,  pp.  2-81,  figg.  1-16.  ^ 

M  UU  A  TT'  '""'';'!  '■  ^  .^^"""^'•"P''  I  "f  I  tl>o  Alci,l.T.  I  By  I  Elliott  Coues.  A.M.. 

No  2  s'^td  Str"T7;^<«     .  """"'■'  '  -  '  ^'""""'"P'"-  I  Merrihew  &  Son,  printers. 
No.  213  Arch  Street,  |  1808.     8vo,  pp.  and  flgg.  as  above. 

See  also  under  1870. 


28. 
29. 
30. 


List  of  Birds  collected  in  Southern  Arizona  by  Dr.  E.  Palmer ;  with  remarks. 
-I  roc.  Acad.  Nat.  ScL  PhUa.,  xx,  January,  1868,  pp.  81-8.^ 

Synopsis  of  the  Birds  of  South  Carolina.  -  Proc.  Post.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xii, 

October  7,  1868,  pp.  104-127. 
Catalogue  of  tiie  Birds  ..f  North  America  contained  in  the  Museum  of  the 

Essex  Instituto;  with  whic.  ^  incorporated  A  List  of  the  Birds  of  New 

England.     With  Brief  Critical  ai.1  Field  Notes.  —  iVoc.  (Comm.)  Essex 

Inst.,  V,  1868,  pp.  241)-314. 

Fifty  eopie-s  reissued,  with  new  index,  repnged,  retitled  :  A  List  |  of  tiie  |  Birds  of 
New  Lngland.  |  By  Elliott  Coues.  |  Asst.  Surgeon.  U.  S.  A.  j  _  |  [Heprinted  from  the 


iff 


148 


APPENDIX. 


ii  - 


|i 


mi 


Proceedings  of  tlio  Essex  Institute,  Vol.  v.]  |  —  |  Salem,  Mass.  |  Essex  Institute  Press.  | 
1868.    8vo.    pp.  1-71. 

31.  Instances  of  Albinism  among  our  Birds.  —  Amer.  JVat.,  ii,  No.  3,  May,  1868, 

pp.  161,  162. 

About  a  dozen  cases,  chiefly  of  North  American  species. 

32.  BircVs-Eye  Views.  —Amer.  Nht.,  ii,  No.  10,  December,  1868,  pp.  505-513 ; 

ii,  No.  11,  January,  1869,  pp.  571-583,  figg. 
On  the  structure  of  the  eye  In  Birds. 


1869. 


14  .;i 


I!  h. 


I'.'       15 


■Prot.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  May 


33.  On  a  Chick  with  supernumerarj'  Legs. 

19,  1869,  pp.  78-82. 

34.  *0f  Doves  and  Thorns.  —  The  Liberal  Christian,  July  24,  1869. 

Breeding  of  Zenaidura  carolinensis. 

35.  *0f  a  "Fast"  Bird    [Geococcyx   californianus] . — I'he  Liberal   Christian, 

Aug.  14,  1869. 

36.  *A  Skeleton  in  tlie  House.  —  The  Liberal  Christian,  Sept.  11,  1869. 

Molothrus  ater  X  Polioptila  ccerulea. 

37.  Sea-side  Homes. — Amer.  Nat.,  iii,  No.  7,  September,  1869,  pp.  337-349. 

On  the  breeding  of  Sterna  antillaruin  and  iEgiulites  wilsonius. 

38.  On  Variation  in  the  Genus  iEgiothus.  — Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xxi, 

October,  1869,  pp.  180-189. 

Supplementary  to  tlic  article  in  op.  cil.,  1801,  p.  373. 

39.  *Structure  of  Feathers.  —  The  Liberal  Christian,  Oct.  9,  1869. 

40.  On  tlie  Classification  of  Water  Birds.  —  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xxi, 

December,  1869,  pp.  193-218. 

Reissued,  ropagcd.  On  the  |  Classification  |  of  |  Water  Birds.  |  By  Elliott  Coues, 
A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Pli.  D.,  I  (etc.,  4  lines.)  |  —  |  [Reprinted  from  tlio  Proceedings  of  the  Piiila- 
dclpliia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  |  for  December,  18G9.]  |  —  |  Philadelphia :  |  Mcr- 
rihew  &  Son,  printers.  |  No.  243  Arch  Street.  |  1870.    8vo.    pp.  28. 


I 
If 


1870. 

41.  Extracts  from  a  Memoir  intituled  'A  ]\Ionograph  of  the  Alcida;.' — Zoologist, 

2d  ser.,  v,  1870,  pp.  2004-2016,  2081-2090,  2124-2132,  2155-2163,  2205- 
2214,  2245-2253,  2289-2296,  2327-2334,  2369-2378,  2396-2403. 
Reprinted,  modified,  from  Proc.  Phila.  Acad.,  1808,  pp.  2-81. 

42.  The  Clapper  Rail  [Rallus  crepitans].  —  Amer.  Nat.,  iii,  No.  11,  January, 

1870,  pp.  600-607, 

43.  The  Great  Auk  [Alca  impennis], — Amer.  Nat.,  iv.  No.  1,  March,  1870, 

p.  57. 


APPENDIX. 


149 


44.  The  Cow  Bird  [Molothrus  ater]._^mer.  Nat.,  iv,  No.   1,  March,  1870, 

p.    00. 

45.  F«^«^t-°«^«yjo«>  a  Page  of  Sand.-^^."...   mu.,  iv,  No.  5,  July,   1870, 

Tracks  made  by  Sandpipers,  &c. 

46.  The  Natural  History  of  Quiscalus  major.  -  The  Ibis,  2d  ser,  vi,  Julv    1870 

pp.  3G7-378.  '     »       .  »  1 

47.  tOrnithological  Kcsults  of  the  Exploration  of  the  x\orth-west.  -  ylme;-.  Xat 

IV,  No.  G,  August,  1870,  pp.  3G7-371.  "' 

Chkagllcal  S  ''"''  ^"""'''"'^  ""'^  ^^''"'^'^  P«P«"  °"  ^he  Birds  of  Alaska,  in  7V,„... 

1871. 

48.  Notes  on  the  Natural  History  of  Fort  Macon,  N.  C,  and  Vicinity.     (Xo    1  ) 

[Vertebrates.]  -  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.    Sci.   Phila.,   xxiii,  M^ay  2,    1871 
pp.  12-49.  -^      ' 

Birds,  pp.  18-47.    There  are  6  Nos.  of  this.  1871-1879,  the  1st  and  4th  relating  to  Birds. 

49.  The  Yellow-headed  Blackbird  [Xanthoccphalus  icterocephalus]  .—Amer.  Nat. 

V,  No.  4,  June,  1871,  pp.  195-200,  fig.  ' 
Biography  of  the  species,  with  references  to  other  birds  observed  in  Kansas. 

50.  fRccent  Ornithological  Publications.  -  Amer.  Nat.,  v,  No.  4    June    1871 

pp.  234-238.  '        it-,  lo/i, 

p.  138.""'''"*  ''"  '^"''"""''  ^'''  '^'"''"-  ^""^■'  ^^^^'  P'  ^^  •  ^'"^eway  on  Falconida^,  ibid., 

51.  tProgress  of  American  Ornithology.  -  ^mer.  Nat.  y,  No.  G,  Au-ust,  1871 

pp.  3G4-373.  ^»-UoUhL,  loii, 

Review  of  J.  A.  Allen's  memoir  on  Florida  Birds,  Dull.  Mus.  Comp.  ZooL,  1871. 

62.  Mechanism  of  Flexion  and  Extension  in  Birds'  Wings.  - ^mer.  Nat.,  v 

Nos.  8  and  9,  September,  1871,  pp.  513,  .OH. 

Abstract  of  the  paper  in  the  Proc.  Amer.  Assoc.  Adv.  Sci  for  1871 

63.  Bt,lJock's  Onole   [Icterus  buUockiJ.  _^,n.,..  Nat.  v,  xNo.   II,  November, 

18<1,  pp.  G78-C82,  fig.  120. 

54.  SinguLar  Albino  [Dolichonyx  oryzivorus].  -.4mer.  Nat.,  v.  No.  11,  Novom- 

ocr,  18<1,  25.  733, 

55.  The  Long-crested  Jay  [Cyanocitta  macroloph a]. -ylmer.  Nat.,  v,  No    l'> 

December,  1871,  pp.  770-775,  fig.  '     *"' 

66.  tGray's^Hand  List  of  Birds. -.l,„o..  Nat.,  v.  No.   12,   December,    1871, 
pp.  /< 0-779.  ' 


Pf 


1872. 
67.     Mechanism  of  Flexion  and  Extension  in  Birds'  Wings.  -  Proc.  Amer.  As.nr 
^^".  /.^cj.,  XX,  for  1871,  1872,  pp.  278-284,  fi<r.r. 


; 


9 


150 


APPENDIX. 


i 

|T'!:;:i|| 


1  i'  .  ', 


l< 


m-A 


I 


Hi! 


68.  Observations  on  Picicorvus  Columbianus.  —  The  Ibis,  3d  ser.,  ii,  January, 

1872,  pp.  52-59. 

69.  Ornithological  Query  [Turdus  migratorius].  —  Amer.  Nat.,  vi,  No.  1,  Jan- 

uary, 1872,  p.  47. 

60.  fTwo  Late  American  Papers  on  Ornithology.  — Amer.  Nat.,  vi,  No.  3,  March, 
1872,  pp.  165,  IGG. 

Ogden  on  Clicttusia,  Pr.  Phila.  Acad.,  1871,  p.  101 ;  Lawrence  on  Now  Troglodytidse 
and  I'yrannida;,  ibid.,  p.  233. 

61.*tAn  Ornithological  Blunder  [Bonasa  jobsii] .  —  Amer.  Nat.,  vi.  No.  3,  March, 
1872,  pp.  172,  173. 

62.  Contribution  to  the  History  of  the  Blue  Crow  [Gymnokitta  cyanoccphala]  of 

America. —  The  Ibis,  3d  ser.,  ii,  April,  1872,  pp.  152-158. 

63.  fNewton's  Ornithological  Register.  —  Amer.  Nat.,  vi.  No.   G,  June,   1872, 

pp.  3G0,  3G1. 

64.  The  Nest,  Eggs,  and  Breeding  Habits  of  Ilarporhynchus  crissalis.  —  Atner. 

Nat.,  vi.  No.  G,  June,  1872,  pp.  370,  371. 

65.  A  New  Bird  [Ghuicidium  ferrugineum]  to  the  United  States.  —  Amer.  Nat., 

vi,  No.  G,  June,  1872,  p.  370. 

66.  Studies  of  the  Tyrannidaj.  — Part  I.    Revision  of  the  Species  of  Myiarchus. 

—  iVoc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xxiv,  June  25-J»Iy  IG,  1872,  pp.  5G-81, 

67.  fThe  Boston  Society's  Ornithological  Catalogue. — Amer.  Nat.,  vi.  No.  8, 

August,  1872,  pp.  472,  473. 

Kevicw  of  A.  Hyatt's  paper  on  Sphoniscidaj. 

68.  Nest  and  Eggs  of  Helminthophaga  luciaj.  —  Amer.  Nat.,  vi,  No.  8,  August, 

1872,  p.  493. 

69.  Occurrence  of  Couch's  Flycatcher  [Tyrannus  mclancholicus  couchi]  in  the 

United  States.  —  Amer.  Nat.,  vi.  No.  8,  August,  1872,  p.  493. 

70.  tf"ielJers  Thesaurus. — Amer.  Nat.,  vi.  No.  9,  September,  1872,  pp.  549-551. 

71.  Material  for  a  Monograpli  of  the  Si)heniscid«. — Proc.  Acad.  Nat.   Sci. 

Phila.,  xxiv,  September,  1872,  pp.  170-212,  pU.  4,  5. 

72.  jRecent  Discoveries  in  Ornithotomy.  —  Amer.  Nat.,  vi.  No.  10,  October,  1872, 

pp.  G31-G35. 

Morse  on  tlic  Carpus  and  Tarsus  of  Birds,  Aim.  L)/r.  Nat.  Hist.,  N.  Y.,  1872  ;  and  Rcln- 
hardt,  Cranial  Bone  of  Musopluigida;,  Vicld.  Mcdikl.  Nat.  Furh.  Kj<pb.,  1871. 

73.  Key  |  to  |  North   American   Birds  |  containing   a  concise   account  of  every 

species  of  |  Living  and  Fossil  Bird  |  at  present  known  from  the  continent 
north  of  the  flexiean  |  and  United  States  Boundary.  |  Illustnitcd  by  G  steel 
plates,  and  upwards  of  250  woodcuts.  |  By  |  Elliott  Cones,  |  Assistant  Sur- 
geon United  States  Army.  |  —  |  Salom  :  Naturalists'  Agency.  |  New  York : 
Dodd  and  Mead.  |  Boston:  |  Estes  and  Lauriat.  |  1872.     1  vol.  imp.  8vo. 


f  K 


ill 


APPENDIX. 


151 


ot  2,J00  cop.     Copyright,  Putnam  and  Cones.) 

74.  [Contributions  to]  ^Aarpe  and  Dresser's  Hist,  of  tlie  Birds  of  Europe,  Parts 

xij  xii,  xVj  1872. 

1873. 

75.  [Contributions  to]  Sharpe  and  Dresser's  IFist.  of  the  Birds  of  Europe  Parts 

xvi,  XX,  xxi,  1873.  ^  /    »     « 

76.  fDubois'  Conspectus. -^m^r.  mu.,  vii,  No.  1,  January,  1873,  pp.  40-42 

Keview  of  C.  F.  Dubois'  Conspectus  Avium  Europicarum. 

'^''*  ^^pp.  42",°!^"'^    Ornithology.  -  .l,«e..    iV«,.,    vii.    No.    1,   January,    1873, 
Review  of  C.  J.  Maynard's  paper  in  Pr.  Dost.  Soc,  xiv,  1872,  p.  356. 

78.  [Circular  ix-lating  to  the  -Birds  of  the  Northwest."]  -Headquarters  Depart- 

ment  of  Dakota,  Feb.  14,  1873.  ^ 

79.  tllaiKlbook  of  British  Birds. -^mer.  JVat.,  vii,  No.  3,  March,  1873,  pp. 

Review  of  J.  E.  Harting's  work  of  that  name. 

80.  fOrnithology  of  the  Wo.t.-Amer.  mtt.,  vii.  No.  4,  April,  1873,  pp.  220-223. 

Review  of  J.  A.  Allen's  paper  in  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,\u,  1872,  p.  113. 

81.  tAfrican  Ornithology.  -  ^mer.  mt.,  vii.  No.  4,  April,  1873,  pp.  22G,  227. 

Review  of  J.  II.  Gurney,  Sr.'s.  Andersson's  Birds  of  Damara  Land. 

82.  Some  United  States  Birds,  New  to  Science,  and  other  Things  Ornithological 

—  Amer.  JVat.,  vii.  No.  G,  June,  1873,  pp.  321-331,  figg.  Go-70.        ° 

83.  New  Avian  Subclass  [Odontornithes].  -Amer.  JVat.,  vii,  No.  C,  June,  1873 

p.  364.  ' 

84.  Color-variation  in  Birds  Dependent  upon  Climatic  Influences.  —  Amer  Mtt 

vii.  No.  7,  July,  1873,  pp.  415-418. 

Criticism  of  R.  Ridgway's  papers  in  Am.  Journ.  Set.,  iv,  1872,  p.  454 ;  v,  1873,  p.  39. 

85.  tLate  Local  Lists.  -  Amer.  JVat.,  vii.  No.  7,  July,  1873,  pp.  418-421 

Reviews  of  NV    IT.  Dall,  Pr.  Cula.  Acad.,  1873;  C.  II.  Holdon  and  C.  E.  Aiken   Pr 
Bost.  &0C.,  XV,  1872,  p.  193 ;  VV.  D.  Scott,  ibid.,  p.  219.  ' 

83.     "  B^rds  walking  under  Water."  -  Eorest  and  Stream,  Oct.  16,  1873. 

87.  Notes  on  Two  little-known  Birds  of  the  United  States  [Passercnlus  bairdi, 

Worys   spraguii].  -  ^m.r.  mt.,  vii,   No.   11,  November,   1873,  pp. 

88.  Use  of  small  shot.  —  Amer.  Sportsm.,  Nov.  22,  1873,  p.  I17. 

89.  Specimens  of  Bird  Architecture  [Icterus].  -  Amer.  Sportsm.,  Nov.  29,  1873, 


m 


'I 


152 


APPENDIX. 


m 


Mi 


tell 

If! 


00.    Range  of  the  Eared  Grebe  [Podiceps  auritus  califomicus]. — Amer.  Nat., 
vii,  No.  12,  December,  1873,  p.  745. 

91.    Notice  of  a  Rare  Bird  [Coturniculus  lecontii].  — Amer.  Nat.,  vii,  No.  12, 
December,  1873,  pp.  748,  749. 

93.     Report  |  on  tlie  |  Prybilov  Group,  or  Seal  Islands,  of  Alaska.  |  By  |  Henry 
W.  Elliott,  I  Assistant  Agent  Treasury  Department.  |  —  |  Washington  :  | 
Government    I'rinting  Office.  |  1873.      1    vol.    oblong  4to.      (Appendix. 
Ornithology  of  the  Prybilov  Islands.     By  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  U.  S.  A.) 
This  is  the  orig.  ed.,  very  scarce  (150  copies.).    See  1875. 

93.     A  I  Check  List  |  of  |  North  American  Birds.  |  —  |  By  |  Elliott  Coues.  |  —  | 

Salem.  |  Naturalists'  Agency.  |  1873.     8vo.     2  prel.  11.,  pp.  1-137,  2  11. 

This  is  the  orig.  ed.     Separately  published  December,  1873.     Also  publislied  with 
"  Field  Ornitliology,"  1874. 


f       ' 


w 


1874. 

94.  Field  Ornithology.  |  Comprising  a  |  Manual  of  instruction  |  for  |  procuring, 

preparing,  and  preserving  Birds,  |  and  a  |  Check  List  of  North  American 
Birds.  I  By  |  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  U.  S.  A.  |  [Monogram.]  |  Salem :  |  Natu- 
ralists' Agency.  |  Boston :  Estes  &  Lauriat.  |  New  York :  Dodd  &  Mead.  | 
1874.     1  vol.'    8vo.     pp.  i-iv,  1-1 IG,  1-137,  2  11. 

Published  January,  1874.    The  "Clieclc  List"  originally  published  separately,  1873. 

95.  [On  the  Classification  of  Birds,  with  Characters  of  the  Higher  Groups,  and 

Analytical  Tables  of  North  American  Families.]  —  Baircl,  Hreiver,  and 
HUlgway's  Hist.  N.  A.  Birds,  i,  1874,  pp.  xiv-xxvhi. 

96.  Glossary  of  Technical  Terms  used  in  Descriptive  Ornithologj'.     Including  a 

number  of  prominent  Anatomical  and  Pii^siological  Terms.  —  Jiaird, 
Brciccr,  and  Ilid(jway''s  Hist.  N.  A.  Hirds,  iii,  1874,  pp.  535-500. 

97.  Specimens  of  Bird  Architecture  [Cindus  mexicanus].  —  Amer.  /Sportsm.,  iii, 

Jan.  17,  1874,  p.  245. 

98.*tThe  Birds  of  North  America.  — The  Nation,  No.  447,  Jan.  22,  1874,  p.  65. 
Review  of  Theodore  Jasper's  work. 

99.     Specimens  of  Bird  Architecture  [Chtctura  pelasgica].  —  Amer.  Sjwrtsm.,  iii, 
Feb.  14,  1874,  p.  313. 

100.  Hybrid  Ducks  [Anas  boscas  x  Ilj-onetta  moschata].  —  Forest  and  Stream, 

Feb.  19,  1874. 

101.  Hybrid  Ducks  [Anas  boscas  x  Dafila  acuta].  —  Forest  and  Stream,  March 

5,  1874. 

102.  Pet  Owls  [Bubo  virginianus].  — Amer.  SjyortS7n.,  iii,  March  7,  1874,  p.  354. 

103.  fThe  New  Work  on  Birds.  — Amer.  Sportsm.,  iii,  March  28,  1874,  p.  412. 

Keview  of  Buird,  Brewer,  and  llidgway's  work. 


APPENDIX. 


153 


104.  tAv»^„„„f^ Colorado  and  W,o„,„g._^^.  ^,,,  ,„,,  ^„.  ,_  ^_,,„_ 
'"'-    X.?.'rit74.  ^•"'""  -"""""'^  °'  "  Spa^,._^^,  „,.,,  ^,„„„, 

With  reference  to  the  construction  of  a  game  law. 
106.     Powder-down.  -  J^^orest  and  Stream,  ii,  April  9,  1874,  p.  134 
Luminosity  of  these  feathers  in  ArdeidiB  .  P-  i^*. 

108..tNor.h  American  Cnithology.  -The mu,n, No.  460,  AprU  23, 1874,  „  270  ' 
109..,Hi,.„ry  Of  No*  American  BW,.-^o™«  a„^  «„«,  April  30,  ,874, 
Review  of  Baird,  Brewer,  and  Ridgway's  work. 

""•    ''AZ"taT'"mT"r^'  '"""""'^  '"^'^  t""'"  s«i„so„il.- 
yimer.  iVa«.,  viu,  Iso.  5,  May,  1874,  pp.  282-287.  ' 

111.  tBlrds  of  Illinois.  -  Field  and  Stream,  May  2,  1874 

Review  of  R.  Ridgway's  paper,  Ann.  Lyr.  N.  Y.,  x.  1874.  p.  364. 

112.  Small  Shot.     Renlv  to  "  Arrnw  "        a  o 

vtpij  lo     Arrow.    —Amer.  Sportsm.,  May  30,  1874. 

113.  The  Californian  Vulture  [Cathartes  californianusl  ^Amer    %,../         • 

June  13,  1874,  p.  IGO,  fig.  -'"       ^"^^'^-  ^portsm.,  iv, 

114.  Wild  Turkeys    [Meleagris  gallipavo   arnericana]  -  Grouse  -Field  ar,^ 

xb^;-e«m,  June  13,  1874.  vriuuse.  —  Mieia  ana 

1 15.  Duskv  Grouse  :  Blue  Grnn«n  •  PJr...  n  r^-, 

«.«»»,  j„n;  27,  \su::u'^:trn,  [stt  -r  "^-  -  ^*  --^ 

"'■   ^I'fSl'p'Sr"'  ^'"^'°'  O--'-']-^™-.  iT...  viii.  No.  7.  .„,,, 

"r8?;:;.'l25' '"'°'  ^'""'"'■"  -""o.  -^„...  ^,«*™.,  >,.,  j„,,  „, 

120.  The  tVancs  [Grui,,.]  of  America. -^.„.,  «„,  ^,,,„„,  „,  ^„^  ,„_  ,„^_ 

121.  TIje^BInc  Qnail  [CaUipepla  =,„ama.a]. -^«  an,  Strean,.  Aug.  29, 


154 


APPENDIX. 


i 

IP 


mM 


mi 


122.  fRccent  Publications  in  Ornithology.  —  Amer.  Nat.,  viii,  No.  9,  September, 

1874,  pp.  .041-546. 

Reviews  of  several  papers,  chiefly  on  N.  Am.  Birds. 

123.  New  Variet}'  of  the  Blue  Grosbeak  [Gniraca  coerulea  eurhyncha].  — Amer. 

Nat.,  viii.  No.  9,  September,  1874,  p.  5G3. 

1 24.  How  to  Shoot.  —  Field  and  Stream,  Sept.  26,  1874. 

125.  On  the  Nesting  of  Certain  Hawks,  etc.  — Amer.  Nat.,  viii.  No.  10,  October, 

1874,  pp.  59G-C03. 

Falco  communis,  Buteo  swainsoni,  Archibuteo  ferrugineus,  and  other  birds  of  Montana. 

126.*tA  History  of  North  American  Birds.  — Field  and  Stream,  Oct.  31,  1874. 
Keview  of  Baird,  Brewer,  and  Uidgway's  work. 

127.  Tlie  Rails  —  Family  Rallida;.  — Amer.  Sportsm.,  v,  Oct.  31,  1874,  p.  Co, 

128.  Tlie  Sparrow  [Passer  domesticus]  War. — Amer.  Sportsm.,  v,  Nov.  21, 

1874,  p.  113. 

cf.  Dull.  U.  S.  Geol.  and  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  v.  No.  2, 1879,  p.  178. 
Shells  —  Paper  or  Brass?  —  Forest  and  Stream,  Dec.  24,  1874. 


129. 
130. 


131. 


Department  of  the  Interior.  |  United  States  Geological  Survey  of  the  Terri- 
tories. I  F.  V.  Hayden,  U.  S.  Geologist-in-Charge.  |  —  |  Mi.'<cell"neous  Pub- 
lications —  No.  3.  I  —  I  Birds  of  the  Northwest :  }  A  Hand-boo  |  of  |  The 
Ornithologj'  |  of  the  |  Region  drained  b\-  the  Missouri  River  |  and  its  Tribu- 
taries. I  —  I  By  Elliott  Coues,  |  Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon  U.  S. 
Army.  |  —  |  Washington :  |  Government  Printing  Office.  |  1874.  1  vol. 
8vo.     pp.  i-xii,  1-791. 

Pub.  Dec.  1874.  Ed.  of  2,200  copies.  214  copies  rebound,  reissued,  rctitled:  Birds  of 
the  North- West :  |  a  Handboolc  |  of  |  American  Ornitliology,  |  containing  accounts  of  all 
the  birds  inhabiting  the  |  Great  Missouri  Valley,  |  and  many  others,  togctlier  representing 
a  largo  majority  of  the  (  Birds  of  North  America,  |  with  copious  biographical  details  from 
•personal  |  observation,  and  an  extensive  synonymy.  |  •  .  .  Boston :  |  Estes  &  Laurlat,  i 
Salem  Naturalists'  Agency,  |  1877. 

Monograph  of  the  North  American  Laridae.  —  Birds  of  the  Northwest, 
December,  1874,  pp.  589-717. 


1875. 

132.  A   Report  |  upon  the  |  Condition  of  Affairs  |  in  the  |  Territory  of  Alaska.  | 

—  I  By  Ilenrj-  W.  Elliott,  |  Special  Agent  Treasury  Department.  |  —  | 
Washington  :  |  Government  Printing  Office.  |  1875.  1  vol.  8vo.  pp.  277. 
(Chap.  IX.  Ornithology  of  the  Prybilov  Islands.  By  Dr.  Elliott  Cones, 
U.  S.  A.     pp.  lGG-212.) 

Reprinted  from  the  orig.  ed.,  1873. 

133.  The  Fanna  |  of  the  |  Prybilov  Islands  |  abridged  from  the  ]  "  Report  on  the 

Prybilov  Group  or  Seal  Islands  of  Alaska,"  |  by  Henry  W.  B:iliott ;  with 
an  Appendix  on  the  |  Ornithology  by  Dr.  Elliott  Coues  (Washington,  1873). 


APPENDIX. 


156 


I  By  J.  E.  Harting,  F.  L.  S.  F.  Z.  S.  ]  London  [  reprinted  from  the  Natural 
History  columais  of  |  "  Tlie  Field"  for  private  circulation  |  1875  8vo. 
pp.  38,  pi.  1. 

134.  The  Sparrows  [Passer  domesticus].  —  Amer.  Sportsm.,  v,  Jan.  23,  1875, 

p.  2G4. 

135.  On  the  Breeding  of  certain  Birds  [of  Montana  Territory]. — Amer.  JVcit., 

ix,  No.  2,  February,  1875,  pp.  75-78. 

136.  [On  the  Nest  and  Eggs  of  Gymnocitta  cyanocephala.]  —  The  Ibis,  3d  ser., 

V,  April,  1875,  pp.  270,  271. 

137.  Albino  Black-Bird  [Xanthocephalus  icterocephalus] .  —  liod  and  Gun,  vi, 

April  10,  1875,  p.  24. 

138.  Duck  Shooting  h  Cheval.  —  Amer.  Sportsm.,  April  24,  1875. 

139.  Sparrows  [Passer  domesticus] — more  evidence.  —  Rod  and  Gun,  vi,  July 

17,  1875,  p.  249. 

140.  Ornithology  of  the  Transit-of- Venus  "  Centennial."  —  Forest  and  Stream, 

Aug.  19,  1875. 

141.  Fasti  OrnithologiiB  Redivivi.  —  No.  I,     Bartram's  'Travels.'  —  Proc.  Acad. 

Nut.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ma^-September,  1875,  pp.  338-358. 

142.*t  [Notice  of  Brewer's  Catalogue  of  the  Birds  of  New  England.] —iV:  Y. 
Independent,  Oct.  7,  1875. 

143.  tA   late   paper  on   Birds.  —  ^Imer.    Nat.,   ix,   No.    10,    November,   1875, 

pp.  570,  571. 

W.  Brewster's,  in  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  N.  Y.  xi,  1875,  p.  129. 

144.  Contributions  |  to  the  |  Natural  History  |  of  |  Kerguelen  Island,  |  made  in 

connection  with  the  American  Transit-of- Venus  |  Expedition,  1874-75.  | 
By  I  J.  II.  Kidder,  M.D.,  |  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy.  |  —  | 
I.  I  Ornithology.  |  Edited  by  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  U.  S.  A.  |  —  |  Bid'l.  U.  aS. 
Nut.  Mus.,  No.  2.  1875,  pp.  i-ix,  1-51.  Washington:  Government 
Printing  Office.  18/5. 
Published  November,  1875. 


f 


1876. 

145.  [Peucedramus,  g.  n.,  Coues  MS.]  — ^ejj.  Expl.    W.  100  Merid.,  Vol.  v, 

1875,  p.  202.     (Pub.  1876.) 

146.  On  the  Breeding-Habits,  Nest,  and  Eggs,  of  the  White-tailed  Ptarmigan 

(Lagopus  leucurus) .  — /?j<;^.    IT.    S.    Geol.   and   Geogr.   Surv.    Terr., 
2d  ser.,  No.  5,  Jan.  8,  1876,  pp.  263-266. 
Also  published  separately.    8vo.    Washington,  1870. 

147.  Bewick's  Wren,  Thryothorus  Bewicki. — Amer.  Nat.,  x,  No.  1,  January, 

1876,  p.  48. 


166 


.  APPENDIX. 


im 


h  ■ 


m 


IP  ] 

If 

u  "  ; 


i!"'.  ! 

isr  >! 


!t<: 


■PO 


148.  Range  of  the  Bay  Ibis  [Plegadia  falcinellus].  —  ^wcr.  Ncit.,  x,  No.  1, 

January,  187G,  p.  48. 

149.  Coues  to  "  Boone"  [on  Brant].  —  AW  and  Gun,  vii,  Jan.  15,  1876,  p.  248. 

160.  An  Account  of  the  various  Tublicationa  relating  to  the  Travels  of  Lewis  and 
Clarke,  with  a  Commentary  on  the  Zoological  Results  of  their  Expedition. 
—  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  and  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  2d  ser.,  No.  G,  Fob.  8, 
187G,  pp.  417-444. 

Also  separate.    8vo.     Wasliington,  1876. 

151.  Contributions  to  the  Natural  History  of  Kerguelen  Island,  [etc.].     Oology, 

etc.    By  J.  II.  Kidder  and  Elliott  Coues.  — Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  3fus.,  No.  3, 
February,  187G,  pp.  7-20. 

152.  A  Study  of  Chionis  minor  with  reference  to  its  Structure  and  Systematic 

Position.     By  J.  H.  Kidder,  U.  S.  N.,  and  Elliott  Coues,  U.  S.  A.  — 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  3,  February,  187G,  pp.  85-116. 

163.  Reply  to  Mr.  J.  A.  Allen's  "  Availability  of  certain  Bartramian  Names  in 
Ornithology."  —  ylmer.  Nat.,  x.  No.  2,  February,  1876,  pp.  98-102. 

154.     Breeding   Range  of  the  Snow-Bird   [Jumo  hiemalis].  — ^mer.   Nat.,  x. 

No.  2,  February,  1876,  pp.  114,  115. 
165.     Unusual   Nesting   Sites  of  the   Night  Hawk    [Chordcdilcs   popetuc]    and 

Towhee  Bunting    [Pipilo  erythrophthalmus].  —  ylwer.   Nat.,  x.  No.  4, 

April,  187G,  p.  239. 

156.  Dr.  Coues  upon  Quail,  etc.  — Bod  and  Gun,  viii,  April  1,  1876,  p.  9. 

157.  Dr.  Coues  on  Brant,  etc.  —  Bod  and  Gun,  viii,  April  1,  1876,  p.  8. 

158.  fMr.  Gentry's  Book  about  Birds.  —  iioc?  anf?  Gun,  viii,  April  29,   1876, 

p.  71. 

Review  of  Life  Histories  of  the  Birds  of  Eastern  Pennsylvania,  Vol.  I. 

159.  The  Labrador  Duck  [Camptolaeraus  labradorius] .  —  ^mer.  Nat.,  x,  No.  5, 

May,  1876,  p.  303. 

160.*tLife-nistories  of  the  Birds  of  Eastern  Pennsylvania.—  The  Nation,  May  4, 

1876. 

Review  of  "Vol.  I.  of  T.  G.  Gentry's  work. 

161.  The  European  Woodcock  [Scolopax  rusticula]  shot  in  Virginia.  —  ^Imer. 

Nat.,  X,  No.  6,  June,  1876,  p.  372. 

162.  Notable  Change  of  Habit  of  the  Bank  Swallow  [i.  e.,  Stelgidopteryx  serri- 

pennisj.  —  ^mcr.  Nat.,  x,  No.  G,  June,  1876,  pp.  372,  373. 

163.  Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  1.  -The  Oregon  Robin  [Turdus  na^vius].  — 

Chicago  Field,  June  24,  1876,  fig. 

This  illustrated  series  of  .30  Letters,  running  from  above  date  to  July,  1879,  at  various 
intervals,  is  in  part  new,  partly  from  the  "  Birds  of  the  Northwest." 


APPENDIX. 


161 


164.  Tarsal  Envelope  in  Campylorhyncluis  and  allied  Genera.  —  Hull.  Nutt,  Orn. 

Club,  i,  Mo.  2,  July,  187G,  pp.  50,  51. 

165.  Brant  once  more.  —  Hod  and  Gun,  July  8,  187G. 

166.  Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.   2. — The  American  Tree-Creoper  [Certliia 

familiaris]. —  Vldcayo  Field,  Aug.  12,  187G,  llg. 

167.  Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  3.  —  The  Blue-gray  Gnatcatcher  [I'olioptiia 

C(jerulea].  —  Chicujo  Field,  Aug.  2G,  187G,  lig. 

168.  On  the  Number  of  Primaries  in  Oscines.  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  i.  No.  3, 

September,  187G,  pp.  G0-G3. 

169.  Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  4.  — The  Horned  or  Shore  Lark  [Eremopliila 

alpestris].  —  Chicago  Field,  Oct.  7,  187G,  fig. 

170.  Peculiar  Nesting-Site  of  the  Bank-o'\'allow  [i.e.,  Stelgidoptcryx  scrripeniiis]. 

—  Hull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  i,  No,  4,  November,  187G,  p.  'JG. 

171.  Dr.  Coues  on  "  Partridge,"  "  Quail,"  Etc.  —  Hod  and  Gun,  Nov.  11,  1H7G. 

172.  Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  5. — Marsh  Wrens  [Telmatodytes  pahistris, 

Cistothorus  stellaris]. —  Chicago  Field,  Nov.  18,  187G,  figg. 

173.  *Anecdote  of  a  Crow's  [Corvus  maritimus]  Intelligence. — iV.  Y.  IndepeU' 

dent,  Nov.  23,  187G. 

174.  The  Destrj'ition  of  Birds  by  Telegraph  Wire.  —  Amer.  Nat.,  x,  No.  12, 

December,  187G,  pp.  734-73G. 
Copied  abridged  by  the  press  at  large. 

175.  Letters  on  Ornithology.    -No.   6.  —  The  Shrike,  or  Butcher  Bird  [Lauiua 

borealis]. —  Chicago  Field,  Dec.  2,  187G,  fig. 

176.*tRecent  Text-books  of  Zoology.  —  iV.  Y.  Independent,  Dec.  2,  1876. 
lleviews  of  E.  S.  Morse's  and  S.  Tenncy's  works. 

177.  Letters  on  Ornitliology.      No.  7. — The  Catbird  (Mimus   carolinensisj. — 

Chicago  Field,  Dec.  9,  187G,  fig. 

178.  Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  8.  — Nuthatches  [Sittidie].  —  Chicago  Field, 

Dec.  IG,  187G,  fig. 

179.*t Life-Histories  of  Animals,  including  Man.  —  The  JVation,  No.  3G1),  187G. 
Review  of  A.  S.  Packard's  work. 

180.     Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  9.  —  The  Red-tailed  Buzzard  [Buteo  borealis] 
and  other  Hawks.  —  Chicago  Field,  Dec.  23,  187G,  fig. 

181.*tThe  Land-Birds  and  Garae-Birds  of  New  England.  —  The  Nation,  Dec.  28, 
1876. 

Review  of  II.  D.  Minot's  work. 

182.     Letters   on    Ornithology-.      No.    10. — Titmice,    Tomtits,    or   Chickadees 
[Paridai].  —  Chicago  Field,  Dec.  30,  1876,  figg. 


168 


APPENDIX. 


teihi 


[I     -i 


'Hs 


1877. 

183.  Note  on  Podiceps  dominicus.  — Bull.  Mitt.  Om.  Club,  ii,  No.  1,  January, 

1877,  p.  2G. 

184.  Eastward  Range  of  the  Ferruginous  Buzzard  [Arclubuteo  fcrrugineus]. — 

Jiull.  XiM.  Om.  Club,  ii,  No.  1,  January,  1877,  p.  2G. 

185.  Letters  on  Ornitliology.      No.  11.  —  Swallows  [Ilirnndinidiv].  —  Chicaijo 

Field,  Jan.  G,  1877,  ligg. 

188.  Letters  on   Ornithology.      No.    12.  —  Woodpeckers    [I'icidie]. —  Chicago 

Field,  Jan.  13,  1877,  G  figg. 

187.*tTbe  Land  Birds  and  Game  Birds  of  New  England.  —  Forest  and  Stream, 
Jan.  25,  1877. 

Review  of  II.  D.  Minot's  work. 

188.*tLand  Birds  and  Game  Birds  of  New  England.  —  Rod  and  Gun,  Jan.  27, 
1877. 

Review  of  H.  D.  Minot'a  work. 

189.  Letters  on   Ornithology.      No.   13. — The  Harrier  [Circus  cj-aneus   hud- 

sonius].  —  Chicago  Field,  Feb.  3,  1877. 

190.  To  tlie  Swallow.  —  Hod  and  Gun,  Feb.  3,  1877. 

191.  Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  13  [bis  =  14].  —  Grasshoppers  [in  connec- 

tion  with   habits  of  the   Sharp-tailed    Grouse,  Pedioecetes    phasianellus 
columbianus] . —  Chicago  Field,  March  17,  1877,  fig. 

192.  Corrections  of  Nomenclature  in  the  Genus  Siurus.  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Om.  Club, 

ii,  No.  2,  April,  1877,  pp.  29-33. 

193.  fMinot's  "Birds  of  New  England."  —  i?««.  JSTutt.   Om.    Club,  ii,  No.  2, 

April,  1877,  pp.  49,  50. 
Review  of  II.  D.  Minot's  work. 

194.  Western   Range   of  Conurus   carolinensis.  —  Bull.   Nutt.    Om.    Club,  ii, 

No.  2,  April,  1877,  p.  50. 

195.  Note  on  the  Cinnamon  Teal  (Querquedula  cyanoptera).  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Om. 

Club,  ii,  No.  2,  April,  1877,  p.  51. 

196.  Remarks  on  the  Birds  of  tiie  District  of  Columbia.    By  Drs.  E.  Cones  and 

D.  W.  Vvcnthfi.  —  Field  and  Forest,  ii.  No.  11,  May,  1877,  pp.  191-193. 
Also  in  a  separate  pamplilet  entitled :    Catalogue  of  the  Birds  of  tiie  District  of 
CoIunil>ia,  prepared  by  Pierre  Louis  Jouy,  with  Remarks  on  the  Birds  of  the  District,  by 
Drs.  Coucs  and  Prentiss.    8vo.    Wasliington,  1877,  pp.  11. 

197.  The  Song  that  tiie  Bluebird  Sings.  —  Harper's  Jfagazine,  May,  1877,  p.  891. 

Reprinted  in  many  places. 

1 98.  Notes  on  the  Ornithology  of  the  Region  about  the  Source  of  the  Red  River 

of  Texas,  from  Observations  made  during  the  Explorations  conducted  by 
Lieut.  E.  IL  Rullner,  Corps   of  Engineers,  U.   S.  A.      By  C.  A.  H. 


APrENDIX. 


1C9 


McCnnlpy,  I.ioiit.  Third  United  States  Artillery.  Annotod  by  Dr.  Elliott 
Coues,  U.  S.  A. — Hull.  U.  iS.  Gcol.  and  (i coy r.  Sure.  Terr.,  il,  No.  3, 
May,  1877,  pp.  055-005. 

Also  separate,  new  cover-title,  same  pagination. 

190.     Birds  [etc.].—  The  (IJaltimore)  Mirror,  June  1,  July  1,  Aug.  1,  Sept.  1, 
Oct.  1,  Nov.  1,  Dec.  1,  1877. 
From  the  "  Birds  of  tiie  Northwest." 

200.  Loptoptila  [tetfe  Engyptila]  albifrons,  a  Pigeon  new  to  the  United  States 

Fauna. —jBm//.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  ii.  No.  3,  July,  1877,  pp.  82-83. 

201.  Mclopelia  leucoptera  in  Colorado.  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  ii,  No.  3,  July, 

1877,  p.  83. 

202.  Dr.  Coues  replies  to  Dr.  Brewer  [in  tlie  Sparrow  (Passer  domcsticus)  contro- 

versy].—  Washington  Oazette,3u\y  %,  \^11. 

203.  Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  15.  —  Curious  Crows  [Picicorvus  columbianus, 

Gymnocitta  c^-anoceijhala] .  —  Chicago  Field,  July  14,  1877,  figg. 

204.  Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  16.  —  Tlie  English  Sparrow  [Passer  domcs- 

ticus]. —  Chicago  Field,  July  21,  1877. 
Many  reprints  elsewhere. 

205.*tOur  Birds  of  Prey ;   or,  the  Eagles,  Hawks,  and  Owls  of  Canada.  —  The 
JVatio?i, —  1877,  p.  341. 
Review  of  II.  G.  Vennor's  work. 

206.     Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  16  [bis]. —The  American  Warblers.  —  Fam- 
ily Sylvicolida;.  —  Chicago  Field,  Dec.  15,  1877,  fig. 


1878. 

207.  Department  of  the  Interior  |  United  States  Geological  Survey  of  the  Terri- 
tories I  F.  V.  Ilaydcn,  U.  S.  Gcologist-in-Charge  |  —  |  Miscellaneous 
Publications  —  No.  1 1  |  —  [  Birds  of  tlie  Color.ido  Valley  |  A  Repository 
of  I  Scientific  and  Popular  Information  |  concerning  |  North  American  Or- 
nithology I  By  I  Elliott  Coues  |  —  |  'f/XO',  line  yelMv  y.uh\^  ^Qug  uynvau  \ 
—  I  Part  First  |  Passeres  to  Laniid.x'  |  Bibliograpliical  A|)pendix  |  Seventy 
Illustrations  |  —  |  Washington  |  Government  Printing  Oflice  |  1878  8vo. 
pp.  i-xvi,  1-807,  figg.  70. 

208.  List  of  Faunal  Publications  relating  to  North  American  Ornithology.— 
Hirds  Colorado  Valley,  Part  I,  1878,  Appendix,  pp.  567-784  or  [1]— 
[218]. 

This  constitutes  the  First  Instalment  of  Ornithological  Bibliography  ,  for  2cl,  3d,  and 
4th,  see  1879  and  1880. 


160 


APPENDIX. 


i: 


u 


209, 


I 


it 


210. 
2U. 
212. 
213. 

214. 

215. 
216. 

217. 


218. 
219. 
220. 
221. 
222. 
223. 


225. 


Notes  on  the  Natural  History  of  Fort  Macon,  N.  C,  and  Vicinity.  (No.  4.) 
By  Drs.  i:iliott  Coues  and  H.  C.  Yarrow.  —Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
1878,  pp.  21-28. 

Supplementary  to  No.  1,  Vertebrates,  1871.    Birds,  pp.  22-24.    (No.  3,  Fishes,  is  by 
Dr.  Yarrow.) 

Note  on  Passerculus  bairdi  and  P.  princeps.  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  iii. 
No.  1,  January,  1878,  pp.  1-3,  pi.  col'd. 

The  Northern  Phalarope  [Lobipes  hyperboreus]  in  North  Carolina.  —  Bull. 
Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  iii.  No,  1,  January,  1878,  pp.  40,  41. 

The  Willow  Grouse  [Lagopus  albus]  in  New  York.  —  ^mK.  Kutt.  Or». 
Club,  iii.  No.  1,  January,  1878,  p.  41. 

Pipilo  erythrophthalmus  with  spotted  Scapulars.  —  Bull.  JVutt.  Orn.  Club, 
iii,  No.  1,  January,  1878,  pp.  41-42. 

Mclar.lsm  in  Turdus  migratorius.  —  i?M/;.  Mitt.  Orn.  Club,  iii.  No.  1,  Jan- 
uary, 1878,  pp.  47,  48. 

The  Sparrow  [Passer  domesticus]  Pest.  —  The  Countnj,  Jan.  19,  1878. 

Letters  on  Ornithology.  No.  17. —The  Aquatic  Wood-Wagtail,  or  New 
York  "Water  Thrush.     (Siurus  na?vius.)—  Chimr/o  Field,  Feb.  2,  1878. 

Notes  on  the  Ornithology  of  the  Lower  Rio  Grande  of  Texas,  from  Obser- 
vations made  during  the  season  of  1877.     By  George  B.  Sonnett.     Edited, 
with  Annotations,  by  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  U.  S.  A.  —  Bidl.  U.  S.  Gcol.  and 
Geogr.  Surv.  Ttrr.,  iv,  No.  1,  Feb.  5,  1878,  pp.  1-CG. 
Also  separate,  new  cover-title,  same  p.igination. 

Peculiar  Feathers  of  Young  Ruddy  Duck  [Erismatura  rubida].  —  Amer. 
Nat.  xii.  No.  2,  February,  1878,  pp.  123,  124,  fig. 

Justice  to  the  English  Sparrows  [Passer  domesticus] .  —  The  Country,  Feb. 

10,  1878. 

fA  Book  on  Bird-Architecture.  —  The  Country,  March  10,  1878. 
Ernest  IngcrsoH's  proposed  treatise. 

On  tlie  Moult  of  the  Bill  and  Palpebral  Ornaments  in  Fratercula  arctica.  — 
Bidl  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  iii,  No.  2,  April,  1878,  pp.  87-91. 

Habits  of  the  Kingfisher  [Ceryle  alcyon]. — Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  iii, 
No.  2,  Ap-.il,  1878,  p.  92. 

Nesting  of  Vireo  olivaceus.  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  iii,  No.  2,  April,  1878, 
p.  [)h. 

Nest  and  Eggs  of  Selasphorus  platycercus.  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  iii, 
No.  2,  April,  1878,  p.  9.5. 

Meaning  of  the  word  "  Anhinga."  — J?m^?.  Nut.  Orn.  Club,  iii,  No.  2,  April, 
1878,  p.  101. 


APPENDIX. 


181 


226. 
227. 
228. 

229. 
230. 
231. 


232. 

233. 
234. 
235. 


Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  18.  -  The  Yellow-breasted  Chat.  -  Chicaao 
Meld,  June  29,  1878. 

The  Eave,    Ciiff,  or  Crescent  Swallow  (Petrochelidon  lunifrons).  —  Hull 
JViitL  Om.  Club,  iii,  No.  3,  July,  1878,  pp.  10r;-112. 

fMr.   H.   Saunders  on  the  Sterninai.  —  Hull,  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  iii.  No  3 
Jidy,  1878,  pp.  140-U4.  '     ' 

Keviow  of  tlic  paper  in  the  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Land ,  1876,  p.  G38. 

Swallow-tailec?  Kite   [Elanoidcs  forficatus]   in  Dakota  in  Winter.  —  Bull. 
JVutt.  Orn.  Club,  ill,  No.  3,  July,  1878,  p.  147. 

New  Eirds   [live  species]   for  the  United  States  Fauna.  —  The   Gnmtn/ 
July,  13,  1878,  p.  184.  " 

Field-Notes  on  Birds  observed  in  Dakota  and  Montana  along  the  Forty-ninth 
R-irallel  during  the  Seasons  of  1873  and  IHU.  —  Hull.  U.  S.  Geol.  and 
Geoyr.  Suri,.  Terr.,  iv,  No.  3,  July  29,  1878,  pp.  o45-GG2. 
Also  separate,  new  covcrtitlr,  same  pagination,  8vo,  Washington,  1878. 

The  Ineligibility  of  the  European   Mouse  Sparrow  [Passer  domestir-is]  in 
America.  — vl»*e;-.  Nta.,  xii.  No.  8,  August,  1878,  pp.  41)9-.3or>. 

Koprinted,    Chiaujo  Field,  Aug.  31,  1878;  reprinted.  The  Couulry,  Aug.  3,  1878-  and 
elsewhere.  ' 

A  Hint  to  Egg-Collectors. -7?w«.  mm.   Orn.    Club,  iii.  No.  4,  October 
1878,  p.  191,  cut.  ' 

Nest  and  Eggs  of  Ilclininthophaga  piuus.  — J^m^^.  JVutt.  Orn.  Club,  iii,  No 
4,  October,  1878,  p.  194. 

fWilson's  and  Bonaparte's  American  Ornithology.  —  The  Nation,  Nov.  7, 

1878. 

Review  of  tlie  Porter  and  Coates'  edition  of  1878. 


1879. 

236.  tJones  and  Shuke's  Illustrations  of  the  Nest  and  Eggs  of  the  Birds  of  Ohio. 

—  Jjull.  Ann..  Orn.  Club,  iv.  No.  1,  January,  1879,  p.  52. 

237.  [Note  on  Dendrcv-ca  chrysoparia].  -Hull.  mitt.  Orn.  Club,  iv,  No    1    Jan- 

uary, 1.S79,  p.  ()(). 

238.  Nests  and  Eggs  of  tlie  Clny-colored  Btniting  [Spizella  pallida].  -  77>e  Oiilo. 

(/Iff,  IV,  No.  7,  February,  1879,  p.  oO. 

239.  Couos  on  the  Nest  .nnd  Eggs  of  the  Water  Thrush  [Siurus  nicvius].  -  The 

Oolo(/ht,  iv.  No.  8,  .Miirch,  1^79,  p.  ;>7. 

240.  The  Sparrow  [Passer  domcsticus]  Nuisance.  -  7%c    Washinaton    World, 

March  17,  1879. 


162 


APPENDIX. 


ii' 


ii, 


i<  t 


.;]!'!: 


241. 

242. 

243. 

244. 

245. 

246. 

247. 

248. 

249. 

250. 

251. 

252. 

2^3. 

254. 

255. 

256. 

257. 

258. 


History  of  the  Evening  Grosbeak  [Ilespcrophona  vespertina].  —  Bull.  Xutt. 
Orn.  Club,  iv,  No.  2,  April,  1879,  pp.  (Ju-75. 

fLangdon's  Kcvised  List  of  Cincinnati  Birds.  —  J?mZ/.  Mitt.  Orn.  Club,  iv, 
No.  2,  April,  1879,  pp.  112,  113. 

Note  on  Dendrojca  townsendi.  —  Bull.  JVutt.  Orn.    Club,  iv,  No    2   April 
1879,  p.  117.  ' 

Note  on  Bucepliala  islandica.  —  Bull.  JVutt.   Orn.   Club,  iv,  No.  2,  April 
1879,  pp.  12G,  127. 

Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.   19. —The  Curlews   [Numenius]   of  North 
America.  —  The  Chicago  Field,  April,  26,  1879. 

Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  20.  —The  American  Bittern  [Botaurus  mugi- 
tans].  —  Chicago  Field,  May  10,  1879. 

Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  21.  —  History  of  the  Red-breasted,  or  Cinna- 
mon Teal  [Querquedula  cyanoptera] .  —  Chicago  Field,  May  17,  1879. 

Letters  on   Ornithology.     No.    22.  — The   Snow   Goose,   or  White   Brant 
[Chen  hyperboreus].—  Chicago  Field,  May  24,  1879. 

Private  Letters  of  Wilson,  Ord  and  Bonaparte.— Pe«/i  Monthly,  June 
1879,  pp.  443-455.  ' 

Letters  on  Ornithology.    No.  23.  —The  American  Coot  [Fulica  americana]. 
—  Chicago  Field,  June  9,  1879. 

Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  24.  —  The  Wood  Ibis  [Tantalus  loculatorj.  — 
Chicago  Field,  June  14,  1879. 

Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.   25. —The  Solitary  Tattler;   Wood  Tattler 
[Rhyacophilus  solitarius].  —  Chicago  Field,  June  21,  1879. 

Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.    20.  —  Semipalmated  Tattler,  WiUet,   Stone 
Snipe  [Sympheniia  semipalniata]. —  Chicago  Field,  June  28,  1879. 

To  prevent  Grease  from  injuring  the  Plumage  of  Birds.  —  ylwjtr.  Xat.,  xiii. 
No.  7,  July,  1870,  p.  45G. 

[On  the  Use  of  Trinomials  in  Zoological  Nomenclature].  —  Bidl.  Nutt.  Orn. 
Chd>,  iv,  No.  3,  July,  1879,  p.  171. 

Le  Conte's  Thrasher  (Ilarporhynchus  lecontii).  —  The  Oolcjist,  iv.  No.  12, 
July,  1879,  pp.  99-100. 

Letters  on  Ornitliolog        No.  27.  — Bartramian  S.andpiper  or  Tattler;  Up- 
land Plover  [Harl-    aui  longicauda].  —  Chicago  Field,  July  5,  1879. 

Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  28.  —  The  Buff-breasted  Sandpiper  [Tryngitcs 
rufescens].  —  Chicago  Field,  July  12,  1879. 


APPENDIX. 


lU^ 


259. 

260. 

261. 

262. 
263. 

264. 


265. 

266. 

267. 

268. 

269. 

270. 

271. 

272. 


Letters  on  Ornithology.     No.  29.  -Great  Marbled  Godwit  [Limosa  foedal 
—  Chicago  Field,  July  19,  1879. 

Letters  on  Ornithology.      No.  30.— The   Great  White  Egret  [Herodias 
egretta].  —  Chicago  Field,  July  20,  1879. 

tlngcrsoll's  Nests  and  Eggs  of  American  Birds.- ^mer.JV;<A,,  xiii,  No.  8 
Aug.  1879,  pp.  515,  51G.  ' 

tTcxan  Ornithology.  —  ^Imcr.  Rat.,  xiii,  No.  8,  August,  1879,  pp.  51G-519. 

Nesting  of  the  Great  Blue  Heron  [Ardea  herodias]  in  the  West.  —  Chicufjo 
Field,  Aug.  2,  1879. 

On  the  Present  Status  of  Passer  domesticus  in  America,  with  Special  Refer- 
ence to  the  Western  States  and  Territories.  —  i?M//.    U.   iS.    Geul.  and 
Geogr.  Suro.  Terr.,  v,  No.  2,  Sept.  G,  1879,  pp.  175-193. 
Including  the  bibliograpliy  of  the  subject.    Also  sep.  pamphlet. 

Second  Instalment  of  American  Ornitiiological  Bibliography.  —  Bull.   U.  S. 
Geol.  and  Geogr.  Sun.  Terr.,  v,  No.  2,  Sept.  G,  1879,  pp.  239-330.  ' 
_  Tiie  First  Instalment  forms  tlio  Appenilix  of  "  Birds  of  the  Colorado  Valley,"  Part  I, 

1878.  —  Also  Sep.  pamphlet,  new  cover-title,  same  pagination. 

Note  on  the  Black-capped  Grecnlet,  Vireo  atricapillus  of  Woodhouse.  — 
Hull.  N-utt.  Orn.  Club,  iv.  No.  4,  October,  1879,  pp.  193,  194,  pi.  I 
(colored). 

Southward  Range  of  Centrophanes  lapponica.  —  Bull.  mut.  Orn.  Club  iv 
No.  4,  Octpber,  1879,  p.  238.  '      ' 

Obituary.     [Miss  Genevieve  E.  Jones.] —  i?«^Z.  JV««.  Orn.    Club,  iv.  No 
4,  October,  1879,  p.  228. 

A  Correction  [respecting  Buteo  borealis] .  —  J5««.    mut.    Orn.    Club,  iv, 
No.  4,  October,  1879,  p.  242. 

Note  on  Alle  nigricans.  Link.  —  Bull  mat.  Orn.  Club,  iv.  No.  4,  October 

1879,  p.  244. 

Destnictiveness  of  English  Sparrows  [Passer  domesticus].  —  ylm'r.    mu., 
xiii,  Xo.  II,  November,  1879,  p.  70G. 

Fiulhor  Notes  on  llie  Ornithology  of  the  Lower  Rio  Gr.ande  of  Texas,  from 
Observations  made  during  the  Spring  of  1878.     By  George  B.  Sennett. 
Edited,  with  Annotations,  by  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  U.  S.  A.  —  Bull.  U.  S. 
Geol.  and  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  v.  No.  3,  Nov.  30,  1879,  pp.  371-440. 
Also  separate,  new  covcr-title,  same  pagination. 


1880. 

273.     The  Origin  of  the  Turkey  [Meleagris  gallipavo]. 
No.  22,  Jan.  1,  1880,  p.  947. 


■Forest  and  Stream,  xiii, 


i 


164 


APPENDIX. 


Iff 


274.  Sketch  of  Noi-tli  American  Ornithology  in  1879.  — Amer.  Nitt.,  xiv,  No.  1, 

January,  1880,  pp.  20-2j. 

275.  On  the  Nesting  in  Missouri  of  Empidonax  acadicus  and  Empidonax  trailli. 

—  Hull.  Mitt.  Orn.  Club,  v,  No.  1,  January,  1880,  pp.  20-25. 

276.  f  Ingcrsoll's  Nests  and  Eggs  of  American  Birds.  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club, 

V,  No.  1,  January,  1880,  pp.  38,  39. 

277.  fThe  Misses  Jones  and  Shulze's  Nests  and  Eggs  of  Ohio  Birds.  —  Bull.  N^utt. 

Orn.  Club,  v.  No.  1,  January,  1880,  pp.  39,  40. 

278.  Description  of  the  Female  Dendroeca  kirtlandi. — Bull.  Nutt.   Orn.  Club, 

V,  No.  1,  Januarj-,  1880,  pp.  49,  50. 

279.  Note  on  Limosa  hiBmastica. — Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  v.  No.  1,  January, 

1880,  pp.  59,  GO. 

280.  Capture  of  Phaethon  flavirostris  in  Western  New  York.  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn. 

Club,  V,  No.  1,  January,  1880,  p.  G3. 

28 1 .  Depredations  of  the  European  Sparrow  [Passer  domesticus] .  —  Amer.  Nat. , 

xiv,  No.  2,  February,  1880,  p.  130. 

282.  Advent  of  Passer  domesticus  in  North  Carolina.  — Amer.  Nat.,  xiv,  No.  3, 

March,  1880,  p.  213. 

283.  Notes  and  Queries  concerning  the  Nomenclature  of  North  American  Birds. 

—  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  v.  No.  2,  April,  1880,  pp.  95-102. 

284.  Further  Light  on  the  Moult  of  the  Bill  in  certain  Morn^onida?.  —  Bull.  Nitt. 

Orn.  Club,  v,  No.  2,  April,  1880,  pp.  127-128. 

285.  Fourth  Instalment  of  Ornithological  Bibliography:  being  a  List  of  Faunal 

Publications  relating  to  British  Birds.  —  I^roc.    IT.    tS.  Nat.  Mus.,  ii, 
May  31,  1880,  pp.  359-482. 

This  Instalment  antedates  the  Third,  helow.    Also  separate,  with  new  cover-title. 

286.  [Letters  on  Passer  domesticus  in  America  and  Australia.] — Forest  and 

Stream,  April  15,  1880,  p.  204. 

287.  Shufoldt's  IMcmoir  on  the  Osteology  of  Speotyto  cunicularia  h3-poga;a.  — 

Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  v,  No.  3,  July,  1880,  pp.  129,  130,  pll.  I-IIL 

288.  fG  entry's  Nests  and  Eggs  of  the  Birds  of  Pennsylvania.  — Bull.  Nutt.  Orn. 

Club,  V,  No.  3,  July,  1880,  p.  179. 

289.  fObor's  Camps  in  the  Caribees.  —  Bull.  Nutt.   Orn.   Club,  v.  No.  3,  July, 

1880,  p.  179. 

290.  Nest  and  Eggs  of  Cathcrpes  moxicanns  conspcrsus.  —  Bull.  Nutt.   Orn. 

Club,  V,  No.  3,  July,  1880,  pp.  181,  182. 

291.  Numlier  of  Eggs  of  Ardea  herodias.  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  v,  No.  3, 

July,  1880,  p.  187. 


h.. 


APPENDIX. 


165 


292.     Note  on  Grus  fraterculua  of  Cassin.  —  Bull.  JVutt.   Orn.  Club,  v,  No.  3, 
July,  1880,  p.  188. 

Third  Instalruent  of  American  Ornithological  Bibliography.  —  Bull.  XJ.  8. 
Gcol.  and  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  vi.  No.  4,  Sept.  30,  1880,  pp.  521-1006. 

Not  published  till  after  tlie  4tli,  above.    Not  separate,  occupying  tiie  whole  No  of 
the  Dull. 

"Behind  the  Veil."  —  i?w/^.  Nutt.    Orn.   Club,  v.   No.  4,  October,  1880, 
pp. 193-204. 

Gossip  over  letters  and  other  relics  of  Wilson  and  Audubon. 

295.  tMarsh's  Pahcornitliology.  —  i?«</;.  mut.   Orn.    Club,  v,  No.  4,  October, 
1880,  pp.  234-23G. 

Review  of  O.  C.  Marsh's  "  Odontornithcs." 


293. 


294. 


296. 


Rural  Bird  Life  |  being  |  E.ssays  on  Ornithology  (  with  instructions  for  pre- 
serving ol)jccts  I  relating  to  that  science  |  by  |  Charles  Dixon  |  with  forty- 
five  illustrations ;  and  a  preface  [  By  Dr.  ElUott  Coues,  U.  S.  A.  .  .  . 
Boston  I  Estcs  and  Lauriat  |  299  to  305  Washington  Street.  |  [1880.J  1 
vol.  sm.  8vo.  Title  and  pp.  i-xvi,  1-374,  45  illust. 
American  Editor's  preface,  pp.  iii-viil. 


297. 


298. 


299. 


1881. 

A  curious  Colaptes  [auratus  x  mexicanus] .  —  Bull.  Nutt.   Orn.  Club,  vi, 
No.  3,  July,  1881,  p.  183. 

A  Correction   [Trogonida?] .  —  i?»K.   Kutt.    Orn.   Club,  vi,   No.   3,  July, 

1881,  p.  188. 

Probal)le  Occurrence  of  Sarcorhamphus  papa  in  Arizona.  —  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn. 
Club,  vi,  No.  4,  October,  1881,  p.  248. 

300.  New  England  Bird  Life  |  being  a  |  Manual  |  of  |  New  England  Ornithology 
I  revised  and  edited  from  tlie  Manuscript  of  |  Winfrid  A.  Stearns  | 
Member  of  tlio  Nutlall  Ornitliological  Club  etc.  |  By  |  Dr.  Elliott  Coues 
U.  S.  A.  I  Member  of  the  Academy  etc.  |  Part  L — Oscines  |  Boston  | 
Lee  and  Sliepard  Publishers  |  New  Yoriv  Charles  T.  DiUing'iam  |  1881 
1  vol.  8vo.     Title  and  pp.  1-324,  figg.  1-56. 


University  Press:  John  Wilson  &  Son,  Cambridge,  Mass. 


VALUABLE  BOOKS 

ON 

NATURAL    HISTORY,   GEOLOGY,  &c., 

AT    REDUCED     PRICES. 

FOR    SALE    BY 

ESTES    &    LA^XJUI^T, 

301-305  Washington  Street,  opposite  Old  South,  Boston. 


AUDUBON'S  BIRDS  OF  AMERICA.  %  John  J.  AuonnoN.  350  Fidurcs  of  Birds,  all 
lite-size,  in  one  vol.,  elepliant  folio.  With  descriptive  text;  8  vols,  liouiid  in  4.  Together,  5 
vols.,  all  bound  unit'orin  in  heavy  half  Russia  hinding.  New  York,  1857.  Reduced  from 
$250.00  to  >iUi5.00.     This  grand  work  is  now  out  of  print  and  never  can  he  produced  again. 

Tliis  iiifiifiiificent  work  is  In  one  ulcpliant  folio  Tolume,  nieiisurins  tlin-e  foot  five  inches  lonpt  by  two  feet  thrcp  inclips 
wide  ;  containing  upwards  of  tiireo  iiinRlrcil  ami  tifty  beautifully  colored  lij^ures  of  birds,  portrayinj^  tlieir  action  wliilc  in 
notion,  all  of  wliicli  are  life-size  ;  together  with  a  large  number  of  illustrations  of  tile  plants  and  trei's  most  frei|ucnted  by 
tue  birds  ;  a  great  variety  (if  cliarniing  landscapes  adding  niucli  to  tlie  beauty  of  tlie  work.  The  descriptive  text  consists  of 
eight  volumes  liound  in  four  royal  octjivo  volumes,  giving  tlie  liabits  of  tlie  birds,  anecdotes  relating  to  tliem,  by  the  great 
ornithologist  who  made  this  science  the  study  of  his  long  and  useful  life,  with  full  descriptive  text  of  all  the  birds,  delinea- 
tions of  .\merican  scenery,  plants,  trees,  \*c.  :  also  an  account  of  many  very  exciting  narratives  of  ^K'rsonal  .advent  ures,  hair- 
breadth e.«capes,  —  being  the  experience  of  Mr.  .\uduboii  hiin.self  while  in  pursuit  of  the  birds,  —  and  it  is,  without  exception, 
one  of  the  most  fa-scinating,  valuable,  entertaining,  and  remarkable  works  published,  This  .set  is  bound  in  licavv  Kiissia 
half  l)inding,  library  style,  and  offered  for  sale  at  the  above  low  price,  —  avery  great  bfirgain  and  a  rare  opiiortnnity.  If 
ordered  from  a  distance,  will  lie  carefully  packed  in  a  case  made  expressly.  The  present  offers  a  rare  chance  to  lovers  of 
works  of  art  to  procure,  at  a  small  price,  one  of  the  most  costly  ttiid  valualilc  works  ever  issued. 


WILSON'S  AMERICAN  ORNITHOLO- 
GY ;  or,  Natiii-al  History  of  the  llir 's  of  the 
I'liited  St.ites.  Xew  and  cnlariccd  eilitioii.  '.i 
vols.  Svo.  With  portrait  of  Wilson,  and  lo;i 
plates,  cxliiliitiiij;  nearly  400  lij^iirL's  of  liirds, 
acciiralely  eiijiraved  ami  Ipeaiitiliilly  priiitcil  in 
colors.     New  edition.     London,  1877. 

HeiUuod  from  S2.).00  to  .SI2.,'iO. 
This  is  liy  far  the  best  edition  of  the  .\merican  Ornithol- 
ogy, both  on  .iccoiuit  of  the  beautiful  pl.ites,  and  the  inter- 
esting notes  of  tlie  e.litor  ;  and  every  oruithoiogist  .-hould,  if 
possible,  procure  tliis  edition. 

FISHES  OF   THE  BRITISH  ISLANDS 

(llistnry  of  tlu-).  liy  .luiiathaii  Ctiucli,  F.L.8. 
lllii'<trato(|  wiili  2.">(i*  caivl'ullv  folin'iMl  plates. 
4  vols.     U(»val  Svo.     Cloth.     llon.ii.n,  IS77. 

litMluml  Innu  >'-i-J.(M)  to  .52:J.OO. 

Tho  imtlinr,  wlio  i*:  woll  known  as  one  of  tho  first  praoti- 
cat  niitlioritifs  on  Itritisli  lishcs,  hn**  fiip  fifty  jciirs  been 
observing,  nii'inK,  'oul  <lr:iwiiiir  wirli  his  own  pL'iu'il,  the 
VJiriuns  ti.-h  whicli  live  in  lli'ili--h  wiitcrs,  —  ji  v:i<t  liilmr,  in 
which  in'  h;is  lu'cn  avsi-tfl  Ity  M-ii-niitif  fricn-Is  livinj^  in 
various  |un  timis  nf  tlic  L-'nitcti  Kin^^loni.  Tlu'  tirawinirs  aro 
boautifnlly  ('nl(n*i'i|  to  life,  ami  stinio  of  the  jHirtraits  (espec- 
ially of  file  ilo-r  li-<10  are  n'ally  marvellous,  remiering  the 
iveoiruition  of  a  fish  a  work  of  the  greatest  ease. 

SMALLER  BRITISH  BIRDS.  With  do- 
seriplioiis  of  their  Nests,  V-i^il^,  Ihiliits,  iVc,  iVe. 
Ity  II.  (i.  and  II.  IS.  Adams,  llliislraled  with 
30  lieaiitifiil  full  page  colored  plates.  Cinitaiii- 
iiig  hiiiulreds  (if  liiiiires  of  hirds  and  their  enf,'.s, 
well  eoloieil  to  nature.  Small  4lo,  gilt  edges. 
London,  1874.  Kedneed  from  $12.00  to  $5.00. 

The  pre.'ent  work  Is  an  effort  to  produce  n  book  which 
shall  give  n  concise  yet  sufficiently  full  description  of  the 
smaller  Itritiiih  liirds;  not  a  scientific  work,  bnt  one  essen- 
tially popular  in  its  clinracter,  rendered  attractive  by  lifelike 
portraits  of  tlie  birds,  drawn  '  colored  as  ilo.sely  to  uature 
as  tho  eye  aud  the  baud  of  thu  artist  cau  uiaku  tUem. 


BRITISH  GRASSES  (Xatnral  History  of). 
l!y  K.  ,1.  I.owe,  I'-sij.  liliistial'd  with  74  finely 
eulored  plates.     Svo.     Cloth.     1H74. 

I.'edueeil  from  S  10.00  to  SO.OO. 

This  is  a  work  not  only  valuable  to  the  botanical  student 
for  its  pictorial  accuracy,  luit  of  use  alstt  to  tin-  landeil  pro- 
prietor and  the  farmer,  {lointiiig  out  to  them  those  grasses 
whidi  are  usefnl  and  lucriilive  in  husbandry,  ami  teaching 
them  the  varied  soils  and  positions  upon  wliiidi  tliev  thrive, 
and  explaining  their  iiualities  and  the  several  uses  to  which 
they  are  applied  in  many  branches  of  manufacture  aud  in- 
dustry. 

BRITISH       AND       EXOTIC       FERNS 

(Xatunil  History  of).  Ity  K.  .1.  I.owe.  llsq. 
llliistrateil  with  47i)  liiiely  colored  plates.  8  vols. 
Koval  8v(i.     Cloth.     I.oildoii,  1S72. 

Keilueed  from  SdO.OO  to  S.32.00. 

A  book  which  sliould  contain  amide  means  of  studying 
and  identifying  the  Exotic  species,  accessibh^  to  persons  of 
moderate  means,  has  hitherto  been  a  desideratum.  This 
want  the  present  work  promises  most  hopefully  to  fill.  ]t  is 
admirably  "  got  up  :  "  the  pliilesare  carefuli\  and  prettily  exe- 
ciiteil ;  tiiere  is  a  neat  illustrative  woodcut  at  the  head  of 
each  description,  and  the  letti'rpress  is  full  and  pmctical, 
without  being  dclieieiit  in  seiciililic  aceinacy.  It  is  really 
tile  cheapest  work  for  its  excellence  we  havi'  ever  seen,  and 
should  he  •'  in  the  hands  of  every  gaideiii'r  and  every  private 
person  who  cultivates  these  cliiirmiiig  objects." 

NEW  AND  RARE  FERNS  (Xatnral  His- 
tory of).  Containing  Species  and  Varieties  not 
iiieliided  ill  otliiM'  works.  liy  I'..  .1.  I.owe.  IIUis- 
traled  willi  72  eoloied  plate.s  ami  mimeroiis  wood- 
cuts.    8v(i.     Cloth.     London,  1871. 

liednced  from  .$10.00  to  ?G.OO. 

So  many  new  ones  tiave  luen  introduced,  that  it  has  been 
deemed  necessary  to  jiublish  a  se|iarate  vcihnne.  This  work 
will  be  found  to  contain  eidored  pbiles  or  woodcut  illustra- 
tious  of  one  huudred  aad  Ufty-une  new  species. 


IJf 


m 


BRITISH  MOSSES.     Tlioii-  Homes,  Aspects, 
Slnicturi',  and  1'm;s.     Contaiiiiiii,'  a  Colored  I'i},'- 
ui'i!  of   lacli  siH'i'ius,   ctclicd    from   Nature.     Hy 
v.   10.  Tripii.     llliistniled  Willi  heaiitil'iilly  rolnr'il 
plates.     -J  Vols.    Koyal  Svo.   Cloth.    l.oiKioii,  l.Si4 
Kediieed  from  Si!5.0t)  to  .'513.00. 
It  is  a  liook  to  roiul,  to  iionclcr,  to  uiiirk,  lenrii,  iiml  in- 
wardly digest.  .  .  .  lA'.t  tlio.so  who  wiuit  to  know  tlio  "  inoriil '' 
of  luossea  inciiiire  within  the  covers  cjf  the  volnniu      Ho  will 
thora  flud  that  tliene  humble  plants  liavo  their  uses,  their 
rirtues,  and  their  uiiasion. 

NATURAL  HISTORY  (Museum  of):  beiiiff 
a  Popular  .\eeoiuit  of  tlic  .Structure,  Habits,  and 
Classi Ileal  1(01  of  the  various  departineiils  of  tlio 
Animal  Kiiif;doin.  By  Sir  .lohn  liiehardson  and 
others.  Willi  a  llistorv  of  the  .Aineriiau  Fauna, 
bj  .loseph  It.  Holder,  'M.l).,  Fellow  of  the  New 
\ork  .\eademvof  .Seieiiees-  Illustialed  willi  linii- 
diecls  c)l'  steel  eii{;raviiij;s,  also  many  linely  col- 
ored plates,  and  numerous  woodcuts.  4to.  Cloth, 
gill,  extra.     New  Vork,  ISSl). 

Ueduced  from  521.00  to  510..J0. 

Not  only  written  in  a  free,  finiiliar,  tpaclilinj  Rt.\  lo,  liut 
cxciui.siti'lv  Illustrated  and  heiiiitil'iilly  (,'()t  n|),  (lives  ii  larjru 
iiiiiount  "f  inroriiiatioii  on  the  .subjcet  of  ioiinml  life,  and  we 
I'liiinneiid  these  handsonio  volumes  very  heartily  to  all  in- 
terested in  natural  history. 

STRUTT'S  SYLVA  BRITANNICA 
AND  SCOTIC  :  or,  piulraits  of  Forest 
Trees  distiuf^uisl  .r   their   antirpiily,   ma,u;ni- 

ttule,  or  beauty.  vil  from  Nature,  and  etched 

by  .lacoli  (i(M)r{je   Strnlt.     Iiii]KTial    folio.     Com- 

In'isiim  .■)()  very  laru;e  and  hi:;lilv  liiiislicd  etcliiiiijs. 
lalf  bound  liiorocco,  extra,  ^ik  edi^es.     L(ni(lou, 
18:20.  Ueduced  fnmi  •54."). 110  to  5I.S.00. 

Some  of  the  etohingii  resemble  the  p:ilntin;;s  by  Waterloo 
vi!ry  strikingly  ;  but  the  whole  are  various,  beautiful,  and 
intere.stlng. 

BUTTERFLIES    AND    MOTHS    (llist.ny 

of).      Accurately  delincalini;   every   known   Sjic- 

eiod,  with   ihe   Kiiijlisli  as  well   as  the  Scientilie 

Names,  accompanied  by   full   Descriptions,    Date 

of  .\ppear,ince,  Lists  of  the  Localities  they  haunt, 

their   Food   in   the   Caterpillar   Slate,    «)ul   oilier 

Features  of  their  Habits  and  .Modes  of  ICxislence, 

&c.      I$y   Uev.  F.   (>.   JImris,   15. A.     The   iilatcs 

contain    nearly   2,000   exquisilcly   colored    speci- 

luous.     In  4  vols.     Iloval  Svo.     ('loth.     Loiidim. 

Itcdi'iccd  from  SiiO.OO  to  5>:i:.'.IIO. 

Speaking  of  entomology,  we  should  place  Mr.  Morris's 

"  History  of  llritish  Moths  ■'  at  the  head.     It  gives  a  coloreil 

fii;ure  of  every  known  llritish  moth,  together  with  dates  of 

appearance,  local  iti(!S,  description,  and  food  of  caterpillar.     It 

forma  a  handsome  work  for  a  librtiry,  and  will,  we  should 

liope,  lead  many  to  commence  the  fascinating  scudy  of  ento- 

inoloiry. 

OUR  NATIVE  FERNS;  or,  a  History  (if 
tli(!  lirilish  Species  and  their  Varieties.  By  F>. 
.1.  Lowe.  With  71)  colored  and  00!)  wood  eiij;rav- 
ilit?s.     2  vols      8vo.     Clolli.     London,  1.S74. 

Kediiced  from  S'.'O.OO  to  SLJ.OO. 

The  Importance  and  value  of  this  work  may  be  infem'd 
from  the  fact  that  it  contains  descriptions  of  1,!204  varieties 
of  Hritisli  ferns,  with  70  colored  plates  of  spodes  and  vari- 
eties, and  '.too  wood  engravings,  containing  much  iiit(-'resting 
inforinatliiii.  The  Idealities  are  described,  each  synonyme 
giv(Mi,  and  a  descriptinn  of  tlie  proper  method  of  cultivation. 
Tlicn^  are  184  varieties  figured. 

BRITISH  SEA-WEEDS.  Drawn  from  Pro- 
fessor Harvey's  "  I'hycoloicia  nritannica."  Willi 
Descriptions,  and  .Vmateur's  Synopsis,  Rules  for 
Layin;^  on  Sca-wcods,  an  Order  for  Arrantjing 
flieui  in  the  lliebarinm,  and  an  Appendi.x  of 
New  Species.  lly  Mrs.  Alfred  (^lalty.  Illus- 
trated with  80  ex(iuisitely  colored  plate's,  coiitain- 
inij  ySi  liyiires.  2  vols.  8vo.  Clolh.  London, 
1874.  KediKcd  from  S24.00  to  .SFi.OO. 

In  her  present  work  slie  has  endeavored,  and  we  think 
most  successfuly,  to  tnmslate  the  terms  and  jilira^es  of 
science  into  tlie  language  of  amateurs.  Mrs.  (latty's  famil- 
iarity with  the  plants  tlieinselvca  lias  enabled  lier  to  do  this 
olflce  witliout  falling  into  tlu^  errors  to  which  a  mere  com- 
piler in  separating  from  the  beaten  tmcli  would  be  liable. 


HISTORY  OF  BRITISH  BUTTER- 
FLIES, lly  the  Kev.  F.  ().  M.uris  11.  \. 
Illustrated  with  72  beautifullv  colored  plates, 
lloyal  8vo.     Cloth.     Loiuhni,  ].s7t!. 

Ueduced  from  SIO.OO  to  $0.00. 
With  colored  Illustrations  of  all  the  species,  and  sep.irate 
figures  of  tlie  niiilu  and  female,  whuii'  tlieie  is  aiiv  obvious 
dilfereuco  between  them,  and  aL^o  of  the  under  side'  iDgelhcr 
with  the  caterpilliir  and  ehry.sali.<,und  a  full  descrlptldn  of 
each,  with  copious  accounts  of  their  Kveral  habit.s  locilities 
and  times  of  apiM-araiice,  together  with  delails  u'«  to  their 
lircfcrvation,  &c.,witli  new  and  valuable  iiifoniiatioii  —the 
result  of  the  author's  experience  for  many  j  ears.         ' 

ALPINE     PLANTS.      DcMiipiions    and    200 

accuralely  c(dorc(l   lifjiires  (drawn  and  eiiffra\ed 

exjiressly    for   this   work)   of  some   of  the   most 

strikinj;   and    beautiful   of    the   Alpine    Flowers. 

Kditcd  bv  David  Woosler.     2  vo|>.     IJoval  8vo. 

Cloth.     London.      liediieed  from  !t.-JO.0l)  i,',  .'Sl.'i.OO. 

The  manner  in  which  "Alpine  Plants''  is  prodnced  is 

creditable  alike  to  anting  and  artist.    The  literary  portion 

is  not  the  mere  dry  boianiciil  description  oficn  foiinil  in  Mich 

work.s,  hut  a  popular  description  of  the  plant,  —  inslniellons 

as  to  ils  culture  and  treatment,  — with  anv  interesting  infor- 

mation  in  connection  with  it  that  can  lie  libiaiiieil.  ,   .  .   We 

lieartily  commend  this  work  to  all  lovers  of  flowers. 

OWEN    (Hichard).      Comparative   Anat(uny   and 

I'hysiology  of  Vertebrates.     V(d.   I.   Fislu's  and 

Kcptiles.  ■  Vol.    H.    llirds    and   Mammals.     V(d. 

HI.  Mammals.      a  vols.      8vo.      Cloth.       Ilhis- 

tratcd    with    an    immense    number  of    beaiilitul 

woodcuts.     London,  Longmans,  180(;-()8. 

Heduced  Ihnn  $24.00  to  S10.,')0. 
This  work  has  long  been  the  highest  authc.ritv  on  this 
subject,  and  has  received  the  piai.se  of  such  men  as  Tvndall, 
Hn.xley,  and  others.  Humboldt  speaks  of  (Iwen  as  tlie  great- 
est anatomist  of  his  age, and  he  Is  generally  called  (he  Cuvier 
of  ICngland  and  the  "Newton  of  natural  histor\ .'' 

AMERICAN  NATURALIST  (The).  A 
])(i])idar  illustrate(l  Mapizine  of  Natural  llistorv. 
Kdilcd  by  A.  S.  Pu'  kanl,  .Jr.,  K.  S.  Morse,  A. 
II.\att,  and  F.  W.  I'utnum.  Numerons  illustra- 
fions,  many  full-pa^ed.  10  vols.  (Coninlete 
from  commencement  to  1878.)  8vo.  Clolh. 
Salem,  J8l)8-77.  Ueduced  from  S.")0.00  to  .52."i.()0. 
The  Knturalht  contains  departments  of  Geograiihy  and 

Travel,  .Micro.scopy,  luid  Proceedings  of  Heientilic  Sieieties. 

A  digest  of  the  contents  of  foreign  scientilie  .journals  and 

tran.sactions  is  also  given,  together  with  the  latest  home  and 

foreign  .scientilie  news. 

GEOLOGY  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.    A 

rejiort  comprisint;  the   results  of  l'!.\ploratliin  or- 
dered bv  the  Le,i;islalnre,  by  C.  H.  HilclicocU  and 
.L   H.   Ilnnlingloii.     Mliistraled   with   nearly  2.^)0 
ilhistratious,  maps,  diaf;rams  (many  of  which  are 
fnll-piif,'e).      3   vols.      Uoyal    8vo!     1,200   jiafres. 
Half   moroceo.     With    large   and  valuable  Atlas 
complctiu;;  the  work,  forming  the  fourth  volume. 
Concord,  1874.        Ueduced  from  $40.00  to  .'t.2.").00. 
This  great  work,  wtiicli  is  wilh(nita  doubt  the  most  valu- 
able report  ever  published,  contains  many  nrtieles  of  interest 
to  the  general  reader,  as  well  as  the  geologist,  as  man.\  of  the 
articles  were  prepared  liy  gentlemen  eminent  in  their  ppec- 
iidties,  such  as  the  .Natunil  History  anil  Ilotany,  and    a  Ilis- 
toryof  the  K.xplorations  among  the  White  .Mountains,  t:c. 

NATURALIST'S  LIBRARY,  JAR- 
DINE'S.  Itv  Sir  William  .lardine.  42  vols. 
Foolscap.  8v(').  1,200  eolorial  plates.  'With 
iinmerous  Portraits  and  JMcmoirs  of  F'miiuuit 
Naturalists.  Kxtia  clolh,  to|)  edges,  gilt.  (Sold 
onlvinsets.)     London,  ISO.'i. 

Ueduced  from  SH4.00  to  $;iG.OO. 
Contents  :  llritish  Birds  ;  Sun  liirds  ;  Humming  liirds  ; 
Oanie  llirds;  Pigeons;  Parrots;  Flycatchers;  Peacocks; 
Lions;  Tigers;  llritish  Quadrupeds;  Dogs,  2  vols  ;  Kunii- 
nating  Animals,  vol.  1  (Deer,  Antelopes,  Sec);  Ilnminating 
Animals,  vol.  2  (Goats,  Sheep) ;  Seals;  Whales,  &c. ;  Mon- 
keys; 1iriti.sh  Ituttertlies ;  British  Moths,  &c.  ;  Foreign 
Hiittnrtlies ;  Foreign  Moths;  Beetles;  Bees:  Introduction, 
and  foreign  Fishes;  British  Fishes,  2  vols.;  I'erch,  &c  ; 
Fishes  of  (luiana,  2  vols. 

■Sir  Williain  .fardlne's  coadjutors  in  tliis  admirable  series 
were  Swainson,  Selby,  Macglllivray,  Waterboufie,  Duncan, 
Hamilton,  Smith,  and  otliers. 

This  hook  is,  perhaps,  the  most  interesting,  tlio  most 
beautiful,  and  the  cheapest  series  ever  olTered  to  the  public. 


